403 pubblicazioni classificate nel seguente modo:

Building Management System and Data Sharing Platform for Passive Cooling Strategies Assessment and Users’ Awareness Increase: Design and Application to a Social Housing Context in Italy
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2023. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
Autore/i: Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Maracchini, Gianluca; Latini, Arianna; Bernardini, Gabriele; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The development and application of Building Management Systems (BMSs) provide different benefits, related to optimizing real-time building monitoring and analysis, understanding users’ behavior toward systems and components, collecting data to reduce the performance gap in building energy models, and also promoting users’ awareness based on automation and control systems and feedback solutions. This paper deals with the design and application of a smart, wireless, reversible, and low-impact BMS, integrated into two existing social housing buildings, selected as demo cases in the European “LIFE SUPERHERO” project. The information obtained from installed sensors (outdoor and indoor environmental conditions, occupants’ behavior, roof performance) is stored in a server, thus allowing researchers to access data in real-time, and to carry out analyses related to the indicators and objective of the project itself (e.g., reduction of cooling energy consumptions, comfort optimization, etc.). Raw and processed data are then reported in a web-based Data Sharing Platform, called “HUman-BEhaviors monitoring data Sharing” (HU-BES) that provides qualitative and quantitative user-friendly data representation to specialized and un-specialized end-users, such as designers, stakeholders, and occupants. Both the BMS and HU-BES are developed to be flexible tools that can be further integrated depending on the evolution of the project, for example, by adding other sensors or showing different performance indicators.

What Matters the Most? The Role of Actual Occupancy Patterns and Automatic Model Calibration in Reducing the Building Energy Performance Gap in an Italian Case Study
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2023
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; Latini, Arianna; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Gianangeli, Andrea; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer, Singapore
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Building energy models are increasingly used in energy renovation projects to identify the best retrofit strategy. However, a significant discrepancy between real and numerical building performances (“performance gap”) is generally observed, which can lead to an erroneous design of the energy retrofit measures. To reduce this gap, automatic model calibrations can be undertaken. This approach generally focuses on fine-tuning some “fixed” parameters to minimize an error function but often disregards the uncertainties in time-varying occupants’ behavior patterns. These latter are also commonly modeled through standardized profiles due to a lack of knowledge, then further increasing the performance gap, especially where occupants’ behavior may have a higher level of uncertainty, as in residential buildings. In this context, it is important to understand and quantify the impact of actual occupancy profiles on model accuracy also in comparison with that achieved through calibration. For this reason, this work compares, for a specific case study of social housing in Reggio Emilia (Italy), the performance gap reduction achievable through (i) common automatic calibration approaches; (ii) the modeling of the actual, experimentally observed, occupants’ behavior. The results reveal that modeling the actual users’ behavior decreases the error (RMSE) in indoor air temperature by 0.46 °C, i.e., more than the reduction obtained through the adopted calibration approaches (0.26 °C). In terms of energy consumption for space cooling, the performance gap without actual occupancy was significantly higher than that obtained for three monitored unoccupied apartments (AC always on), i.e., 10–15% against 1–4%. However, if the actual occupants’ behavior is modeled, the performance gap is reduced to the values obtained for the unoccupied apartments. This study highlights the importance of occupancy patterns in building energy modeling.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/328016

Building Management System and Data Sharing Platform for Passive Cooling Strategies Assessment and Users’ Awareness Increase: Design and Application to a Social Housing Context in Italy
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2023
Autore/i: Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Maracchini, Gianluca; Latini, Arianna; Bernardini, Gabriele; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer, Singapore
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The development and application of Building Management Systems (BMSs) provide different benefits, related to optimizing real-time building monitoring and analysis, understanding users’ behavior toward systems and components, collecting data to reduce the performance gap in building energy models, and also promoting users’ awareness based on automation and control systems and feedback solutions. This paper deals with the design and application of a smart, wireless, reversible, and low-impact BMS, integrated into two existing social housing buildings, selected as demo cases in the European “LIFE SUPERHERO” project. The information obtained from installed sensors (outdoor and indoor environmental conditions, occupants’ behavior, roof performance) is stored in a server, thus allowing researchers to access data in real-time, and to carry out analyses related to the indicators and objective of the project itself (e.g., reduction of cooling energy consumptions, comfort optimization, etc.). Raw and processed data are then reported in a web-based Data Sharing Platform, called “HUman-BEhaviors monitoring data Sharing” (HU-BES) that provides qualitative and quantitative user-friendly data representation to specialized and un-specialized end-users, such as designers, stakeholders, and occupants. Both the BMS and HU-BES are developed to be flexible tools that can be further integrated depending on the evolution of the project, for example, by adding other sensors or showing different performance indicators.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/328014

Potential of Biophilic Design in Workplaces: A Pilot Study with Eye Tracking in Immersive Virtual Environments
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2023
Autore/i: Latini, Arianna; Marcelli, Ludovica; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer, Singapore
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Biophilic design (BD) approach promotes the integration of nature-based systems into the built environment, with a positive impact on human comfort, health, well‐being, and cognitive functions. In this pilot study, a virtual model of an office room was integrated with nature’s patterns (living wall and potted plants) to create an immersive biophilic environment (IBE). In the IBE, 25 participants performed three cognitive tasks, while their eyes movements were detected through an eye-tracking technology integrated within the head-mounted display for virtual reality (VR). The authors focused on two goals: verifying the ecological validity of the virtual biophilic model and evaluating the potential effect of introducing green elements in terms of visual attention, interest, and distraction. Findings revealed that the IBE created an excellent level of presence and immersivity. The preliminary results show that visual attention could be positively triggered by the proximity of users to the natural element and the possibility of freely exploring the biophilic environment, while visual distraction from operative tasks might be negatively influenced by the spatial location and dimension. Hence, the results of this pilot study support the potentiality of adopting VR in extensive research studies to support a proper biophilic design promoting emotional attachment and work efficiency.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/328015

Improving Sustainable Management of University Buildings Based on Occupancy Data
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
Autore/i: D’Orazio, Marco; Bernardini, Gabriele; Di Giuseppe, Elisa
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The sustainability of buildings during their life cycle could be increased by optimizing their facility management. In this sense, data-driven approaches could support the improvement of building operation and maintenance (O&M), because they can exploit collected data to provide useful correlations to assess the sustainability performance depending on the surrounding constraints. Universities are among the most relevant and largest organizations, generally hosted in multistory buildings, that could take advantage of such data to improve the sustainable goals of class occupancy and timetable. A high level of classroom occupancy is the main goal for class timetabling, and its effect on other O&M performance generally is overlooked. In the literature, class timetabling effects on university O&M, and especially on elevator maintenance tasks, have not yet been addressed in depth. Therefore this work adopted a data-driven approach to jointly optimize class scheduling and corrective maintenance actions required for elevators in university buildings. Elevator use is influenced greatly by schedule-dependent occupant movement, and thus is one of the main components of the total maintenance costs, and significantly affects safety performance. A 15-month experimental campaign on a university campus hosting as many as 7,000 occupants daily was performed to correlate occupant presence and movement with the number of corrective actions on elevators. The data-driven correlation was integrated with open-source timetabling software to assess the impact of alternative timetables (affecting occupant movement and occupancy levels) on expected maintenance needs. According to the results, the optimized timetable can reduce current elevator maintenance needs by 65%, whereas the classroom occupancy performance is reduced by only 7%, thus still leading to sustainable building use. The proposed optimization approach allows facility managers to implement a university class timetabling that achieves higher maintenance cost savings, thus moving toward more-sustainable management of building scheduling and maintenance performance in a joint manner.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/324656

Virtual reality application to explore indoor soundscape and physiological responses to audio-visual biophilic design interventions: An experimental study in an office environment
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Latini, Arianna; Torresin, Simone; Oberman, Tin; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Aletta, Francesco; Kang, Jian; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Among the major sources of disturbance in offices, noise and poor acoustics consistently rank at the top. Moreover, the positive impact which connecting with nature has on individuals is well-documented, yet still not investigated in-depth in terms of office soundscapes. In the present study, a methodology using Virtual Reality (VR) technology is employed to analyse the benefits of Biophilic Design interventions in office spaces. Notably, the study investigates the independent and interaction effects of audio-visual connection with nature on 1) office soundscape, and 2) physiological parameters, and 3) explores potential correlations between physiological and soundscape response. Three different visual scenarios (Indoor Green, Outdoor Green and Non-Biophilic) and three sound environments (Office − O, Office + Traffic − O + T and Office + Nature − O + N) for a virtual office environment were combined in a between-subjects design experiment. During their exposure to each acoustical scenario, 198 participants’ responses on perceived affective quality of soundscapes (ISO/TS 12913-2) and physiological reactions (Electro-Dermal Activity - EDA, Pulse Rate - PR, Skin Temperature -ST) were collected. The results show a major effect of the sound factor on soundscape assessment, with the O + N scenario resulting in increased pleasantness and eventfulness compared to the O scenario, i.e. a more vibrant office soundscape. Moreover, an interaction between sound and visual stimuli on pleasantness was detected, with IG being more effective in O + N, while OG being more beneficial in the O + T scenario. Significant positive physiological responses were more elicited in the presence of an acoustical connection with nature than a visual one: pleasant soundscapes of nature were associated with lowered EDA and PR with an additional improvement in EDA in the presence of indoor greenery. Moreover, a more pleasant sound (O + N) tended to decrease skin temperature in the presence of indoor greenery, while a more unpleasant and eventful acoustical scenario (O + T) gave the largest PR increase in the absence of nature-related elements indoors. This research provides first insights for the biophilic design of office spaces through nature-related audio-visual stimuli.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/328429

Coupled Multi-risk Mitigation in Historical Urban Outdoor Built Environment: Preliminary Strategies Evaluation Through Typological Scenarios
Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. SAHC 2023
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; D’Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico
Editore: Springer
Luogo di pubblicazione: Cham
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Outdoor Built Environment (BE), such as squares, are paramount scenarios in historic cities. They attract many users that can be affected by both Slow and Sudden onset disasters, depending on the combination of possible hazards, BE modification in view of the BE morphological and constructive features, and the users’ vulnerability and exposure. The coupling of sudden and slow-onset disasters represents a critical but not remote situation. This work hence provides an approach to assess coupled multi-risk in historical outdoor BE by using behavioural simulation methods and to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. The simulation model is based on a probabilistic, multi-agent and cellular automata approach, developed in a slow-to-sudden events perspective. Heatwaves (as a slow onset disaster) affect the initial users’ position in the outdoor BE in view of outdoor temperature. Then, a terrorist act (as a sudden onset disaster) appears, thus making users evacuate from the outdoor BE. The application involves relevant typological conditions of outdoor BE to trace rapid and generalisable overviews of emergency impacts that can be then verified in specific case-studies. The slow-to-sudden events approach is applied to different BE typologies characterized by different climate conditions for hazards, terrorist attacks, and mitigation strategies. Simulation analysis mainly concerns evacuation to focus on quick events faced by users. Results demonstrate the approach capabilities in comparing coupled multi-risks conditions depending on BE configurations. The approach can outline quick solutions in the considered typological BE, and can be applied to real-world scenarios to “tailor” strategies on effective BE conditions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/321272

Influence of pre-processing methods on the automatic priority prediction of native-language end-users’ maintenance requests through machine learning methods
JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION
Autore/i: D’Orazio, Marco; Bernardini, Gabriele; Di Giuseppe, Elisa
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Feedback and requests by occupants are relevant sources of data to improve building management, and building maintenance. Indeed, most predictable faults can be directly identified by occupants and communicated to facility managers through communications written in the end-users’ native language. In this sense, natural language processing methods can support the request identification and attribution process if they are robust enough to extract useful information from these unstructured textual sources. Machine learning (ML) can support assessing and managing these data, especially in the case of many simultaneous communications. In this field, the application of pre-processing and ML methods to English-written databases has been widely provided, while efforts in other native languages are still limited, impacting the real applicability. Moreover, the performance of combinations of methods for pre-processing, ML and classification classes attribution, has been limitedly investigated while comparing different languages. To fill this gap, this work hence explores the performance of automatic priority assignment of maintenance end-users’ requests depending on the combined influence of: (a) different natural language pre-processing methods, (b) several supervised ML algorithms, (c) two priority classification rules (2-class versus 4-class), (d) the database language (i.e. the original database written in Italian, the native end-users’ language; a translated database version in English, as standard reference). Analyses are performed on a database of about 12000 maintenance requests written in Italian concerning a stock of 23 buildings open to the public. A random sample of the sentences is supervised and labelled by 20 expert annotators following the best-worst method to attribute a priority score. Labelled sentences are then pre-processed using four different approaches to progressively reduce the number of unique words (potential predictors). Five different consolidated ML methods are applied, and comparisons involve accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score for each combination of pre-processing action, ML method and the number of priority classes. Results show that, within each ML algorithm, different pre-processing methods limitedly impact the final accuracy and average F1-score. In both Italian and English conditions, the best performance is obtained by NN, LR, SVM methods, while NB generally fails, and by considering the 2-class priority classification scale. In this sense, results confirm that facility managers can be effectively supported by ML methods for preliminary priority assessments in building maintenance processes, even when the requests database is written in end-users’ native language.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/327999

Effects of Biophilic Design interventions on university students' cognitive performance: An audio-visual experimental study in an Immersive Virtual office Environment
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Latini, Arianna; Torresin, Simone; Oberman, Tin; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Aletta, Francesco; Kang, Jian; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The human-nature connection should be a key component in the design of supportive and comfortable indoor environments. An interest in introducing Nature Based Solutions indoor via Biophilic Design (BD) intervention recently emerged. Related benefits for work efficiency have been identified in lab-studies without the possibility to perform preliminary design assessments. Recently, VR has been adopted thanks to its advantages for data collection in highly realistic environments. To date, most of the research on BD has been focused on the visual connection with nature even if people experience multiple senses simultaneously. In this paper, a new design approach for preliminary assessment of BD intervention in VR is presented. A 3x3 between-subjects design study is presented, comparing three office layouts (Indoor Green, Outdoor Green and Non-Biophilic) and three acoustic scenarios (Office, Office + Traffic and Office + Nature). 198 participants performed one test session completing three cognitive tasks for each acoustic condition, and survey. The results of the sense of presence and immersivity (visual), the sensory congruency (acoustic) and cybersickness disorders suggested that VR is an effective tool to preliminary evaluate the potential of BD interventions (ecological validity). The findings of the cognitive tests revealed that audio-visual connection with nature can positively influence working memory, inhibition and task-switching performance. The acoustic factor exhibited a higher improvement effect compared to the visual factor, between 23 % and 71 % against 12 %–39 %. Moreover, the Natural sound in the Indoor Green condition was the most supportive visual*acoustic condition while Traffic in the Non-Biophilic environment was the most disruptive one.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/326252

