48 pubblicazioni classificate nel seguente modo:

What Matters the Most? The Role of Actual Occupancy Patterns and Automatic Model Calibration in Reducing the Building Energy Performance Gap in an Italian Case Study
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2023
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; Latini, Arianna; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Gianangeli, Andrea; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer, Singapore
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Building energy models are increasingly used in energy renovation projects to identify the best retrofit strategy. However, a significant discrepancy between real and numerical building performances (“performance gap”) is generally observed, which can lead to an erroneous design of the energy retrofit measures. To reduce this gap, automatic model calibrations can be undertaken. This approach generally focuses on fine-tuning some “fixed” parameters to minimize an error function but often disregards the uncertainties in time-varying occupants’ behavior patterns. These latter are also commonly modeled through standardized profiles due to a lack of knowledge, then further increasing the performance gap, especially where occupants’ behavior may have a higher level of uncertainty, as in residential buildings. In this context, it is important to understand and quantify the impact of actual occupancy profiles on model accuracy also in comparison with that achieved through calibration. For this reason, this work compares, for a specific case study of social housing in Reggio Emilia (Italy), the performance gap reduction achievable through (i) common automatic calibration approaches; (ii) the modeling of the actual, experimentally observed, occupants’ behavior. The results reveal that modeling the actual users’ behavior decreases the error (RMSE) in indoor air temperature by 0.46 °C, i.e., more than the reduction obtained through the adopted calibration approaches (0.26 °C). In terms of energy consumption for space cooling, the performance gap without actual occupancy was significantly higher than that obtained for three monitored unoccupied apartments (AC always on), i.e., 10–15% against 1–4%. However, if the actual occupants’ behavior is modeled, the performance gap is reduced to the values obtained for the unoccupied apartments. This study highlights the importance of occupancy patterns in building energy modeling.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/328016

Building Management System and Data Sharing Platform for Passive Cooling Strategies Assessment and Users’ Awareness Increase: Design and Application to a Social Housing Context in Italy
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2023
Autore/i: Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Maracchini, Gianluca; Latini, Arianna; Bernardini, Gabriele; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer, Singapore
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The development and application of Building Management Systems (BMSs) provide different benefits, related to optimizing real-time building monitoring and analysis, understanding users’ behavior toward systems and components, collecting data to reduce the performance gap in building energy models, and also promoting users’ awareness based on automation and control systems and feedback solutions. This paper deals with the design and application of a smart, wireless, reversible, and low-impact BMS, integrated into two existing social housing buildings, selected as demo cases in the European “LIFE SUPERHERO” project. The information obtained from installed sensors (outdoor and indoor environmental conditions, occupants’ behavior, roof performance) is stored in a server, thus allowing researchers to access data in real-time, and to carry out analyses related to the indicators and objective of the project itself (e.g., reduction of cooling energy consumptions, comfort optimization, etc.). Raw and processed data are then reported in a web-based Data Sharing Platform, called “HUman-BEhaviors monitoring data Sharing” (HU-BES) that provides qualitative and quantitative user-friendly data representation to specialized and un-specialized end-users, such as designers, stakeholders, and occupants. Both the BMS and HU-BES are developed to be flexible tools that can be further integrated depending on the evolution of the project, for example, by adding other sensors or showing different performance indicators.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/328014

Ondate di calore: risposta termica e comportamento energetico nell’edilizia sociale
INGENIO
Autore/i: Massetti, S.; Maracchini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/323712

Building energy consumption under occupants’ behavior uncertainty in pre and post-renovation scenarios: a case study in Italy
TEMA
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In Europe, the energy renovation of the existing building stock is a great opportunity to significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reach the European sustainability targets. In this framework, building energy simulations (BES) tools are very useful in verifying energy retrofit measures’ effectiveness and compliance with national standards. However, an inaccurate numerical prediction, the so-called “performance gap” between measured and numerical performance, is often obtained, mainly due to the inherent uncertainty of model input. Due to its stochastic nature, the occupants’ behavior (OB) is considered among the key contributors to this gap. However, the most recent Building Energy Model (BEM) approaches adopt deterministic hourly-defined profiles for characterizing OB, thus neglecting the related uncertainty. In this work, the impact of OB uncertainties on energy consumption (EC) prediction is evaluated by adopting a Karhunen-Loève Expansion sampling technique, used to randomly perturb OB profiles such as heating setpoint (HS), internal thermal loads (IL), and windows opening (NV). Two BEMs of a typical Italian residential building in pre- and post-renovation scenarios are considered and calibrated on real EC data. The results demonstrated that HS uncertainty has the highest impact on EC in all scenarios. Moreover, the higher the energy performance of the building, the higher the impact of OB, especially for IL and NV patterns.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/316271

Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis on Urban Heat Island Intensity Using the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) Schema: The Case Study of Athens
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2022
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; Bavarsad, Fatemeh Salehipour; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon commonly occurs in cities worldwide and may affect the health of millions of people, especially during heatwaves. To design and propose mitigation strategies, accurate urban microclimate simulation tools are needed but retrieving information for creating reliable models is often challenging. Sensitivity (SA) and uncertainty (UA) analysis can help to achieve valuable information and to produce informed decisions even in an uncertain scenario. However, to date, that are few studies that perform SA and UA on microclimate models. In the present study, the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) software has been used to apply SA and UA to the city of Athens, Greece. The urban model is established by considering the variation of input parameters that may occur within three of the most diffused Local Climate Zones (LCZ) in city centers. Results showed that the highest average Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) is obtained in LCZ2 followed by LCZ3 and LCZ5 (2.92, 2.78 and 2.60 °C, respectively). However, due to the overlapping of UHII output values among different LCZs, it is not possible to state with absolute certainty that a “lower” LCZ corresponds to a higher UHII in a specific city. The SA confirmed that LCZ parameters such as building surface fraction, aspect ratio and mean height of buildings are the most influential ones in this case study. The percentage of buildings with an operating Air Conditioning system is also a key parameter in LCZ2, which however is also among the most uncertain ones. Thus, this value is required to be well established in future research.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311811

Energy Poverty and Heatwaves. Experimental Investigation on Low-Income Households’ Energy Behavior
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2022
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Global and local climate change increases the occurrence of extreme weather events such as heatwaves (HW), which in the next years will increase even more in both frequency and magnitude. This phenomenon strongly affects people’s quality of life due to societal, health, and environmental repercussions, but also the building sector, increasing energy use and deteriorating the indoor thermal environment. Low-income households are the most affected by health issues during HWs, since they may not own a proper air conditioning system, or not be able to sustain the energy costs for Air Conditioning (AC) use. Several works in the literature try to investigate the impact of HW on building thermal response and energy consumption. However, these works are mainly focused on numerical simulations and do not consider the possible different AC use behavior that may occur in extreme, rare events such as HW. Moreover, none of them consider the impact of HW in an energy poverty scenario. This work presents the results of a wide experimental campaign aimed at evaluating the impact of HW on energy consumption in an energy poverty scenario. The thermal response of two Italian social housing buildings was monitored. The results indicate that, during an HW, an exponential increase in consumption for cooling is observed, which is 4 to 8 times greater than that encountered in normal summer periods. This result highlights the importance of considering a real use scenario in evaluating the impact of HW on building energy consumption.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311810

Impact of Urban Morphology on Urban Heat Island Intensity in a Mediterranean City: Global Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis
Green Energy and Technology
Autore/i: Bavarsad Salehipour, Fatemeh.; Maracchini, G.; Di Giuseppe, E.; D'Orazio, M.
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Urban microclimate tools are used to estimate the magnitude of urban heat island (UHI) and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. However, acquiring information for creating reliable models is often challenging. Sensitivity analysis (SA) and uncertainty analysis (UA) can be effectively used to acquire information and make informed decisions even in uncertain scenarios. However, few studies still carry out SA and UA on microclimate models. This study used SA and UA techniques to evaluate the impact of urban morphology on the UHI phenomenon in the Mediterranean climate during a summer heat wave period in Rome, Italy. The urban weather generator (UWG) tool is used, coupled to SA and UA tools. The input parameters of four common local climate zones (LCZs) are used to develop the urban model. The UA results show that the highest urban heat island intensity (UHII) occurs in LCZ2, the densest district among the selected LCZs. The SA confirms that LCZ parameters such as the mean height of buildings, building surface fraction, and aspect ratio are the most influential ones in this study.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/323711

Application of digital image correlation to compression tests on tuff masonry panels strengthened by textile reinforced mortar
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASONRY RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
Autore/i: Maracchini, G; Chiappini, G; Donnini, J; Quagliarini, E; Corinaldesi, V; Lenci, S
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Digital image correlation (DIC) is a contactless full-field optical technique for measuring displacements that can be potentially used in place of more common linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) to avoid instrumentation damage during destructive tests. However, despite being already adopted in several fields, its potentialities in testing full-scale masonry walls strengthened with textile reinforcing mortar (TRM) have not been fully investigated yet. In this paper, the results obtained by applying a stereo-DIC technique to compression tests of unstrengthened and TRM-strengthened tuff masonry walls (1.0 x 1.2 x 0.25 m(3)) are reported. Results showed that the presence of helical steel bars used to connect the two TRM layers caused crack localisation to the masonry wall, leading to a reduction of compression strength. Compared with the results obtained with LVDTs, the DIC technique was able to accurately monitor tridimensional displacements and cracking pattern evolution. The potentialities and limits of this technique are finally highlighted.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/320491

L’INGEGNERIA FORENSE PER LE COSTRUZIONI
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Zampini, Giovanni; Maracchini, Gianluca
Editore: Maggioli Editore
Classificazione: 3 Libro
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/296363