Investigating the impact of greenery elements in office environments on cognitive performance, visual attention and distraction: An eye-tracking pilot-study in virtual reality
APPLIED ERGONOMICS
Autore/i: Latini, Arianna; Marcelli, Ludovica; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The human-nature connection is one of the main aspects determining supportive and comfortable office environments. In this context, the application of eye-tracking-equipped Virtual Reality (VR) devices to support an evaluation on the effect of greenery elements indoors on individuals’ efficiency and engagement is limited. A new approach to investigate visual attention, distraction, cognitive load and performance in this field is carried out via a pilot-study comparing three virtual office layouts (Indoor Green, Outdoor Green and Non-Biophilic). 63 participants completed cognitive tasks and surveys while measuring gaze behaviour. Sense of presence, immersivity and cybersickness results supported the ecological validity of VR. Visual attention was positively influenced by the proximity of users to the greenery element, while visual distraction from tasks was negatively influenced by the dimension of the greenery. In the presence of greenery elements, lower cognitive loads and more efficient information searching, resulting in improved performance, were also highlighted.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/328717

Coupled Multi-risk Mitigation in Historical Urban Outdoor Built Environment: Preliminary Strategies Evaluation Through Typological Scenarios
Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. SAHC 2023
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; D’Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Outdoor Built Environment (BE), such as squares, are paramount scenarios in historic cities. They attract many users that can be affected by both Slow and Sudden onset disasters, depending on the combination of possible hazards, BE modification in view of the BE morphological and constructive features, and the users’ vulnerability and exposure. The coupling of sudden and slow-onset disasters represents a critical but not remote situation. This work hence provides an approach to assess coupled multi-risk in historical outdoor BE by using behavioural simulation methods and to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. The simulation model is based on a probabilistic, multi-agent and cellular automata approach, developed in a slow-to-sudden events perspective. Heatwaves (as a slow onset disaster) affect the initial users’ position in the outdoor BE in view of outdoor temperature. Then, a terrorist act (as a sudden onset disaster) appears, thus making users evacuate from the outdoor BE. The application involves relevant typological conditions of outdoor BE to trace rapid and generalisable overviews of emergency impacts that can be then verified in specific case-studies. The slow-to-sudden events approach is applied to different BE typologies characterized by different climate conditions for hazards, terrorist attacks, and mitigation strate-gies. Simulation analysis mainly concerns evacuation to focus on quick events faced by users. Results demonstrate the approach capabilities in comparing coupled multi-risks conditions depending on BE configurations. The approach can outline quick solutions in the considered typological BE, and can be applied to real-world scenarios to “tailor” strategies on effective BE conditions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/326251

Towards a technical sentiment lexicon for the maintenance of human-centred buildings
TEMA
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Bernardini, Gabriele
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Following the “Cognitive Building” concept, in a few years, building automation systems were drastically improved to collect a large amount of user data. However, despite this evolution and the research efforts in the field, human-building interaction remained one of the least mature fields of building science due to the occupants’ complexity and diversity. Collecting data became simple and cheap, but transforming collected “data” into valuable “information” able to create an effective interaction between buildings and occupants remains complex. This work contributes by proposing a method to translate unstructured data, coming from Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS), into information useful to improve the interactions between occupants and buildings in the management of the maintenance process. End-users’ maintenance requests, collected through a CMMS, were used to create a technical sentiment lexicon able to predict the priority of an intervention based on an inverted naïve Bayes approach. Sentiment lexicons are part of sentiment analysis, an interesting research field introduced to study people’s opinions, sentiments, emotions, and attitudes through Natural Language Processing (NLP). The technical lexicon is useful to immediately perform the priority assessment of contemporary end-users’ maintenance requests, thus being more rapid than traditional Machine Learning methods.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/318031

Valutazione (behavioural design-based) multirischio di ambienti costruiti urbani e delle strategie di mitigazione: il caso delle piazze storiche
Colloqui.AT.e 2023 - In Transizione: s!de e opportunit{\`{a}} per l'ambiente costruito
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Editore: Edicom
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The urban Built Environment (BE) is prone to several risks. Slow onset disasters (e.g. temperature increase) raise slowly, widely affect daily BE fruition by its users, and can lead to critical conditions for them. Sudden onset disasters (e.g. terrorist acts, earthquakes) quickly affect the BE, causing direct damage to it and its users, and also the necessity to perform evacuation to restore safety levels. Slow and sudden onset disasters can also appear in a coupled manner, and their impact can be mainly noticed in public open spaces, such as squares, and historical scenarios, where relevant users’ exposure and vulnerability are combined with critical BE physical vulnerabilities. Multirisk assessment mitigation should hence rely on a behavioural-design approach, pursued at analysing users’ emergency response through simulation. Quick methodologies are also needed, and they can take advantage of typological BE and risk conditions while tracing rapid intervention criteria to be “tailored” in specific case-studies. This work defines a behavioural-design approach to assess multirisk and verify the impact of mitigation strategies in squares. In the proposed simulation logic, a slow-onset disaster (heatwaves) influences the initial users’ distribution in the square and then a specific sudden-onset disaster (a terrorist act, or an earthquake) is considered. The approach capability demonstration is provided by an application to a relevant typological historic square (hosting a special building) based on the analysis of real-world squares in the Italian context. Several sudden events (in terms of terrorist attacks, and seismic damages) are simulated, and two layouts (pre-mitigation versus mitigated) are also tested. Decision-makers could take advantage of the proposed approach and simulation tool for risk assessment and strategies effectiveness evaluation also in real-world scenarios.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/325154

Applicazione di NBS per il comfort e l’efficienza lavorativa degli utenti in ambienti ad uso ufficio: uno studio in Realtà Virtuale
Le NbS-Nature-based Solutions per l’architettura e la città. L’approccio prestazionale alle tecnologie vegetate. Atti della conferenza 2023
Autore/i: D’Orazio, Marco; Latini, Arianna; DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa
Editore: FrancoAngeli
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Currently, the design of the built environment fails to address an integrated strategy that places equal concern on the efficiency of buildings and the individuals’ domain. Nature Based Solutions (NBS) are innovative key approaches to achieving EU 2030 strategies for resilient and biodiversity-rich ecosystems that improve the health and well-being of individuals. While the focus on the latter is still limited, several psychological theories and building standards pointed out that the modern built environment, characterized by an insufficient human-nature connection, can be implemented through the introduction of NBS to promote a positive impact on individuals’ comfort, health, emotions, cognitive functions, and behaviour. In the architectural and engineering sector, the aim is to integrate the performance of NBS in a holistic approach to consider both the efficiency of solutions in terms of environmental impact and indicators of impact on building users. Thus, a new design paradigm emerged: Biophilic Design (BD), which aims at both a low environmental impact strategy and a beneficial contact between nature and humans to design sustainable and comfortable buildings. Recently, researchers adopted Virtual Reality (VR) to study BD due to its many advantages as a flexible and low-cost solution. In this paper, a case study is presented to evaluate the potential of the introduction of NBS (green wall, potted plants) on the working efficiency of 132 participants within an office virtual environment under a constant indoor air temperature. The results show the potential of using VR to evaluate the integration of NBS within the indoor environment since the first building design phase and the decision-making process.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/325295

L’efficientamento energetico di edifici alla luce dei nuovi scenari energetici ed economici
COSTRUIRE IN LATERIZIO
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Remia, Giada
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: La ricerca indaga la convenienza economica dell’efficientamento energetico di edifici alla luce dei mutati scenari energetici ed economici post-pandemici, mettendo a confronto costi e benefici di oltre 300 interventi applicati a un caso-studio
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/314601

Validazione sperimentale di ambienti virtuali immersivi per lo studio di comfort, efficienza lavorativa e comportamento energetico di utenti in ambienti ad uso ufficio
In Transizione: sfide e opportunità per l’ambiente costruito. In Transition: challenges and opportunities for the build heritage
Autore/i: Latini, A; Di Giuseppe, E; D'Orazio, M
Editore: EdicomEdizioni
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/323658

Microwave reflection method for moisture assessment for architectural heritage conservation: first results on the case study of church of S. Pietro in Valle (Fano, Italy)
RESTAURO ARCHEOLOGICO
Autore/i: Monni, Francesco; Gianangeli, Andrea; Quagliarini, Enrico; D’Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/325591

Ondate di calore: risposta termica e comportamento energetico nell’edilizia sociale
INGENIO
Autore/i: Massetti, S.; Maracchini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/323712

End-user’s perception of the state of the building systems through sentiment and emotion analysis methods
In Transizione: sfide e opportunità per l’ambiente costruito. In Transition: challenges and opportunities for the build heritage
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Giuseppe, Di; Bernardini, Gabriele
Editore: EdicomEdizioni
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/323671

Managing people’s flows in cultural heritage to face pandemics: identification and evaluation of combined measures in an Italian arena
TEMA
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Bernardini, Gabriele; Quagliarini, Enrico
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The management of people’s health and safety in cultural buildings has been drastically changed in view of the COVID-19 pandemic. The combined effects of crowding levels and people’s flows are now associated not only with emergency conditions (i.e., evacuation) but also with ordinary fruition issues, given the possible spreading of the virus. Cultural buildings, particularly cultural heritage, are critical scenarios for emergency and fruition issues because of their specific geometric and technical features. They suffered from COVID-19 restrictions mainly due to physical distancing measures. Protocols have been developed during the last two years to manage pandemics in such contexts, and the increasing number of vaccinated people is also pushing toward a full return to pre-pandemic rules. However, they should be carefully evaluated and tailored depending on cultural heritage conditions. This work identifies and evaluates combined measures to manage people’s flows (access, movement, queue) depending on boundary conditions at the overall (building capacity) and individual levels (face mask; vaccinated/recovered; “green pass”). The effectiveness evaluation is performed by using a simulation model that jointly represents the virus spreading and the people’s flow. An Italian historical arena is selected as a significant case study. Results show that a higher occupants’ number can multiply the contagion spreading. Still, a more significant impact on its limitation can be achieved by controlling infectors’ access (supporting body temperature control with rapid tests) and occupants’ movement during queues and pauses. The methodology can help decision-makers to balance a proper combined application of management measures.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/323231

Virtual reality as a new frontier for energy behavioural research in buildings: tests validation in a virtual immersive office environment
TEMA
Autore/i: Latini, Arianna; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Occupants’ behaviour and strategies to encourage behavioural changes need to be addressed in workplaces to reduce energy consumption. In this study, the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was integrated for the first time with an office virtual environment (VE) to investigate the adequacy of the VE in the comfort and behaviour domain, while understanding its effect in predicting individuals’ energy-related intention of interaction with the building systems. 104 participants, randomly divided into two groups, were recruited to answer questionnaires (TPB, comfort, interactions, sense of presence, cybersickness). Two test sessions were conducted at a constant indoor air temperature: an in-situ experiment was compared with the virtual counterpart. Findings revealed an excellent level of presence and immersivity and the absence of high disorder levels. A good agreement between the two environments was highlighted in terms of thermal comfort, number and type of interactions. Moreover, no differences were discovered between the results of a multiple regression model in both the real and virtual environments. In this study, the knowledge of energy consumption of building equipment had the strongest effect on predicting the intention of interaction in both tested environments. Thus, the suitability of the virtual environment could offer an effective tool for decision-makers and researchers to develop strategies aimed to design more comfortable and less energy-consuming buildings.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/316735

Can active and passive wayfinding systems support fire evacuation in buildings? Insights from a virtual reality-based experiment
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Lovreglio, Ruggiero; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Occupant safety in case of building fires depends on the selection of proper evacuation routes. Today, several passive and active Emergency Wayfinding Systems (EWSs) have been proposed to support occupant route choices. Nevertheless, their effectiveness should be accurately assessed before being manufactured and used. In this sense, Virtual Reality (VR) could support the design and preliminary evaluation phases, using the Theory of Affordances to quantitatively verify if the EWSs are correctly visible, understood, and able to support users in fulfilling the evacuation goal. This work hence aims at comparing the efficiency of different EWSs in terms of the Theory of Affordances through a VR experiment involving more than 70 volunteers of different ages. The experimental setup focuses on three types of EWSs (punctual and photoluminescent; passive, continuous and photoluminescent; continuous and active) and lights-on, lights-off and smoke conditions in an educational building. Results mainly indicate that the passive EWSs receive a higher rating while supporting the direction selection, while the active EWS is more effective along mono-directional paths. The work also confirms the capabilities of the proposed combined affordances-based and VR-based approach, boosting future works and suggesting additional comparisons between real-world and VR experiments on emergency wayfinding tasks and systems.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/316128

A Rapid Survey Form for Users’ Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment in Risk-Prone Built Environments
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2022 . SEB 2022. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Romano, Guido; Bernardini, Gabriele; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer
Luogo di pubblicazione: Singapore
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The sustainable transition to resilient cities is linked to the evaluation of their citizens’ habits. Understanding the Built Environment (BE) use is fundamental to plan effective risk-mitigation strategies, and users’ features and behaviors deeply affect the way BEs are used. Recent studies are moving toward the definition of typological (idealized) scenarios—namely Built Environment Typologies (BETs)—for simulation-based analyses aimed at the assessment of real-life BEs safety and resilience. Rapid surveys are available to collect data on typological features and hazards/physical vulnerability factors, but not to adequately assess BEs users’ vulnerability and exposure to single/multi natural and human-related risks, and their spatiotemporal variability. Within this framework, this work aims at providing an expeditious survey form to quantify, collect and represent such data. The form is based on remote analyses for rapid evaluations of critical hourly/daily users-related conditions. Among BEs/BETs, the attention is here focused on squares, which represent meeting spaces par excellence and host main functions for communities. A real-world square (Piazza Duomo in Reggio Calabria, Italy) is selected for the form application because of its geomorphological and riskiness characterization in correlation with its previously defined BET type. Results are assessed through Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) resuming daily trends according to the users’ age, position and familiarity with outdoor and indoor areas. Promoted in the BE S2ECURe Italian Research Project, the form can also support safety planners and local administrations in simulation-based assessment and risk-mitigation strategies development.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/310648

Users' vulnerability and exposure in Public Open Spaces (squares): A novel way for accounting them in multi-risk scenarios
CITIES
Autore/i: Quagliarini, E.; Bernardini, G.; Romano, G.; D'Orazio, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Public Open Spaces (POSs) such as streets and squares, in our cities are characterized by spatio-temporal variations of users' vulnerability and exposure in view of the hosted social, governmental, religious, and commercial functions. Single or multi-risks conditions in POSs can hence vary over time. This work proposes a methodology to perform local-scale analyses on use patterns in real-world POSs, pursuing a quick-to-apply approach based on remote analysis tools and easy-to-apply surveys, to be also used by non-expert technicians. Main literature-based factors concerning users' vulnerability/exposure and methods for their collection are identified. Rules to define typological (that is recurring) scenarios are provided through specific key performance indicators relating to overall POS use and daily/hourly temporalities. The methodology capabilities are preliminary assessed through a sample of 56 squares in historic Italian cities, considering working days and holidays. Results trace the overall typological characterization of the squares sample adopting a “robust-to-outliers” approach, and provide bases for expeditious assessment of users' vulnerability and exposure scenarios. The typological scenarios can be then used to support rapid risk assessment actions in POSs by safety designers and local authority technicians, and employed as input in simulation-based analyses to include the users' features in the related evaluations.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/310647

Predict the priority of end-users’ maintenance requests and the required technical staff through LSTM and Bi-LSTM recurrent neural networks
FACILITIES
Autore/i: D’Orazio, Marco; Bernardini, Gabriele; Di Giuseppe, Elisa
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Purpose This paper aims to develop predictive methods, based on recurrent neural networks, useful to support facility managers in building maintenance tasks, by collecting information coming from a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS). Design/methodology/approach This study applies data-driven and text-mining approaches to a CMMS data set comprising more than 14,500 end-users’ requests for corrective maintenance actions, collected over 14 months. Unidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) recurrent neural networks are trained to predict the priority of each maintenance request and the related technical staff assignment. The data set is also used to depict an overview of corrective maintenance needs and related performances and to verify the most relevant elements in the building and how the current facility management (FM) relates to the requests. Findings The study shows that LSTM and Bi-LSTM recurrent neural networks can properly recognize the words contained in the requests, thus correctly and automatically assigning the priority and predicting the technical staff to assign for each end-user’s maintenance request. The obtained global accuracy is very high, reaching 93.3% for priority identification and 96.7% for technical staff assignment. Results also show the main critical building elements for maintenance requests and the related intervention timings. Research limitations/implications This work shows that LSTM and Bi-LSTM recurrent neural networks can automate the assignment process of end-users’ maintenance requests if trained with historical CMMS data. Results are promising; however, the trained LSTM and Bi-LSTM RNN can be applied only to different hospitals adopting similar categorization. Practical implications The data-driven and text-mining approaches can be integrated into the CMMS to support corrective maintenance management by facilities management contractors, i.e. to properly and timely identify the actions to be carried out and the technical staff to assign. Social implications The improvement of the maintenance of the health-care system is a key component of improving health service delivery. This work shows how to reduce health-care service interruptions due to maintenance needs through machine learning methods. Originality/value This study develops original methods and tools easily integrable into IT workflow systems (i.e. CMMS) in the FM field.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/315849

Influence of the rain on algae growth on building facades. A predictive model based on neural networks
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.; Gianangeli, A.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Rain affects the building envelope's durability, increasing the amount of water available on the surfaces due to the wind pressure. Water can activate and accelerate chemical and biological processes causing algae and cyanobacteria growth. The velocity of this process depends on several parameters, such as temperature, relative humidity (RH%), surface characteristics (i.e. roughness, porosity) and water availability on the building surfaces considering that algae and cyanobacteria fall into a latent state without water. Wind plays a significant role: it can push the rain against the facades, wetting them and increasing the growth speed. This paper analyzes the impact of rain on algae growth on building facades, considering wind influence, through a neural network (NN). Experimental data collected imposing different combinations of temperature, RH% and water availability on the surface, also due to rain and WDR, of 5 different porous materials (bricks) were used to train and test the NN. The NN was tested showing an accuracy of 82% (r-squared) in predicting algae growth concerning experimental data, based on the imposed parameters: wind speed, wind direction; air temperature; RH%; surface characteristics (porosity, roughness). Three different UE locations, characteristics of different Koppen-Geiger climates, and four different exposures for each location were selected. The application of the trained NN in different climates, considering different orientations, demonstrates that WDR is the main factor affecting microalgae growth. WDR can increase by more than two times the area covered by algae in a year, depending on the climate and the orientation.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/324751

Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis on Urban Heat Island Intensity Using the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) Schema: The Case Study of Athens
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2022
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; Bavarsad, Fatemeh Salehipour; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon commonly occurs in cities worldwide and may affect the health of millions of people, especially during heatwaves. To design and propose mitigation strategies, accurate urban microclimate simulation tools are needed but retrieving information for creating reliable models is often challenging. Sensitivity (SA) and uncertainty (UA) analysis can help to achieve valuable information and to produce informed decisions even in an uncertain scenario. However, to date, that are few studies that perform SA and UA on microclimate models. In the present study, the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) software has been used to apply SA and UA to the city of Athens, Greece. The urban model is established by considering the variation of input parameters that may occur within three of the most diffused Local Climate Zones (LCZ) in city centers. Results showed that the highest average Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) is obtained in LCZ2 followed by LCZ3 and LCZ5 (2.92, 2.78 and 2.60 °C, respectively). However, due to the overlapping of UHII output values among different LCZs, it is not possible to state with absolute certainty that a “lower” LCZ corresponds to a higher UHII in a specific city. The SA confirmed that LCZ parameters such as building surface fraction, aspect ratio and mean height of buildings are the most influential ones in this case study. The percentage of buildings with an operating Air Conditioning system is also a key parameter in LCZ2, which however is also among the most uncertain ones. Thus, this value is required to be well established in future research.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311811

Impact of Urban Morphology on Urban Heat Island Intensity in a Mediterranean City: Global Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis
Green Energy and Technology
Autore/i: Bavarsad Salehipour, Fatemeh.; Maracchini, G.; Di Giuseppe, E.; D'Orazio, M.
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Urban microclimate tools are used to estimate the magnitude of urban heat island (UHI) and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. However, acquiring information for creating reliable models is often challenging. Sensitivity analysis (SA) and uncertainty analysis (UA) can be effectively used to acquire information and make informed decisions even in uncertain scenarios. However, few studies still carry out SA and UA on microclimate models. This study used SA and UA techniques to evaluate the impact of urban morphology on the UHI phenomenon in the Mediterranean climate during a summer heat wave period in Rome, Italy. The urban weather generator (UWG) tool is used, coupled to SA and UA tools. The input parameters of four common local climate zones (LCZs) are used to develop the urban model. The UA results show that the highest urban heat island intensity (UHII) occurs in LCZ2, the densest district among the selected LCZs. The SA confirms that LCZ parameters such as the mean height of buildings, building surface fraction, and aspect ratio are the most influential ones in this study.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/323711

Energy Poverty and Heatwaves. Experimental Investigation on Low-Income Households’ Energy Behavior
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2022
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Global and local climate change increases the occurrence of extreme weather events such as heatwaves (HW), which in the next years will increase even more in both frequency and magnitude. This phenomenon strongly affects people’s quality of life due to societal, health, and environmental repercussions, but also the building sector, increasing energy use and deteriorating the indoor thermal environment. Low-income households are the most affected by health issues during HWs, since they may not own a proper air conditioning system, or not be able to sustain the energy costs for Air Conditioning (AC) use. Several works in the literature try to investigate the impact of HW on building thermal response and energy consumption. However, these works are mainly focused on numerical simulations and do not consider the possible different AC use behavior that may occur in extreme, rare events such as HW. Moreover, none of them consider the impact of HW in an energy poverty scenario. This work presents the results of a wide experimental campaign aimed at evaluating the impact of HW on energy consumption in an energy poverty scenario. The thermal response of two Italian social housing buildings was monitored. The results indicate that, during an HW, an exponential increase in consumption for cooling is observed, which is 4 to 8 times greater than that encountered in normal summer periods. This result highlights the importance of considering a real use scenario in evaluating the impact of HW on building energy consumption.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311810

Assessing People’s Efficiency in Workplaces by Coupling Immersive Environments and Virtual Sounds
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies book series (SIST,volume 336)
Autore/i: Latini, Arianna; DI LORETO, Samantha; DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa; D'Orazio, Marco; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Lori, Valter; Serpilli, Fabio
Editore: Springer
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The use of virtual reality (VR) to study the effect of the acoustic environment on performance is still in its infancy, despite its many potentialities due to audio-visual improvement. In this study, a binaural soundtrack was generated and integrated within an immersive virtual environment of an office room, to evaluate the effects of an acoustic ambient on users’ cognitive performance and subjective evaluation. To generate the soundtrack, five disrupting sound sources (phone rings,machine noise,mechanical systems, human-based sounds and acoustical effects) were selected. 104 participants performed three productivity tests (working memory, inhibition, task switching) and answered questionnaires under a constant indoor air temperature (24 °C). In particular, an independent measure experimental designwas conducted: each group (52 subjects) randomly performed one test session: a no-ambient-noise condition or «quiet environment» was compared to a treated-with-noise condition, or «noisy environment» virtual session. The authors focused on two goals: verifying the external-ecological validity of the virtual model created and evaluating the effect of the sound stimuli on productivity. Findings revealed that the virtual office created an excellent level of presence and immersivity and confirmed, as expected, that work efficiency was negatively influenced by the ambient noise. A decrease in performance was detected in each cognitive test, as the subject evaluated the sound environment to be uncomfortable, chaotic and boring. Hence, the results supported the potentialities of the proposed acoustic virtual reality to study productivity in combination with different stimuli and layouts.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311648

Immersive virtual vs real office environments: A validation study for productivity, comfort and behavioural research
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Latini, A.; Di Giuseppe, E.; D'Orazio, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The use of Virtual Reality (VR) to enhance research in the building sector is currently emerging, but validation studies are still limited. This work aims to provide a contribution in VR validation on comfort, productivity, and adaptive behaviour research in offices. 104 participants performed one test session in a real or a virtual room, three cognitive tasks and surveys (on immersivity, cybersickness, comfort, and intention of interaction). The validation process was addressed by evaluating the adequacy of VR in representing real-life scenarios and the benchmark of results. Findings confirmed the ecological validity of the model by an excellent sense of presence, graphical satisfaction, involvement, realism and low cybersickness levels. The absence of significant differences between the results on comfort, productivity, and behaviour, collected in the real and virtual settings, supported the criterion validity. Results highlighted the potentialities of applying VR to support a user-centred design and investigations on multi-domain comfort.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311809

Life Cycle Assessment of Mortars with Fine Recycled Aggregates from Industrial Waste: Evaluation of Transports Impact in the Italian Context
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: D’Orazio, Marco; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Carosi, Marta
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: An LCA study (based on ISO 14040, ISO 14044, and EN 15804 + A2 standards) was performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of two mortars incorporating recycled materials (composite and carbon dust) from industrial waste as fine aggregates. They were compared to “reference” mortars, with the same strength performance, entirely composed of raw natural materials. The aim was to advance knowledge on the performance of mortars with composite materials, especially deepening the impact of the phase of materials’ transport on life-cycle behavior. In this regard, the work was conducted in three phases. Firstly, the LCA was performed in a specific “local” production scenario. Then, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the influence of the uncertainty of input data on the variance of LCA outcomes. Considering the high sensitivity of results to transport distances, the LCA was finally extended considering several scenarios with increasing distances of aggregates’ transport. The results demonstrate that, for all of the eleven impact categories considered, mortars with recycled aggregates perform better than reference mortars, mainly due to the higher weight of natural aggregates. Even considering an extreme scenario, where natural aggregates are produced in the mortar factory (aggregates’ transport distances set to 0 km, for reference mortars), mortars with recycled aggregates are still convenient from an environmental point of view, if distances for providing industrial waste are lower than 200 km. The promotion of a circular economy perspective, with the settlement of a network of local recycled materials’ providers and users can then generate important nvironmental benefits.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311808

Development and application of an experimental framework for the use of virtual reality to assess building users’ productivity, comfort, and adaptive-behaviour
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Latini, Arianna; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The use of Virtual Reality (VR) to assess comfort, productivity, and behaviour in built environments is currently emerging. However, an effective and standardised methodology to support researchers in performing VR tests to collect reliable data is lacking. Thus, the study aims to develop a novel and comprehensive experimental framework for organising the application of VR in this research domain, based on five validity types: content, internal, face, ecological, and criterion validity. To illustrate its suitability and applicability, the framework was applied to a singledomain case study of a virtual office room. 52 volunteers were recruited to perform cognitive tests (Stroop test, OSPAN test, Magnitude-Parity test) and answer questionnaires. Tests and surveys have been developed to support the content validity of the research. Each test was performed under different thermal stimuli: 24 °C and 16 °C, randomly assigned, to pursue internal validity. The first goal was to demonstrate that the framework allowed the creation of highly immersive scenarios. Findings confirmed the ecological validity of the model with an excellent sense of presence, graphical satisfaction, involvement and realism and non- significant levels of cybersickness. The second aim concerned the evaluation of the ability of the VR environment to capture the influence of the temperature set point on the dependent variables. As expected, a statistically significant influence was detected only on thermal comfort votes and adaptive behaviour, thus supporting the criterion validity. Results highlighted the values and potentialities of applying the present framework in the context of the emerging multi-domain research in support of user-centred design.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/312728

Experimental evaluation of a water spray system for semi-outdoor spaces: Analysis of the effect of the operational parameters
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Coccia, G.; Summa, S.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M.; Zinzi, M.; Perna, Di
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: As a consequence of climate change, urban overheating has increased in all the cities of the world during the last decades. It is therefore paramount to counteract such effect by promoting the use of effective solutions to mitigate overheating at a micro-scale level. In this work, a modular experimental setup based on a water spray system was designed, realized and tested to evaluate its thermohygrometric performance in semi-outdoor spaces such as bus/train/taxi stops, street resting stations and corner shops. The setup allows to vary three operational parameters: (a) the height of the nozzles from the ground; (b) the presence of an upper shielding to reduce the impact of solar radiation; (c) the presence of a side shielding to reduce the impact of wind speed. The combination of the operational parameters allowed to evaluate the performance of five configurations for the water spray system. Several performance indexes were calculated to assess the impact of each operational parameter. It was found that the best configuration guarantees a −20% reduction of dry-bulb temperature, and the minimum specific water and electricity consumptions of the system are 0.020 L/m2 and 0.150 Wh/m2, respectively. Also, the presence of the side shielding is the parameter that mostly influences the performance of the system, followed by the height of the nozzles, while the presence of the upper shielding has a minor effect. These operational parameters, however, increase relative humidity inside the nebulization volume; it is therefore important to verify if undesired wet conditions are reached.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/317012

Automated priority assignment of building maintenance tasks using natural language processing and machine learning
JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
Autore/i: D’Orazio, M.; Bernardini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Building maintenance tasks to solve unpredictable faults typically start with written communications from end-users (e.g., emails). Technicians manually translate end-users’ requests in work-orders (WOs) assigning them a priority level and the needed staff typology. When the number of contemporary requests is too high, these actions can lead to the interruption of critical services and then possible safety issues. Machine Learning (ML) methods can be trained to automatize this process due to large databases of annotated requests. Nevertheless, natural language preprocessing is needed to apply ML methods because of the unstructured form of the requests. This work aims to verify how preprocessing impacts the ability of ML methods to properly assign priority to the requests. The research methodology combines four different text preprocessing approaches (e.g., symbols and numbers remotion, stop-words remotion, stemming, meaningful words selection) and five consolidated ML methods to classify WOs according to two different priority scales (binary, 4-classes). Accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 are calculated for each combination. Tests are performed on a database of about 12,000 end-users’ maintenance requests, generated for 34 months in 23 university buildings. Results show that strong preprocessing methods, usually performed to increase the effectiveness of ML, do not significantly improve the accuracy of the predictions. Moreover, they show that four of the five tested ML methods obtained a higher accuracy for binary classification and for high and mean priority classes of 4-classes classification. This means that ML methods are especially effective in a preliminary check of the most urgent requests. These results then encourage the use of ML methods in automatic priority assignment of building maintenance tasks, even if based on natural language unstructured requests. The ML can significantly speed up the interventions assignment process for the technical staff, thus improving the maintenance process especially in large and complex buildings organizations.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/317011

How Could Increasing Temperature Scenarios Alter the Risk of Terrorist Acts in Different Historical Squares? A Simulation-Based Approach in Typological Italian Squares
HERITAGE
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele; D’Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle How Could Increasing Temperature Scenarios Alter the Risk of Terrorist Acts in Different Historical Squares? A Simulation-Based Approach in Typological Italian Squares by Enrico QuagliariniORCID,Gabriele Bernardini *ORCID andMarco D’OrazioORCID DICEA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Heritage 2023, 6(7), 5151-5186; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6070274 (registering DOI) Received: 30 May 2023 / Revised: 26 June 2023 / Accepted: 3 July 2023 / Published: 6 July 2023 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Protection of Cultural Heritage from Natural and Manmade Hazards) Download Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract Squares in the urban historical built environment are public open spaces prone to the risk of terrorist acts, essentially because they are ideal soft targets and attract significant user densities. Risk assessment methods should consider how users behave in them, both before and during an accident (i.e., the evacuation process). In addition to squares’ morphology and layout, and considering that urban areas are more and more prone to the effects of increasing temperatures, outdoor climate conditions can alter the initial scenario. In fact, such conditions can lead users to gather in specific outdoor areas, where they can look for shadows and shelter. This work hence proposes a simulation-based approach to assess how differences in users’ behaviours in response to increasing temperatures and squares’ morphology can alter the risk of terrorist acts in an emergency evacuation. An agent-based model is developed to simulate the interactions between users, hazards and the historical built environment. The work considers four typological squares prone to terrorist acts since they host a special building attracting users in front of it. These squares are derived from the analysis of Italian historical contexts within the BE S2ECURe project. Users are generated in the public open space (thus, before the terrorist act) depending on the intended uses of the square and on the outdoor temperature, which is affected by the square’s morphology. Three different users’ behaviours are modelled to consider (or not) the effects of the outdoor temperature on users’ thermal acceptability levels in an increasing temperature situation. Then, two evacuation scenarios are simulated: (a) a general evacuation process, without attackers, as the baseline for the risk assessment; and (b) an armed assault with cold weapons, to define one of the most probable attack situations in open spaces. Evacuation performance indicators are developed to assess users’ risk. Preliminary verifications demonstrate the capabilities of the approach. The results show that higher differences in evacuation indicators are noticed in large and asymmetric squares, since their conditions highly affect the variability of users’ behaviours in response to increasing temperatures. At the same time, stronger safety behaviours in response to increasing temperatures could reduce emergency issues because they allow users to be more dispersed and initially placed farther from the attack area. Decision-makers could take advantage of the proposed approach and simulation tool, moving towards an effectiveness analysis of solutions to increase the thermal comfort of users in respect of the risk levels during an evacuation. Finally, applications to real-world scenarios are thus encouraged to compare such idealized results with effective conditions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/318971

Crossed Effect of Acoustics on Thermal Comfort and Productivity in Workplaces: A Case Study in Virtual Reality
JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Latini, Arianna; Di Loreto, Samantha; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco; Di Perna, Costanzo
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: During the last decades, virtual reality (VR) has been devoted to supporting research in the architecture, engineering, and construction sectors because of its ability to provide multisensory three-dimensional (3D) environments. However, the use of immersive virtual environments (IVEs) in the design of the built environment is still in its infancy, and it is limited to visually designed spaces. In addition, a fundamental challenge lies in improving the sense of hearing. The effective simulation of the built environment with an overall realistic perception will support designers when identifying the influence of design decisions and building acoustics on individuals, therefore, properly designing acoustic strategies. In this study, five disrupting sound sources were selected to create a binaural soundtrack that was integrated within a virtual office environment to evaluate the effectiveness of the model (i.e., ecological validity) and the effects of acoustics on user comfort and cognitive performance (i.e., criterion validity). Independent measure design research was employed. In total, 104 participants performed working memory, inhibition, and task-switching tests under quiet (Q) or noise (N) conditions when the indoor air temperature remained constant. The results showed that the modeled virtual office created an excellent level of presence and immersivity with no significant cybersickness disorders (i.e., ecological validity). Ambient noise disrupted work efficiency with a relevant decrease in performance in each cognitive test (i.e., criterion validity). The sound environment was assessed as uncomfortable, chaotic, and boring. In addition, it negatively impacted the subjects’ thermal comfort vote (TCV). These results suggested the adequacy of IVE when providing an accurate representation of the variables measured; therefore, it supported effective user-centered design analysis and strategies.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/312352

Evaluation of effectiveness and resources consumption of water mist spray systems in Mediterranean areas by predictions based on LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Di Perna, Costanzo; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Coccia, Gianluca; Summa, Serena
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: To counter the increasing urban overheating, climate adaptation solutions are proposed. Among them, water mist spray recently acquired particular attention, due to its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and versatility. However, spray devices require a large amount of water and energy to cool even limited areas, thus their environmental costs/benefits ratio should be carefully evaluated. This study analyses cooling benefits and resources consumption of mist devices in 11 cities within 3 climate contexts, through Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) trained with experimental data. RNNs predict the expected time series of thermal benefits and of energy and water consumptions, also considering different design solutions of devices. Results show that when sun/wind shielding is used in the sprayed area, or the height of nozzles is limited, higher cooling results are obtained. However, energy and water consumption are extremely high if misting systems are perennially active during the day. Considering all simulated conditions, the predicted average daily energy to obtain a unitary variation of the Mediterranean Outdoor Comfort Index is 4,17 Wh/m2, while the corresponding average daily volume of water is 0,56 l*h/m2. These results confirm the need for applications managed by control logics based on the acquisition of real-time climatic data to reduce the environmental loads.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/321132

Improving Cultural Heritage conservation: LSTM neural networks to effectively processing end-user’s maintenance requests
VITRUVIO
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M.; Bernardini, G.; Di Giuseppe, E.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Preventive conservation of cultural heritage can avoid or minimize future damage, deterioration, loss and consequently, any invasive intervention. Recently, Machine Learning methods were proposed to support preventive conservation and maintenance plans, based on their ability to predict the future state of the built heritage by collected data. Several data sources were used, such as structural data and images depicting the evolution of the deterioration state, but till now textual information, exchanged by people living or working in historical buildings to require maintenance interventions, was not used to support conservation programmes. This work proposes a method to support preventive conservation programs based on the analysis of data collected into CMMS (computer maintenance management software). In a Cultural Heritage building in Italy, hosting a University Campus, data about end-user’s maintenance requests collected for 34 months were analysed, and LSTM neural networks were trained to predict the category of each request. Results show a prediction accuracy of 96.6%, thus demonstrating the potentialities of this approach in dynamically adapting the maintenance program to emerging issues.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/314514

L’INGEGNERIA FORENSE PER LE COSTRUZIONI
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Zampini, Giovanni; Maracchini, Gianluca
Editore: Maggioli Editore
Classificazione: 3 Libro
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/296363

Permeable and ventilated roofs: an emerging solution for building comfort and climate mitigation in urban centers. The Project LIFE SUPERHERO
QUALIcer’22 – XVII Congreso mundial de la calidad del azulejo y del pavimento ceramico
Autore/i: Bonvicini, G.; Bignozzi, M. C.; D’Orazio, M.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; Maracchini, G.; Latini, A.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: During the last 15 years, the frequency and intensity of heatwaves have increased in all the EU. In response to warming cities, the growth in environmental impacts and global demand for building cooling are two of the most critical energy issues of our time. Many EU cities are already working on climate mitigation strategies, while urban adaptation is still a novel challenge and requires the urgent development of specific measures to change urban design and structures. Indeed, renovation of existing buildings and design of new ones has a great urban adaptation potential against the “heat” challenge. An effective sustainable and low-cost answer to cities and building overheating is using building “passive cooling” technologies, which allow reducing the temperatures of the building envelope and consequently of the surrounding air, rather than increasing energy demands from artificial cooling. LIFE SUPERHERO seeks to exploit a specific building passive cooling solution: the Ventilated and Permeable Roofs (VPRs) based on roof tile designed during the previous project LIFE HEROTILE. As the roof is the most exposed element to solar radiation, a “vented roof”, obtained through an air space between the installed roof covering and the roof sheathing, could limit the summer heat fluxing into the building, thus reducing roof and wall temperatures. This space reduces heat transfer and allows the roof to “breathe” and disperse the accumulated solar heat. If this ventilation is coupled to a “high permeability” of the roof tiles, it is possible to obtain a considerable increase in the cooling performance. However, current EU national regulations, standards, green rating systems and procurements in the building sector do not recognize the cooling potential of VPRs, mainly focusing on winter heating saving. In particular, there are two main barriers to overcome: the lack of specific policies/legislative frameworks and the lack of people's awareness of their potential. The goals of the project will be achieved: - by implementing a specific EU standard (ETA) and improving building environmental protocols and national building codes considering HBR (Herotile- Based Roof) benefits; - through two building demonstrators where the impact of HBR on occupants’ behavior will be monitored and consequently public and stakeholders’ awareness promoted; - by entailing the development of free LCA/LCC software, to facilitate the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies and action plans at a local level. LIFE SUPERHERO thus promotes a synergy between climate adaptation and mitigation actions. The VPR-HBR allows increasing building and city thermal comfort (adaptation) due to the limitation of external building roof temperature in hot seasons, thus reducing the Urban Heat Island phenomenon. The limitation on internal building roof temperature in hot seasons improves occupants’ comfort, entailing a reduction of cooling energy demand and GHG (Green House Gases) and accelerating the phasedown of HFC (Hydro Fluor Carbon) included in refrigerants (mitigation).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308821

Improving building maintenance through the natural language processing of end-user’s maintenance requests and LSTM neural networks: automatic staff assignment by category type
Memoria e Innovazione. Memory and Innovation
Autore/i: D’Orazio, M.; Bernardini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.
Editore: Edicom Edizioni
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308824

Ondate di calore e povertà energetica. Indagine sperimentale sulla risposta termica di edifici di edilizia sociale e sul comportamento energetico di famiglie a basso reddito
Memoria e Innovazione. Memory and Innovation
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: Edicom Edizioni
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308823

Tetto ventilato e permeabile con tegole in laterizio: l’innovazione di SUPERHERO
INGENIO
Autore/i: Bonvicini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M.; Latini, A.; Maracchini, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308841

Definizione di un framework sperimentale per l’uso di ambienti virtuali nello studio di comfort, efficienza lavorativa e comportamento energetico degli utenti in edifici
Memoria e Innovazione. Memory and Innovation
Autore/i: Latini, A.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: EdicomEdizioni
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308822

Riaprire gli spazi della cultura. Valutare l'efficacia dei protocolli di sicurezza COVID-19
ANANKE
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311767

Evaluation of the impact of climatic and macroeconomic scenarios on the convenience of "nearly zero energy" building renovations: application of a stochastic LCC approach to a reference building
2030 c.C. Proiezioni future per una progettazione sostenibile
Autore/i: DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa; Maracchini, Gianluca; D'Orazio, Marco
Editore: Gangemi Editore International
Luogo di pubblicazione: Roma
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The energy retrofit of the existing building stock is an urgent imperative if we consider the need to limit the consumption of fossil sources and to reduce “energy poverty” triggered by the increase in energy prices. These topics were recently evidenced by the fragility of the economic system following the Russian-Ukrainian war event at the beginning of 2022. Long-term national strategies to support the renovation of the EU building stock must carefully evaluate solutions to reduce the actual financial gap between the «minimum requirements» and the «nearly Zero» energy performance levels to push a deep renovation of buildings. However, the design of specific policies to bridge this gap must take into account the volatility of the macroeconomic environment during the life-cycle of the building. Standardized Life Cycle Costing (LCC) methods disregard the long-term uncertainty affecting the macroeconomic variables and consequently misrepresent the associated risk on the economic convenience of building renovation. The present work then applies a “stochastic” approach to LCC to analyze the impact of future possible macroeconomic scenarios on the economic affordability of building retrofit solutions. The stochastic LCC is applied to a case study represented by several renovation options of a reference building located in different Italian climate areas. Results show that the Global Costs of different retrofit solutions and the financial gap between «minimum requirements» and «nearly Zero» renovations are strongly influenced by the underlying macroeconomic environment. A widespread application of this approach and greater consideration of the volatility of economic parameters would allow establishing specific funding schemes and financing instruments to push a real “renovation wave” of EU buildings.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308801

Improving Cultural Heritage conservation: LSTM neural networks to effectively processing end-user’s maintenance requests
ReUSO - Documentation, Restoration and Reuse of Heritage - Book of Extended Abstracts
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Bernardini, Gabriele; DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/312353

SCENARI MULTI-RISCHIO NELLE PIAZZE DEI CENTRI STORICI: CARATTERIZZAZIONE TIPOLOGICA DEI FATTORI SPAZIO-TEMPORALI LEGATI AGLI UTENTI
Colloqui.AT.e 2022 - Memoria e Innovazione
Autore/i: Romano, Guido; Bernardini, Gabriele; D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico
Editore: Edicom edizioni
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Squares are open spaces of considerable importance in the urban built environment, often hosting functions of social and community importance. In historical centres, these attractive features are added to constructive/morpho-typological factors of outdoor areas and facing buildings, implying more complex contexts for users. Moreover, users’ numbers and types (e.g. in terms of age and familiarity with the built environment) vary over time according to the built environment fruition, thus dynamically affecting the risk in case of an emergency because of variations in exposure and individual vulnerability. Deriving typological trends exposure and individual vulnerability at hourly and daily scales can support single and multi-risk assessment and mitigation tasks because it can help safety designers in detecting recurring and critical conditions of use of the square. This work proposes a quick method to this end, based on the identification, through remote and open-access tools and repositories, of areas and functions of the square, both indoors and outdoors, and so of exposure and individual vulnerability issues. Significant users’ types are identified, by characterizing their position, number, and main features hourly, in working days and holidays, without considering mass gatherings inducing overcrowding. The method is then applied to a sample of 56 squares of Italian historic centres, to derive typological trends for the whole sample by quantifying, for the first time: users’ outdoor densities; ratio between users unfamiliar and familiar with the built environment; users’ percentage depending on their position (indoor/ outdoor); users’ percentage depending on their age. Results on the application sample point out morning hours as the most critical scenarios for exposure and individual vulnerability, especially on working days. Afternoon hours are critical too in holidays, in view of the social importance of the squares for leisure mainly affecting users’ density. Thus, these conditions represent priority scenarios in a multi-risk perspective, to be faced with more detailed evaluations, also by using emergency simulators.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/309001

BEMCalibration Tool
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 5 Altro
Abstract: The software allows the automatic calibration of dynamic energy models of buildings in IDF (EnergyPlus) format through the use of sensitivity analyses and genetic algorithms.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/298192

Immersive Virtual vs. Real Environment: a validation field-study to assess occupants’ work productivity and comfort
TEMA
Autore/i: Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Latini, Arianna; Di Perna, Costanzo; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In order to maximise occupants’ well-being and work efficiency, keep satisfying environmental conditions, and minimise costs and impact related to the operative and energy use, a “human-centric” approach is more and more pursued in buildings’ design and performance assessment. In this context, the use of Virtual Reality (VR) is emerging due to its advantages (low cost, repeatability, and speed of execution) compared to physical study settings. However, in Immersive Virtual Environments (IVE), it is important to ensure that data represented and collected faithfully replicate the physical environments. In order to provide a further contribution in terms of IVE validation process in the building field, this research presents results from an experimental study, where subjects’ performance tests and comfort assessments were compared in real and virtual office settings under three different walls colour layouts and two air temperature levels. “Internal”, “ecological” and “construct” validity of the IVE have been demonstrated. Findings revealed no statistically significant differences in productivity and sensation votes and in the impact of colour and temperature variables. Results then highlight a strong agreement of the two tested environments, revealing that VR is a potentially reliable tool to measure its real counterparts in terms of occupants’ productivity, perception, and behaviour under different test conditions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/303999

Leaving or Sheltering? a Simulation-Based Comparison of Flood Evacuation Strategies in Urban Built Environments
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
Autore/i: Quagliarini, E.; Romano, G.; Bernardini, G.; D'Orazio, M.
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: When sudden-onset disasters occur in the urban Built Environment (BE), people must quickly leave the dangerous areas to reach safety. Floods in urban BEs surely represent a critical emergency, especially considering users who cannot evacuate upstairs, such as those placed outdoor. Management strategies focused on the evacuation planning could increase the users’ safety in a flexible but effective manner. This study compares two evacuation strategies in typological BEs through a simulation-based methodology based on the evacuation process analysis. The first strategy considers that users leave the BE, thus moving away from the source of danger flood. The second strategy adopts gathering areas positioned where the risk is lower, thus sheltering-in-place for the BE users. These strategies are tested considering fluvial flood conditions in four typological BEs, characterized by different layout in terms of streets and squares positions. The simulation-based methodology represents pedestrian evacuation under the two considered strategies depending on the hydrodynamic conditions of the BEs. Comparisons between evacuation time, flows, path length and the users’ risk depending on floodwater conditions (in terms of depth and speed) are provided. Results show that sheltering strategies can increase the users’ safety in each typological BEs, and mainly in case of the proximity between the square and the river. For instance, the users’ risk is generally reduced up to − 70%. These findings suggest that effective interventions should be designed to support the users toward “sheltering” areas, by increasing they awareness on the evacuation plan, and implementing wayfinding signs and raised platforms in the BE.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/292670

Numerical Assessment of the Impact of Roof Albedo and Thermal Resistance on Urban Overheating: A Case Study in Southern Italy
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
Autore/i: Bavarsad, Fatemeh; Di Giuseppe, E.; D'Orazio, M.
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Urban heat island (UHI) and global warming effects increase the urban ambient temperature. During recent years, heat mitigation strategies have been implemented through experiments and simulations due to the significant impacts of these phenomena, especially on near-surface air temperature. UHI mitigation may help cities adapt to the future effects of increasing local air temperature, which are crucial especially in tropical cities. The impact of increasing roof albedo as a UHI mitigation strategy coupled to roof renovation with different performance levels was evaluated in the center of Palermo (Italy) as a case study. To this aim, ENVI-met (version 4.4.5) was used. In addition, three different thermal transmittance scenarios and four albedo scenarios (from 0.1 to 0.9) related to roofs were compared to simulate the efficiency of the roofs at the peak hour on the hottest day of a typical summer heatwave in terms of reduction in air temperature. Based on the results, changing the albedo of the roofs in the selected area led to a decrease in air temperature. The most obvious temperature drops of 0.37 °C were recorded in the scenario where the non-insulated roof was applied, while it was around 0.20 °C in other scenarios. Finally, changing roof albedo can have a limited impact on UHI if coupled with high roof thermal resistance.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/296342

Modelling microalgae biofouling on porous buildings materials: a novel approach
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
Autore/i: Quagliarini, E; Gregorini, B; D'Orazio, M
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: A correct assessment of microalgae growth on porous building materials (i.e.: fired bricks, sandstones and limestones) can provide a useful tool for researchers and practitioners. In fact, it may help predicting the biofouling damage extension and it can assist the experts in a correct planning of maintenance interventions to limit costs. The literature regarding such issue outlined the Avrami's model as the most recurrent one, even considering the influence of biocidal treatments on the substrate. However, it seems to have some limitations when the growth is very fast or, conversely, when the latency time is extended over the time. Therefore, a different modelling approach is here proposed, by using the logistic function (extensively used i.e. in population growth). Results reveal that the logistic function seems to succeed in better modelling the available experimental data. Moreover, it seems to overcome the limits of the Avrami's model, as well as to be less influenced by the main drivers of microalgae growth, such as porosity and roughness of the substrate, biocides treatments and environmental conditions (temperature).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/314748

Anthracycline-Free Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Real-Life Use of Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab and Taxanes Association with an Exploratory Analysis of PIK3CA Mutational Status
CANCERS
Autore/i: Irelli, A.; Parisi, A.; D'Orazio, C.; Sidoni, T.; Rotondaro, S.; Patruno, L.; Pavese, F.; Bafile, A.; Resta, V.; Pizzorno, L.; Ciuffetelli, V.; Dalmas, A.; Calvisi, G.; Di Sibio, A.; Marzullo, A.; Zelli, V.; Compagnoni, C.; Tessitore, A.; Alesse, E.; Ficorella, C.; Cortellini, A.; Cannita, K.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: HER2 is considered one of the most traditional prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer. Literature data confirmed that the addition of pertuzumab to a standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy backbone (either with or without anthracyclines), in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer (EBC), leads to a higher pathological complete response (pCR) rate, which is known to correlate with a better prognosis. In this retrospective analysis, 47 consecutive patients with HER2-positive EBC received sequential anthracyclines and taxanes plus trastuzumab (ATH) or pertuzumab, trastuzumab and docetaxel (THP). Despite the limited sample size, this monocentric experience highlights the efficacy (in terms of pCR) and safety of THP in the neoadjuvant setting of HER2-positive EBC as an anthracycline-free approach. Given the role of PIK3CA as a prognostic and therapeutic target in breast cancer, tumors were also analyzed to assess the PIK3CA mutational status. Thirty-eight out of forty-seven patients were evaluated, and PIK3CA variants were identified in 21% of tumor samples: overall, one mutation was detected in exon 4 (2.6%), two in exon 9 (5.3%) and four in exon 20 (10.5%). Of note, one sample showed concurrent mutations in exons 9 (codon 545) and 20 (codon 1047). Among patients reaching pCR (n = 13), 38.5% were PIK3CA mutants; on the other hand, among those lacking pCR (n = 25), just 12% showed PIK3CA variants. Regarding THP-treated mutant patients (n = 5), 80% reached pCR (three hormone-receptor-negative, one hormone-receptor-positive). Interestingly, the only patient not achieving pCR had a tumor with two co-occurring PIK3CA mutations. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence about the efficacy and good safety profile of THP, compared to the ATH regimen, as an anthracycline-free neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive EBC. Further studies on larger/multicentric cohorts are planned for more in-depth analysis to confirm our molecular and clinical results.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/328599

Simplified flood evacuation simulation in outdoor built environments. Preliminary comparison between setup-based generic software and custom simulator
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele; Romano, Guido; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Floods are among the most destructive sudden-onset disasters affecting worldwide communities and society. Pedestrians can be forced to evacuate affected areas thus being exposed to multiple risks. Outdoor built environment flood risks analyses should be performed through rapid, easy, and sustainable tools to speed up and support risk assessment and mitigations. Custom evacuation simulators have been developed, but are generally used in research, are not user-friendly, and need high-level training. On the contrary, generic (e.g. commercial) software tools seem to be more suitable for low-trained technicians but should be modified to include human behaviors effects, especially considering the evacuation, when people's peculiar choices depend on interactions with floodwaters and built environment layout/composing elements. This work provides preliminary setups of a generic software tool to perform quick and sustainable assessments of pedestrians’ flood safety in outdoor spaces, using an easy-to-apply no-code modification approach to include flood peculiar behaviors. Simulation outputs of the setup-based generic software are compared with a custom simulator relying on the same modelling approach, and with real-world observations, using an idealized literature-based outdoor scenario. Results provide the best setup of the generic software to reliably represent evacuation phenomena, thus encouraging its future application also by local authorities.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/298061

Automatic detection of maintenance requests: Comparison of Human Manual Annotation and Sentiment Analysis techniques
AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M.; Di Giuseppe, E.; Bernardini, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In the building management process, the collection of end-users' maintenance requests is a rich source of information to evaluate occupants' satisfaction and building systems. Computerized Maintenance Management Systems typically collect non-standardized data, difficult to be analyzed. Text mining methodologies can help to extract information from end-users' requests and support priority assignment of decisions. Sentiment Analysis can be applied at this aim, but complexities due to words/sentences orientations/polarities and domains/contexts can reduce its effectiveness. This study compares the ability of different Sentiment Analysis techniques and Human Manual Annotation, considered the gold standard, to automatically define a maintenance severity ranking. About 12,000 requests were collected for 34 months in 23 University buildings. Results show that current Sentiment Analysis techniques seem to limitedly recognize the role of technical words for severity assessment of requests, thus remarking the necessity of novel lexicons in the field of building facility management for automatic maintenance management procedures.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/295881

Occupant density impact on building maintenance: Data-driven approach for university buildings
AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M.; Di Giuseppe, E.; Bernardini, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Building maintenance needs in public buildings depend on occupant activities and presence. Research should understand how different types of occupant density patterns can be used to forecast the likelihood of specific kinds of maintenance requests. This research adopts a data-driven approach to evaluate experimental-based correlations between maintenance work orders number (relating to a set of Italian university buildings as a relevant case study) and occupant density, thanks to exceptional conditions due to COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly altered building use. Results offer a power-law-based correlation model, confirming that the reduction of occupant density in the COVID-19 lock-down phases impacted the number and perceived severity, but not the typologies, of maintenance work orders. The retrieved correlation model occupant could be directly used to define and prioritize maintenance strategies given occupant density. Future research could use the model to define outsourcing and contract definitions starting from historical data on maintenance actions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/304359

COVID-19 LESSON ON FACILITY MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS
REHABEND 2022 - EURO-AMERICAN CONGRESS ON CONSTRUCTION PATHOLOGY, REHABILITATION TECHNOLOGY AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT
Autore/i: D’Orazio, Marco; Bernardini, Gabriele; Di Giuseppe, Elisa
Editore: Círculo Rojo
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The emergence caused by the COVID-19 pandemic caused a strong impact even on people interaction with building environments. Public buildings were closed, while the regular access to public and private offices, industries and schools were significantly limited, requiring a quick transition towards different organizations. To reduce the number of people inside the buildings, web services were enhanced, and the practice of smart-working was extended. Nevertheless, during the pandemic, most buildings were normally left open, to allow the regular functioning of the services necessary to ensure smart-working and the necessary changes to HVAC systems to improve ventilation. Pandemic obliged facility managers to change operational and maintenance plans, mainly given the increase of HVAC requirements and the reduction of other types of services, with an important impact on building Operation and Maintenance (O&M) cost and previously defined maintenance strategies. This contribution analyses the impact of the pandemic on operation and maintenance activities on 20 buildings, part of the building stock of Università Politecnica delle Marche (Italy), using data mining approaches. About 12000 end-users’ maintenance requests, generated after and during the different phases of the pandemic, were analysed and information about the change in facility management (FM) activity was collected, to understand how the postpandemic use scenario will impact the O&M (type and amount) and consequently how to improve FM outsourced contracts.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/305823

Impact of Occupants’ Behavior Uncertainty on Building Energy Consumption Through the Karhunen-Loève Expansion Technique: A Case Study in Italy
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; Di Giuseppe, E.; D'Orazio, M.
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: In Europe, the building sector is liable for 40% of the entire energy consumption (EC) and 35% of the total greenhouse emission. Building energy performance simulation (BEPS) tools are fundamental to assess the EC of both new buildings and energy retrofit intervention, and to verify the reaching of the requirements set by the national building energy standards. However, the results obtained from these tools are often unreliable due to the different assumptions that must be made in case of data input uncertainty, generating a “performance gap” between observed and predicted EC. Occupants’ behavior (OB) is one of the most difficult parameters to be estimated since affected by high uncertainty that may strongly affect the numerical results. However, the most recent BEPS tools neglect the existing uncertainty by modeling the occupant behavior through deterministic hourly-defined profiles. For this reason, in this work, the impact of OB uncertainties on EC is evaluated by applying a Karhunen-Loève Expansion (KLE) on deterministic hourly defined profiles. A typical Italian residential building is modeled and calibrated on EC data. Then, occupancy behavior-related profiles, such as heating setpoint, internal thermal loads, and windows opening, are randomly perturbed using the KLE technique. The results demonstrate that the heating setpoint patterns uncertainty has the highest impact on EC. Moreover, the more the energy performance of the building, the higher the impact of heat gains and losses caused by OB.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294384

Effect of pore modulating additives-sepiolite and colloidal nano silica-on physical, mechanical and durability properties of lime-based renders
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
Autore/i: Stazi, Francesca; Corinaldesi, Valeria; Capotondo, Ylenia; Porcarelli, Ilaria; DI PERNA, Costanzo; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/304900

Impact of Climate and Economic Scenarios on the Global Costs of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings Renovations. A Stochastic LCC on a Reference Multi-story Building
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
Autore/i: Di Giuseppe, E.; Maracchini, G.; D'Orazio, M.
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: National long-term building renovation strategies should reduce the actual financial gap between nearly Zero Energy (nZE) and “minimum energy requirement” levels, to enlarge the impact of buildings’ energy saving on climate neutrality. However, the design of specific policies to bridge this gap strongly depends on the long-term expected value and volatility of the macroeconomic environment during the building's lifetime. Standardized Life Cycle Costing methods disregard the long-term uncertainty affecting the macroeconomic variables and consequently misrepresent the associated risk on the economic convenience of building renovation. The present work applies a “stochastic” approach to LCC on alternative renovation options of a reference building located in different Italian climate areas towards the nZE target. The analysis focuses on the analysis of the impact of alternative macroeconomic scenarios on the investment gap between the “cost-optimal” and the nZE solutions. A widespread application of this methodology in the context of the European “Cost-Optimal” framework would allow establishing specific funding schemes and financing instruments to push a real “renovation wave” of EU buildings.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294385

Il BIM nelle simulazioni energetiche di edifici: interoperabilità nel processo BIM-to-BEM
COSTRUIRE IN LATERIZIO
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: L’articolo evidenzia le potenzialità, i limiti e le problematiche dei processi di trasformazione “BIM-to-BEM”, ovvero da modelli BIM a modelli per l’analisi della prestazione energetica degli edifici
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/292214

Un nuovo strumento per analisi di incertezza e sensibilità su strategie di mitigazione del fenomeno Isola di Calore Urbana
Design and construction - Tradition and innovation in the practice of architecture. Progetto e Costruzione - Tradizione ed innovazione nella pratica dell’architettura
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; Latini, A.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: Edicom Edizioni
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: In relazione alla crisi climatica globale, diverse aree urbanizzate del pianeta registrano sempre più intensi fenomeni di ondate di calore estive e di surriscaldamento rispetto alle aree verdi circostanti (fenomeno dell’Isola di Calore Urbana, UHI). Nei decenni futuri, con il progressivo innalzamento della temperatura media del globo, sarà quindi necessario un crescente impegno per la progettazione di strategie di mitigazione e adattamento in grado di rendere le città più vivibili e resilienti ai cambiamenti climatici in atto. A questo proposito, la modellazione del clima urbano è un tema di ricerca in crescente sviluppo. Diversi modelli sono stati realizzati, implementati in strumenti di calcolo e sempre più ampliamente utilizzati come metodi predittivi del microclima urbano o come veri e propri strumenti decisionali per valutare l’impatto di alternative progettuali. Il presente studio intende contribuire all’avanzamento della ricerca, presentando un codice di calcolo sviluppato dagli autori che, accoppiato al software Urban Weather Generator, consente di realizzare analisi di incertezza e sensibilità sui risultati. Per dimostrarne le potenzialità, ne viene presentata l’applicazione su tre casi studio, ovvero porzioni urbane delle città di Roma, Barcellona e Vienna, in cui vengono confrontate diverse strategie di mitigazione del fenomeno UHI. I risultati evidenziano come il calore antropogenico originato dagli impianti di raffrescamento risulti essere il parametro con maggiore influenza sull’UHI nei casi studio investigati, mentre l’incremento dell’albedo dei materiali costruttivi non si rivela sempre una strategia di mitigazione efficace. I risultati sottolineano la necessità, per progettisti e decisori, di valutare gli effetti delle strategie di mitigazione della UHI in relazione alle specificità di ogni area urbana, e non di adottare soluzioni standard. A tal fine, lo strumento di analisi di incertezza e sensibilità sviluppato, si rivela efficace e con limitati oneri computazionali.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/292217

COVID-19 impact on end-user's maintenance requests. A text mining approach
3RD BUILDING AND MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Bernardini, Gabriele; DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa
Editore: Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic changed our way of working, limiting the usual physical attendance of working spaces. Despite the drastic reduction in the number of daily users due to the pandemic restrictions, working buildings were often kept open to provide services to internal and external users. Pandemic obliged to change operation and maintenance (O&M) plans, due to the increase of ventilation requirements and the reduction of other types of services, with a strong impact on cost and management. Now the pandemic is reducing its effects and is time to question the future asset of buildings’ O&M plans, based on the pandemic lesson. Data collected by Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) during COVID-19 then become an important source of understanding the future management of working places. End-users’ maintenance requests are usually expressed by natural language, then a text mining approach can be a useful tool to discover hidden knowledge from unstructured data stored in CMMS. This study applies text mining methods, including sentiment analysis, to the field of building maintenance, with the scope to evaluate how COVID-19 changed some aspects of the facility management process, including users’ perception.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294451

Valutazione sperimentale dell’efficacia della Realtà Virtuale come strumento di analisi del benessere di individui in ambienti lavorativi: effetti del colore su produttività e comfort
Design and construction - Tradition and innovation in the practice of architecture. Progetto e Costruzione - Tradizione ed innovazione nella pratica dell’architettura
Autore/i: Latini, A.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M.; DI PERNA, C.
Editore: Edicom Edizioni
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Ogni scelta progettuale ha un impatto sul benessere degli occupanti all’interno degli edifici. Tuttavia, comprendere l’impatto delle possibili soluzioni di design rischia di essere oneroso a causa delle risorse, in termini di tempi e costi, necessarie per creare modelli fisici di valutazione del benessere che, oltretutto, forniscono solo correlazioni generali e non specifiche per i singoli casi di studio. Un passo in avanti a riguardo è stato intrapreso con l’introduzione di ambienti virtuali nei processi di progettazione, in grado di orientare le scelte di design, agevolare alternative e modifiche in tempo reale. L’applicazione di ambienti virtuali immersivi (Immersive Virtual Environment, IVE) a supporto della progettazione e dello studio dell’ergonomia si presenta ancora come un settore poco esplorato. Per questo, l’obiettivo del presente studio è quello di valutare l’efficacia della realtà virtuale (Virtual Reality, VR) come strumento per sostituire le prove fisiche di laboratorio nell’ambito dello Human Factors/Ergoomics (HFE). In particolare, la VR è stata utilizzata per valutare l’impatto del colore di ambienti di lavoro sulla produttività e sul comfort termico e visivo degli occupanti, anche a confronto con prove in ambiente reale. L’attività sperimentale ha coinvolto 23 partecipanti, e le prove si sono svolte in inverno, in ambiente reale e virtuale, in due condizioni climatiche ambientali (17°C e 22°C) e variando il colore delle pareti dell’ambiente ufficio (rosso, bianco e blu). Ai soggetti è stato chiesto di svolgere un compito di produttività e valutare il proprio comfort termico e visivo tramite dei questionari. I risultati di questo studio sperimentale hanno rivelato che l’ambiente virtuale è uno strumento promettente per studiare performance e benessere degli occupanti sebbene siano necessari ulteriori approfondimenti.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/292216

Fruibilità di edifici pubblici durante eventi pandemici: un modello multi-agent
Colloqui.AT.e 2021-Design and construction. Tradition and innovation in the practice of architecture
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico
Editore: Edicom edizioni
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/295283

Analisi sperimentale e numerica per la valutazione e il miglioramento delle prestazioni energetiche di un sistema costruttivo emergenziale in EPS-rinforzato
Design and construction. Tradition and innovation in the practice of architecture
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M; Maracchini, G
Editore: EdicomEdizioni
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Negli ultimi decenni, stiamo assistendo ad un costante aumento di emergenze umanitarie causate da conflitti, disastri naturali e pandemie. Tali eventi hanno evidenziato la necessità di sviluppare sistemi costruttivi in grado di consentire la costruzione di alloggi temporanei e ospedali da campo in poco tempo. Tuttavia, progettati principalmente per brevi periodi di occupazione (due o tre anni), tali sistemi risultano spesso carenti in termini di durabilità, qualità ambientale interna e prestazioni energetiche. Nonostante ciò, non è raro che le persone finiscano per vivere in questi edifici per periodi prolungati, addirittura decenni. Pertanto, risulta sempre più evidente la necessità di promuovere lo sviluppo di tecnologie costruttive che, pur mantenendo le caratteristiche essenziali per rispondere all’esigenze emergenziali (rapidità di costruzione e trasportabilità), siano in grado di garantire un adeguato standard abitativo agli occupanti, consentendo il graduale superamento del concetto di temporaneità verso un’edilizia eco-solidale di maggiore qualità. Questo studio riporta alcune evidenze di un’ampia campagna sperimentale e numerica volte ad indagare e migliorare il comportamento termo-energetico di un sistema costruttivo leggero e innovativo, chiamato “Home Done”, appositamente sviluppato per interpretare ad un livello qualitativo più elevato la crescente domanda di edifici emergenziali e a basso costo. Le attività presentate si suddividono in sperimentali, volte a verificare eventuali problematiche di comfort interno data la natura leggera del sistema, e numeriche, volte, da un lato, a valutare le prestazioni energetiche in diversi contesti climatici e, dall’altro, a proporre strategie migliorative. Le misurazioni effettuate hanno rilevato problematiche di surriscaldamento degli ambienti, rendendo necessarie strategie di raffrescamento passivo nei climi caldi, data la necessità di contenere le installazioni impiantistiche ed i relativi consumi per tali tipologie di edifici. Le analisi numeriche hanno mostrato ottimi risultati sul piano dei consumi energetici, con possibilità di ottenere riduzioni importanti dei consumi energetici nei climi caldi mediante l’introduzione di uno strato interno termicamente inerziale.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294390

Ridurre la sopravvalutazione dei rischi associati a investimenti per l’efficientamento energetico: un approccio “probabilistico” a valutazioni dei costi nel ciclo di vita degli edifici
Progettare, costruire, conservare l’Architettura
Autore/i: D’Orazio, M.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.
Editore: Rubettino Editore
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/290595

HOW DO VISITORS PERCEIVE THE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE? EYE-TRACKING TECHNOLOGIES TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE FRUITION OF AN ARTISTIC-VALUED HYPOGEUM
TEMA
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Gregorini, Benedetta; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Sustainable strategies for Architectural Heritage reuse rely on preserving built environment features and maximizing visitors’ engagement. Occupancy issues can cause the degradation of building materials and surfaces, especially in isolated built environments, like hypogeum. The visitors’ presence affects indoor hygrothermal loads. Acceptable fruition models could provide number and timing for visitors’ access, but behavioral patterns should be assessed to evaluate if conservation-based assumptions can provide adequate users’ engagement. This work adopts technologies for detecting users’ behaviors and perception, applying it to a hypogeum characterized by high-valued reliefs on sandstone surfaces. Visitors’ numbers and times are defined to guarantee that thermal conditions do not exceed hypogeum natural fluctuations. Given this fruition model, in-situ experiments are performed to assess visitor’s perception of high reliefs and fruition patterns. Perception is investigated through a wearable eye-tracking system to point out which artifacts attract more attention and how. Fruition patterns are assessed in terms of users’ paths and engagement time in the hypogeum areas. Results show that the users’ attention is focused on better conserved and lightened high reliefs, suggesting the importance of lighting-design strategies for hypogeum reuse. The proposed fruition model can ensure satisfactory users’ engagement while guaranteeing adequate hypogeum thermal conditions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/298345

Ridurre la sopravvalutazione dei rischi associati a investimenti per l’efficientamento energetico
Progettare, costruire, conservare l’Architettura
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M; Di Giuseppe, E
Editore: Rubettino Editore
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/292215

Sustainable and resilient strategies for touristic cities against COVID-19: An agent-based approach
SAFETY SCIENCE
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M.; Bernardini, G.; Quagliarini, E.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Touristic cities will suffer from COVID-19 emergency because of its economic impact on their communities. The first emergency phases involved a wide closure of such areas to support “social distancing” measures (i.e. travels limitation; lockdown of (over)crowd-prone activities). In the “second phase”, individual's risk-mitigation strategies (facial masks) could be properly linked to “social distancing” to ensure re-opening touristic cities to visitors. Simulation tools could support the effectiveness evaluation of risk-mitigation measures to look for an economic and social optimum for activities restarting. This work modifies an existing Agent-Based Model to estimate the virus spreading in touristic areas, including tourists and residents’ behaviours, movement and virus effects on them according to a probabilistic approach. Consolidated proximity-based and exposure-time-based contagion spreading rules are included according to international health organizations and previous calibration through experimental data. Effects of tourists’ capacity (as “social distancing”-based measure) and other strategies (i.e. facial mask implementation) are evaluated depending on virus-related conditions (i.e. initial infector percentages). An idealized scenario representing a significant case study has been analysed to demonstrate the tool capabilities and compare the effectiveness of those solutions. Results show that “social distancing” seems to be more effective at the highest infectors’ rates, although represents an extreme measure with important economic effects. This measure loses its full effectiveness (on the community) as the infectors’ rate decreases and individuals’ protection measures become predominant (facial masks). The model could be integrated to consider other recurring issues on tourist-related fruition and schedule of urban spaces and facilities (e.g. cultural/leisure buildings).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/291493

A Software Tool for a Stochastic Life Cycle Assessment and Costing of Buildings’ Energy Efficiency Measures
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Baldoni, Edoardo; Coderoni, Silvia; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco; Esposti, Roberto; Maracchini, Gianluca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This article presents a novel software tool for the assessments of life-cycle environmental impacts and costs, which is aimed to support decision-making in the design phase of retrofit interventions in the building sector. By combining Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) calculations and functionalities, this tool allows evaluating the long-term trade-offs between economic and environmental performance of investment projects in energy efficiency for buildings, while accounting for uncertainties in input parameters and economic scenarios. A major novelty of the software tool is the stochastic nature of both the LCC and LCA dimensions. The LCA is implemented with Monte-Carlo methods, while the LCC accounts for the probabilistic interdependence of macroeconomic variables over time. The software also includes advanced specific tools for parametrization and sensitivity analysis. Exemplary applications are presented in order to illustrate the novelty and the functionalities of the software tool.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/291436

An empirical failure model to predict biofouling growth on fired bricks due to microalgae
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Quagliarini, E.; Gregorini, B.; D'Orazio, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to provide an empirical failure model predicting the microalgae growth on fired bricks surfaces. It was developed through a numerical fitting of experimental data present in literature. It considered the substrate properties related to biofouling (i.e. porosity and roughness) of different bricks under several environmental conditions (i.e. relative humidity and temperature). Results shows that the model is able to simulate the microalgae biofouling by explicitly taking into account such influencing factor. Finally, this empirical failure model is validated on a different dataset from literature and applied to time varying temperature.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/300380

Cognitive Buildings for Increasing Elderly Fire Safety in Public Buildings: Design and First Evaluation of a Low-Impact Dynamic Wayfinding System
Ambient Assisted Living. ForItAAL 2019
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Ciabattoni, Lucio; Quagliarini, Enrico; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer
Luogo di pubblicazione: Cham
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The progressive population ageing increases the participation of autonomous Elderly to the community life and their presence in public buildings. Such complex spaces are generally characterized by high occupants’ density, with different users’ types (including elderly) that additionally own a scarce familiarity with the emergency layout. Emergency safety levels (i.e.: fire) are significantly affected by man-environment interactions, especially for the hosted autonomous Elderly. Here, they tend to choose well-known paths, while group behaviours can provoke overcrowding and, hence, an increasing of the evacuation time. Cognitive Buildings can solve this issue, because they can suggest to people how to behave in relation to the monitored surrounding conditions. This study proposes a Cognitive Wayfinding System (Co-WayS) to be applied in such scenarios, with a low impact level. Co-Ways is composed by: individuals’ badges for their wi-fi tracking; building components including wi-fi tracking system and electrically-illumined signs (to dynamically address correct paths to evacuees); central processing unit to solve a density-based guidance algorithm for sign activation. Co-WaysS addresses the egress paths depending on monitored queueing conditions. A first validation in a significant public building is performed through egress drills. When using Co-WayS, the evacuation time decreases (−28%) while correct path choices (+17%) and individuals’ sign confidence (+58%) increases, with respect to standard signage.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/289489

From cost-optimal to nearly Zero Energy Buildings’ renovation: Life Cycle Cost comparisons under alternative macroeconomic scenarios
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
Autore/i: Baldoni, E.; Coderoni, S.; D'Orazio, M.; Di Giuseppe, E.; Esposti, R.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Policies and financial framework aiming to encourage energy efficient building renovations should contribute to “fill” the existing investment gap between Cost-Optimal (CO) solutions, that are more economically convenient, and nearly Zero Energy (nZE) solutions, which have the lower energy consumption, in order to make more convenient to the investors to choose the more energy efficient options. This investment gap depends on the long-term expected value and volatility of several interdependent macroeconomic variables. However, standardized LCC methods used for CO assessments disregard the long-term uncertainty and interdependence affecting these variables and, consequently, misrepresent the impact of the associated risk on the economic convenience. The present work aims to model alternative macro-economic scenarios where to carry out a “stochastic” LCC of predetermined building renovation solutions, in order to provide a useful and effective decision tool for building LCC, and especially to evaluate whether and how much the future macro-economic scenario could influence the investment gap between a CO and a nZE refurbishment solution. At this aim, we estimated the Vector AutoRegressive (VAR) models of four alternative macro-economic scenarios, ranging from a “regular growth” case to more extreme conditions as experienced by major western economies in the last decades, based on real data, i.e. observed time series. The scenarios modelling and its relation to the stochastic LCC is the main result and novelty of the work compared to the conventional approach adopted in most of the literature and suggested by international regulations and standards. The method is illustrated through a case study, which demonstrates the potential of the developed methodology in providing interesting and informative results on the nature of the investment gap between CO and nZE solutions, that the policy should contribute to fill in order to address the environmental challenge in the building sector, and on how much this gap may vary depending on the volatility of the macro-economic context. The novelty of the work mainly lies on the possibility to highlight in which specific macroeconomic conditions the convenience of taking an investment decision under risk-aversion may be jeopardised (augmented), thus requiring a stronger (weaker) compensating public support.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/287602

Numerical modelling and experimental validation of the microclimatic impacts of water mist cooling in urban areas
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
Autore/i: Di Giuseppe, E.; Ulpiani, G.; Cancellieri, C.; Di Perna, C.; D'Orazio, M.; Zinzi, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Among water-based mitigation strategies against urban overheating, dry mist systems are especially promising, given their local impact, cost-effectiveness and controllability. Intense cooling capacity has been reported under a variety of climates, however, there is a growing need to define specific design guidelines towards an informed and optimized use of the technology. Parametric analysis on validated models would assist in determining type and degree of correlation between key parameters, as well as magnitude and predictability of the cooling capacity. In this paper, for the first time, a 3D microclimatic model in ENVI-met is used to simulate a misting system installed in Rome, Italy, with high prediction accuracy for the air temperature (R2≃0.87, RMSE≃0.84 °C). The calibrated ENVI-met model is used then to perform parameterizations on the water mist system, focused on the role of three key design variables: i) water flow rate, ii) injection height and iii) local wind speed. Results show that the most significant thermal drops tend to occur close but out of the misted perimeter following the wind direction, with cooling effects further stretched for tens of meters. The cooling capacity increases with the total water flow rate (+0.2 °C per 10 l/h increment) and in presence of calm air (+35–40% per 0.8 m/s deceleration). Lower injections intensify the cooling a pedestrian height, which could be especially beneficial under windy conditions. Further research would target climate dependencies to extend the applicability of the above results and build up cohesive guidelines at the hands of urban planners and practitioners.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/286247

Human stability during floods: Experimental tests on a physical model simulating human body
SAFETY SCIENCE
Autore/i: Postacchini, M.; Bernardini, G.; D'Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Urban floods are becoming more and more intense and frequent allover the world. Extreme events are the main triggering factors of such floods, and merit attention for what concerns the urban planning and emergency strategies. Numerical models aimed at investigating the optimal paths for evacuees escaping a flooded urban environment may be used by local authorities to properly understand how to improve people safety and mitigate the flood risk. Implementation of empirical laws in such models to describe the people stability in flooded areas is thus crucial to understand the behavior of evacuees and rescuers during emergency conditions. Laboratory experiments have been undertaken using a physical model representing a human body at quasi-natural scale, towed by an electrical engine in the water at rest. This represents a novel laboratory approach which exploits a non-inertial reference frame in motion with the model. The experimental results, obtained using different combinations of water depth and flow speed, have led to empirical laws which outline the stability conditions occurring when either the model front or the model back faces the flow, these respectively corresponding to Backward Toppling Instability (BTI) and Forward Toppling Instability (FTI). Such laws have been found through comparison with reference literature works, using various statistical methods. The FTI condition has been seen to largely improve the human stability compared to BTI, in contrast to the results of previous literature works, which stated an overall similarity between the results of the two toppling conditions. To better understand the role of the water flow during the different tests, hydraulic forces and moments have been measured. It has been seen that dynamic and static effects are comparable during high-speed conditions, especially due to a relevant fluid-model interaction and an increase of the water-surface level, while dynamic effects are negligible during low-speed conditions. The results of the present contribution can represent an important step forward for the numerical models applied to the framework of urban and emergency planning.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/287664

A probabilistic model to evaluate the effectiveness of main solutions to COVID-19 spreading in university buildings according to proximity and time-based consolidated criteria
BUILDING SIMULATION
Autore/i: D’Orazio, Marco; Bernardini, Gabriele; Quagliarini, Enrico
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: University buildings are one of the most relevant closed environments in which the COVID-19 event clearly pointed out stakeholders’ needs toward safety issues, especially because of the possibility of day-to-day presences of the same users (i.e. students, teachers) and overcrowding causing long-lasting contacts with possible “infectors”. While waiting for the vaccine, as for other public buildings, policy-makers’ measures to limit virus outbreaks combine individual’s strategies (facial masks), occupants’ capacity and access control. But, up to now, no easy-to-apply tools are available for assessing the punctual effectiveness of such measures. To fill this gap, this work proposes a quick and probabilistic simulation model based on consolidated proximity and exposure-time-based rules for virus transmission confirmed by international health organizations. The building occupancy is defined according to university scheduling, identifying the main “attraction areas” in the building (classrooms, break-areas). Scenarios are defined in terms of occupants’ densities and the above-mentioned mitigation strategies. The model is calibrated on experimental data and applied to a relevant university building. Results demonstrate the model capabilities. In particular, it underlines that if such strategies are not combined, the virus spreading can be limited by only using high protection respiratory devices (i.e. FFP3) by almost every occupant. On the contrary, the combination between access control and building capacity limitation can lead to the adoption of lighter protective devices (i.e. surgical masks), thus improving the feasibility, users’ comfort and favorable reception. Simplified rules to combine acceptable mask filters-occupants’ density are thus provided to help stakeholders in organizing users’ presences in the building during the pandemic.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/288226

Flexible workflow for determining critical hazard and exposure scenarios for assessing slods risk in urban built environments
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Cadena, J. D. B.; Salvalai, G.; Lucesoli, M.; Quagliarini, E.; D'Orazio, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Urban Built Environments (UBE) are increasingly prone to SLow‐Onset Disasters (SLODs) such as air pollution and heatwaves. The effectiveness of sustainable risk‐mitigation solutions for the exposed individuals’ health should be defined by considering the effective scenarios in which emergency conditions can appear. Combining environmental (including climatic) conditions and exposed users’ presence and behaviors is a paramount task to support decision‐makers in risk assessment. A clear definition of input scenarios and related critical conditions to be analyzed is needed, especially while applying simulation‐based approaches. This work provides a methodology to fill this gap, based on hazard and exposure peaks identification. Quick and remote datacollection is adopted to speed up the process and promote the method application by low‐trained specialists. Results firstly trace critical conditions by overlapping air pollution and heatwaves occurrence in the UBE. Exposure peaks (identified by remote analyses on the intended use of UBEs) are then merged to retrieve critical conditions due to the presence of the individuals over time and UBE spaces. The application to a significant case study (UBE in Milan, Italy) demonstrates the approach capabilities to identify key input scenarios for future human behavior simulation activities from a user‐centered approach.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/300348

Exploring the use of immersive virtual reality to assess occupants’ productivity and comfort in workplaces: An experimental study on the role of walls colour
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
Autore/i: Latini, A.; Di Giuseppe, E.; D'Orazio, M.; Di Perna, C.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Virtual Reality application in holistic investigations for energy and cost-saving building design, aimed at humans’ well-being and performance, is still emerging and needs validation. In this study, tests in real and virtual scenarios of an office room were performed, investigating the impact of three walls colours (red, white, blue) and two indoor air temperatures (17–22 °C) on 23 participants’ work productivity (through a proofreading task) and thermal and visual sensations (through surveys). The first goal was the comparison of the results obtained in the real and virtual settings; the second one the assessment of the effect of walls’ colour and temperature levels on the mentioned variables in each environment. Statistical analyses were then performed “between groups” (Wilcoxon and t-tests, among datasets of the two environments) and “within groups” (ANOVA and Scheirer test, within each environment). The study revealed no statistically significant variations in productivity and sensation votes, thus supporting the suitability of VR as a proper research technology in this domain. The study also demonstrated no statistically significant effects of colour and temperature on productivity and comfort results within the tested settings. Future investigations should involve a wider range of temperatures and colours and address a wider subjects’ sample.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/296341

Thermal performance of a novel lightweight emergency construction system in different climates
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONFERENCE SERIES
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M.; Maracchini, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Prefabricated, lightweight construction systems, thanks to their quicker construction processes, cheapness, higher portability, and adaptability, are increasingly proposed all around the world as emergency architectures (after natural disasters, pandemics, etc.), and as affordable housing solutions in countries with increasing housing demand. Due to their low thermal inertia, however, these buildings are often characterized by poor thermal performance in hot climates due to indoor overheating. The possible application of passive cooling measures is often investigated to improve their thermal performance. Among others, cool materials present some advantages in terms of ease of application and costs. However, few studies investigated the impact of this passive strategy on the thermal performance of emergency buildings. For this reason, this work evaluates the impact of cooling materials on the thermal performance of a novel lightweight prefabricated construction system (HOMEDONE) based on the assembly of reinforced-EPS panels. First, a numerical model of an experimental mock-up was created and calibrated on experimental data. Then, the thermal performance of a typical temporary housing solution was numerically evaluated under different climatic locations. Finally, the effectiveness of cooling finishing materials is investigated. The potential of cooling materials in reducing the energy demand for the studied construction system is then highlighted.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294386

Improving the livability of lightweight emergency architectures: A numerical investigation on a novel reinforced-EPS based construction system
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; D'Orazio, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In the aftermath of catastrophic events, lightweight construction systems are often used to build temporary emergency architectures. However, if suitable environmental control systems are not present, as may occur in post-disaster scenarios, these buildings provide poor indoor thermal conditions, especially in hot climates, which may jeopardize the occupants’ physical and mental health in case of longer periods of occupations. In these contexts, passive cooling techniques are the preferred strategies to improve the indoor thermal environment. However, only a few papers evaluated the effectiveness of these measures on emergency buildings, also considering calibrated simulations, different climates, costs, and operational feasibility. In this work, the thermal performance of a novel emergency construction system, still not sufficiently studied in the literature and based on the assembly of 3D-reinforced EPS panels, is examined. First, a numerical model of an experimental unit is calibrated on experimental data. Then, the thermal performance in hot and temperate climates of a reference building, recently adopted in emergency scenarios, is numerically evaluated and improved through passive cooling measures, i.e. shading, thermal buffering, natural ventilation, and cooling materials. Results show high summer thermal discomfort in all climates. The efficacy of the different measures depends on climatic contexts, with natural ventilation, combined with cool roof materials or blinds (for temperate and hot climates, respectively), providing the best trade-off between thermal comfort, costs, and feasibility. However, the summer indoor thermal discomfort cannot be completely reduced. This study helps decision-makers and people to correctly improve the living conditions and sustainability of emergency architectures.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294381

Occupants’ Behavioral Analysis for the Optimization of Building Operation and Maintenance: A Case Study to Improve the Use of Elevators in a University Building
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; Di Giuseppe, E.; D'Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.
Editore: Springer, Singapore
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The impact of the users’ behavior on the building performance is largely recognized, especially considering most of common building operation and management (O&M) tasks. Predictions of human-building interactions are essential to improve building efficiency by decreasing wastes and costs connected to O&M while satisfying the comfort level required by the occupants. At this regard, building technological systems, which status depends on the users’ movement inside the buildings, like elevators, represent one of the critical spots, especially in high-density buildings. According to a “user-centered” approach, this paper moves toward the assessment of behavioral drivers which can influence the use of elevators in public buildings to define a probability use model useful to set specific maintenance policies. In situ evaluations are performed in a university building, where flows of people are highly dependent on the indoor activities scheduled, as lessons. A multinomial logit model for the probability of elevators’ use is built depending on factors such as: floors number, movement in group, direction (upwards, downwards). Users’ fruition patterns in the university building are detected using eye-tracking techniques and questionnaires. Results show how the elevators’ use probability increases when the number of floors to cross increases, also because of perceived movement comfort, while individuals’ attention is mainly affected by posters and signage systems placed along the way. The model could be implemented in building simulation models, to predict the elevators use during the time under different circumstances, hence to optimize related O&M measures.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/286248

Teatri storici all’italiana e rischio incendio: soluzioni intelligenti e non invasive per il progetto
ANANKE
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/288306

Il progetto LIFE SUPERHERO sulle coperture in laterizio ventilate e traspiranti
COSTRUIRE IN LATERIZIO
Autore/i: DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa; Bonvicini, Giuliana; Chiara Bignozzi, Maria; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: As a consequence of Climate Change, during last 15 years the frequency and intensity of heatwaves increased in all EU. Many EU cities are already working on climate mitigation strategies, while renovation of existing buildings and design of new ones has a great urban adaptation potential against “heat” challenge. LIFE SUPERHERO aims to diffuse the use of the HEROTILE-based roof (“HBR”), a new building roof concept developed during a previous LIFE HEROTILE project, as a sustainable passive cooling technology by: (1) overcoming the existing legislative barriers; (2) demonstrating the impact of HBR use on occupants’ “green” behaviours; (3) providing a tool to assess HBR environmental and economic benefits. LIFE SUPERHERO promotes a synergy between climate adaptation and mitigation: the HBR allows to increase buildings thermal comfort (adaptation), while entailing a reduction of cooling energy and greenhouse gases(mitigation). To reach these goals a strong consortium has been set, including roof tiles Producers, Associations, Municipalities and Research centres working together to i) improve buildings environmental protocols considering HBR benefits; ii) monitor three buildings demonstrators where the impact of HBR on occupants’ behaviour will be shown; iii) entail the development of a free software for life cycle assessment, to facilitate the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies at local level.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/284419

Prestazioni e sostenibilità di coperture in laterizio ventilate: il progetto LIFE SUPERHERO
INGENIO
Autore/i: Latini, A.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; Bonvicini, G.; D’Orazio, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308842

Approcci probabilistici alla valutazione dei costi globali di interventi di miglioramento sismico di edifici
New Horizons for Sustainable Architecture - Nuovi orizzonti per l’architettura sostenibile
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; Stazi, F.; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: Edicom Edizioni
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Il patrimonio edilizio europeo risulta costituito per più del 40% da edifici costruiti prima degli anni ‘60, i quali comportano elevati costi di gestione ordinaria, energetici e manutentivi, nonché il rischio di subire danni considerevoli in occasione di eventi sismici. Al fine di consentire una transizione efficace verso una società più sostenibile e resiliente, risulta di fondamentale importanza promuovere politiche congiunte di riduzione del rischio sismico e del consumo di energia, nonché disporre di strumenti decisionali adeguati per la definizione della strategia di intervento più sostenibile sotto un profilo economico, ambientale e sociale. Negli ultimi decenni, le analisi dei costi nel ciclo di vita (LCC) sono diventate un valido strumento decisionale nel settore edilizio. Nel campo della riqualificazione strutturale, sono oggi disponibili diversi approcci LCC rivolti alla pratica professionale per il calcolo delle perdite economiche causate da eventi sismici, utili alla definizione degli incentivi economici per gli interventi di miglioramento. Tali approcci, tuttavia, risultano basati su notevoli semplificazioni oltre a non tenere conto dell’incertezza legata all’occorrenza temporale dei terremoti. A partire da un approccio “probabilistico” precedentemente sviluppato, questo studio valuta tramite un caso di studio la convenienza economica di interventi di miglioramento sismico alternativi, con l’obbiettivo di: confrontare le diverse metodologie di calcolo dei costi rivolte ai professionisti nel contesto italiano; valutare l’incidenza delle incertezze sull’occorrenza temporale di eventi sismici sul calcolo dei costi globali; determinare l’intervento strutturale ottimale in termini di convenienza economica e salvaguardia della vita. Il presente lavoro costituisce la fase iniziale di una più ampia ricerca volta alla valutazione dell’incidenza in analisi LCC di interventi di miglioramento sismico di incertezze legate a scenari sismici e macroeconomici futuri.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/286249

Nuove tecnologie progettuali per il riuso e la riqualificazione sostenibili di ambienti ipogei di valore culturale
Colloqui.AT.e 2020. Hew Horizons for Sustainable Architecture (Nuovi orizzonti per l'architettura sostenibile)
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele; Lucesoli, Michele; Gregorini, Benedetta; D'Orazio, Marco
Editore: Edicom edizioni
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/286267

Towards a user-centered framework to support proactive Building Operation and Maintenance: preliminary results of a communication platform between users and stakeholders
TEMA
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Users’ needs and behaviors can alter the building efficiency, thus leading to significant efforts to support Building Operation & Maintenance (O&M) tasks. This work develops the preliminary concepts of a framework for O&M including users’monitoring and engagement strategies. In the context of a complex university building, we developed and tested a users-stakeholders communication platform including a web-based application to report and check failures and damages to building’s components and devices.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/283650

Internal Insulation of Historic Buildings: A Stochastic Approach to Life Cycle Costing Within RIBuild EU Project
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings
Autore/i: Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Maracchini, Gianluca; Gianangeli, Andrea; Bernardini, Gabriele; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The application of internal insulation is a widespread and effective solution for energy renovation of historic buildings.However, it entails quite high installation costs and a certain risk of failure due to moisture-related problems. A probabilistic risk assessment of both hygrothermal performance and life cycle costs can be used to address internal insulation issue, in order to support riskmanagement and decisionmaking. This paper presents the application of a probabilistic approach to Life Cycle Costing developed within the EU project RIBuild (Robust Internal Thermal Insulation of Historic Buildings), to five internal insulations solutions widely used in Italy. The method provides estimates of the range and likelihood of global costs and payback periods, also considering alternative energy and future economic scenarios. The impact of insulation systems service life on global costs is also addressed, in order to highlight the possible connection of the method to a stochastic estimation of insulation systems durability based on hygrothermal and damage assessments.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/271390

Experimental investigation on the durability of a novel lightweight prefabricated reinforced-EPS based construction system
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Stipa, Pierluigi; Sabbatini, Simona; Maracchini, Gianluca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper investigates the durability of a low-cost construction system named HOMEDONE developed to realize affordable and also temporary housing solutions. The system is based on the assembly of 3D-reinforced EPS panels externally topped off with a multi-layer rendering system. Similar technologies showed durability issues, especially in hot climates, due to the thermal and hygrometric stresses of the thin finishing layers when coupled to thick EPS panels and exposed to extreme events. For this reason, in this work freeze–thaw and wet/drying-UV aging tests on HOMEDONE panels with different finishing systems have been carried out, monitoring macroscopic, microscopic (ATR-FT-IR analysis) and bond strength variations due to aging. Results have pointed out good mechanical properties of the system and only small color variations of the finishing layer due to UV cycles. Then, HOMEDONE can be considered as a durable option for affordable and temporary housing solutions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/277420

Sustainable fruition as a preventive conservation strategy for hypogeum artefacts
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.; Bernardini, G.; Gregorini, B.; Gianangeli, A.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: As well as valuable Building Heritage, hypogeum scenarios often host artefacts such as i.e. graffiti, paintings or low reliefs, but differently to them, they are characterized by very particular microclimatic conditions due to their isolation from the outdoor environment. This way, they are very susceptible to human impact due to visitors’ fruition that can cause or accelerate degradation processes. Strategies for preventive conservation of Cultural Heritage should balance Heritage conservation (i.e. building materials and surfaces, hosted goods and chattels) and public access (i.e. visitors’ fruition). In these scenarios, preventive conservation strategies are based on the definition of both interventions on technical installations (to restore or improve indoor environment conditions) and operative models for sustainable fruition (to diminish the impact of stressors on the Heritage). Combining such strategies is not viable in hypogeum environments, which can be hardly equipped by technical systems. To face with such issues, this work proposes a novel strategy for Heritage conservation inside hypogeum environments based on the joint combination between environment microclimatic characterization and visitors’ impact definition. The proposed strategy has been developed and tested on a significant case of study: Palazzo Campana's hypogeum (Osimo, Italy). This hypogeum is a typical example of man-made underground structure characterized by sandstone walls carved in artistic value high-reliefs. Currently, its walls have been becoming very friable and subsequently their surfaces have been exposing to harsh deterioration phenomena. The strategy firstly includes indoor temperature and relative humidity long-term monitoring by means of a real-time widespread sensors system, so as to evaluate microclimatic conditions and its admissible gradients. A novel visitors’ admissible impact is defined on these data, by considering visiting time and numbers of visitors so as to not alter the indoor climate conditions. Visitors’ access tests are then carried out to confirm the proposed visitors’ admissible impact. Results demonstrate the capability of the proposed combined strategies and the possible extension to other Heritage scenarios to reduce the impact of direct interventions and improve preservation aspects.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/286264

Combining conservation and visitors’ fruition for sustainable building heritage use: Application to a hypogeum
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
Autore/i: Gregorini, B.; Lucesoli, M.; Bernardini, G.; Quagliarini, E.; D'Orazio, M.
Editore: Springer
Luogo di pubblicazione: Singapore
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The exploitation of Building Heritage generally leads to sustainability issues in terms of environmental preservation and tourist enjoyment. When these requirements are not jointly respected, occupancy issues can provoke degradation phenomena on indoor environment (i.e., building materials and surfaces with artistic and historical value) or conditions of discomfort during visitors’ fruition. Hence, our research defines a combined strategy to solve at the same time both the issues: guaranteeing the conservation of Building Heritage (and its artefacts) while ensuring optimal visitors’ fruition tasks. The Building Heritage conservation is pursued by a monitoring campaign of ideal (undisturbed) indoor conditions and by the evaluation of the human presence effect considering thermal loads as main driver. The visitors’ fruition is analyzed by assessing individuals’ behavioral patterns in terms of attention given to the hosted artifacts (where and how the visitors’ attention is posed?), through a wearable eye tracking system. The strategy is applied to a hypogeum environment characterized by high reliefs on walls and vaults. This scenario is considered since its isolated hygrothermal conditions are strongly influenced by human presence. Results showed that the environmental preservation is reached when considering the fruition model proposed by the stakeholder. Furthermore, the eye tracking analysis revealed high-level of visitors’ engagement towards significant spaces only when exposed to adequate lighting conditions and/or in a good conservation state.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/278020

Towards the simulation of flood evacuation in urban scenarios: Experiments to estimate human motion speed in floodwaters
SAFETY SCIENCE
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; Quagliarini, E.; D'Orazio, M.; Brocchini, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Studies on flood risk assessment at urban scale are becoming increasingly oriented towards the use of evacuation simulation models for population's safety. However, such tools generally simplify human dynamics in floodwater conditions and need data to quantify proper individual's speed. Novel information on the above dynamics is here presented. A group of over 200 volunteers has been engaged in evacuation laboratory experiments carried out into an open channel. Results allow to estimate the pedestrian's isolated motion speed as a function of depth D [m] (in the range 20–70 cm) of floodwater, in both “walking” and “running” conditions. To this aim, experiments were carried out in still water. For each walking conditions and floodwater depth, correlations have been obtained between evacuation speed and age, individuals’ height, mass and body mass index. The existence of significant motion speed differences, depending on D, is underlined. In addition, general trends in evacuation speed reduction depending on the specific flood force per unit width M have been investigated and confirmed. It is also clarified how human physiology and kinematics (i.e. knee articulation) can induce specific speed-affecting effects depending on D. Such quantitative differences in motion discourage the use of fire or general-purpose databases for flood simulations, while such experimental data could be used as input for evacuation models to describe different evacuees’ walking types in evacuation procedure.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/276195

A Stochastic Approach to LCA of Internal Insulation Solutions for Historic Buildings
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco; Du, Guangli; Favi, Claudio; Lasvaux, Sébastien; Maracchini, Gianluca; Padey, Pierryves
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Internal insulation is a typical renovation solution in historic buildings with valuable façades. However, it entails moisture-related risks, which affect the durability and life-cycle environmental performance. In this context, the EU project RIBuild developed a risk assessment method for both hygrothermal and life-cycle performance of internal insulation, to support decision-making. This paper presents the stochastic Life Cycle Assessment method developed, which couples the LCA model to a Monte-Carlo simulation, providing results expressed by probability distributions. It is applied to five insulation solutions, considering different uncertain input parameters and building heating scenarios. In addition, the influence of data variability and quality on the result is analyzed, by using input data from two sources: distributions derived from a generic Life Cycle Inventory database and “deterministic” data from Environmental Product Declarations. The outcomes highlight remarkable differences between the two datasets that lead to substantial variations on the systems performance ranking at the production stage. Looking at the life-cycle impact, the general trend of the output distributions is quite similar among simulation groups and insulation systems. Hence, while a ranking of the solutions based on a “deterministic” approach provides misleading information, the stochastic approach provides more realistic results in the context of decision-making.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/274994

The role of wall layers properties on the thermal performance of ventilated facades: Experimental investigation on narrow-cavity design
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
Autore/i: Stazi, Francesca; Ulpiani, Giulia; Pergolini, Marianna; DI PERNA, Costanzo; D’Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In this paper we have investigated how different materials and thermal masses impact on the perfor- mance of ventilated facades with narrow cavities, by measuring the variation in terms of heat flows and ventilation efficiency. While geometry has been widely explored, the role of wall composition has re- ceived much less attention. To bridge the gap, three real-scale prototypes of ventilated facades were built and tested all over the year on a mock-up in Central Italy: (i) L, with a lightweight external enclosure, as a baseline reference, (ii) IM, with a massive layer enclosed in the gap and (iii) EM, with an external massive cladding. The results demonstrated that the EM solution more effectively mitigated the average surface temperatures (both external and internal), with values of –2 °C and –1 °C in summer and of –3 °C and –0.5 °C in winter, when compared to the L solution. Moreover, in the EM case, the ventilated cavity reduced both the incoming and outgoing heat fluxes, since the outer mass operated as a thermal buffer between the outdoor and the ventilation chamber. Conversely, the presence of an internal mass determined an increase of the heat transfer towards the indoor environment. The position of the thermal mass in the outer layer also increased the air velocity in the gap thus enhancing the stack effect.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/276216

Haloperidol for the treatment of opioid addiction in advanced cancer patients: a case series
JOURNAL OF ADDICTIVE DISEASES
Autore/i: Parisi, A.; Pensieri, M. V.; Cortellini, A.; D'Orazio, C.; Ficorella, C.; Verna, L.; Porzio, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Opioid addiction, if not well diagnosed and treated, can be a significant challenge for optimal pain management even in cancer patients. To date there is no definitive pharmacological standard of care for treating addiction, especially in this setting of patients. We present a clinical case series of three opioid-addicted advanced cancer patients, effectively treated with haloperidol, a well-known first-generation typical antipsychotic.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/328605

Riflettanza equivalente e comfort termico interno valutazione dei benefici energetici di soluzioni tecnologiche per coperture di edifici
LIT, LATERIZI D'ITALIA
Autore/i: DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M.; Cozzolino, Nicola; Allen, R.; DI FUSCO, A.; D’Anna, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/269904

A cognitive approach for improving built environment and users’ safety in emergency conditions,
TEMA
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; Santarelli, S.; D’Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Cognitive Systems can be applied in architectural spaces to improve Built Environment performances basing on users’ needs. They can: 1) jointly monitor environmental conditions and human behaviours through Cognitive Built Environment (CBE) components; 2) use human-environment interaction models and related Key Performance Indicators to detect critical situations; 3) adapt CBE devices status to inform users on how to properly behave. This approach is applied to safety performances of outdoor (earthquake) and indoor (fire) scenarios, by proposing and testing solutions to support evacuees while reaching safe areas and rescuers’ support.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/268588