Permeable and ventilated roofs: an emerging solution for building comfort and climate mitigation in urban centers. The Project LIFE SUPERHERO
QUALIcer’22 – XVII Congreso mundial de la calidad del azulejo y del pavimento ceramico
Autore/i: Bonvicini, G.; Bignozzi, M. C.; D’Orazio, M.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; Maracchini, G.; Latini, A.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: During the last 15 years, the frequency and intensity of heatwaves have increased in all the EU. In response to warming cities, the growth in environmental impacts and global demand for building cooling are two of the most critical energy issues of our time. Many EU cities are already working on climate mitigation strategies, while urban adaptation is still a novel challenge and requires the urgent development of specific measures to change urban design and structures. Indeed, renovation of existing buildings and design of new ones has a great urban adaptation potential against the “heat” challenge. An effective sustainable and low-cost answer to cities and building overheating is using building “passive cooling” technologies, which allow reducing the temperatures of the building envelope and consequently of the surrounding air, rather than increasing energy demands from artificial cooling. LIFE SUPERHERO seeks to exploit a specific building passive cooling solution: the Ventilated and Permeable Roofs (VPRs) based on roof tile designed during the previous project LIFE HEROTILE. As the roof is the most exposed element to solar radiation, a “vented roof”, obtained through an air space between the installed roof covering and the roof sheathing, could limit the summer heat fluxing into the building, thus reducing roof and wall temperatures. This space reduces heat transfer and allows the roof to “breathe” and disperse the accumulated solar heat. If this ventilation is coupled to a “high permeability” of the roof tiles, it is possible to obtain a considerable increase in the cooling performance. However, current EU national regulations, standards, green rating systems and procurements in the building sector do not recognize the cooling potential of VPRs, mainly focusing on winter heating saving. In particular, there are two main barriers to overcome: the lack of specific policies/legislative frameworks and the lack of people's awareness of their potential. The goals of the project will be achieved: - by implementing a specific EU standard (ETA) and improving building environmental protocols and national building codes considering HBR (Herotile- Based Roof) benefits; - through two building demonstrators where the impact of HBR on occupants’ behavior will be monitored and consequently public and stakeholders’ awareness promoted; - by entailing the development of free LCA/LCC software, to facilitate the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies and action plans at a local level. LIFE SUPERHERO thus promotes a synergy between climate adaptation and mitigation actions. The VPR-HBR allows increasing building and city thermal comfort (adaptation) due to the limitation of external building roof temperature in hot seasons, thus reducing the Urban Heat Island phenomenon. The limitation on internal building roof temperature in hot seasons improves occupants’ comfort, entailing a reduction of cooling energy demand and GHG (Green House Gases) and accelerating the phasedown of HFC (Hydro Fluor Carbon) included in refrigerants (mitigation).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308821

Ondate di calore e povertà energetica. Indagine sperimentale sulla risposta termica di edifici di edilizia sociale e sul comportamento energetico di famiglie a basso reddito
Memoria e Innovazione. Memory and Innovation
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: Edicom Edizioni
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308823

Tetto ventilato e permeabile con tegole in laterizio: l’innovazione di SUPERHERO
INGENIO
Autore/i: Bonvicini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M.; Latini, A.; Maracchini, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308841

Evaluation of the impact of climatic and macroeconomic scenarios on the convenience of "nearly zero energy" building renovations: application of a stochastic LCC approach to a reference building
2030 c.C. Proiezioni future per una progettazione sostenibile
Autore/i: DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa; Maracchini, Gianluca; D'Orazio, Marco
Editore: Gangemi Editore International
Luogo di pubblicazione: Roma
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The energy retrofit of the existing building stock is an urgent imperative if we consider the need to limit the consumption of fossil sources and to reduce “energy poverty” triggered by the increase in energy prices. These topics were recently evidenced by the fragility of the economic system following the Russian-Ukrainian war event at the beginning of 2022. Long-term national strategies to support the renovation of the EU building stock must carefully evaluate solutions to reduce the actual financial gap between the «minimum requirements» and the «nearly Zero» energy performance levels to push a deep renovation of buildings. However, the design of specific policies to bridge this gap must take into account the volatility of the macroeconomic environment during the life-cycle of the building. Standardized Life Cycle Costing (LCC) methods disregard the long-term uncertainty affecting the macroeconomic variables and consequently misrepresent the associated risk on the economic convenience of building renovation. The present work then applies a “stochastic” approach to LCC to analyze the impact of future possible macroeconomic scenarios on the economic affordability of building retrofit solutions. The stochastic LCC is applied to a case study represented by several renovation options of a reference building located in different Italian climate areas. Results show that the Global Costs of different retrofit solutions and the financial gap between «minimum requirements» and «nearly Zero» renovations are strongly influenced by the underlying macroeconomic environment. A widespread application of this approach and greater consideration of the volatility of economic parameters would allow establishing specific funding schemes and financing instruments to push a real “renovation wave” of EU buildings.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308801

BEMCalibration Tool
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 5 Altro
Abstract: The software allows the automatic calibration of dynamic energy models of buildings in IDF (EnergyPlus) format through the use of sensitivity analyses and genetic algorithms.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/298192

Impact of Occupants’ Behavior Uncertainty on Building Energy Consumption Through the Karhunen-Loève Expansion Technique: A Case Study in Italy
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; Di Giuseppe, E.; D'Orazio, M.
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: In Europe, the building sector is liable for 40% of the entire energy consumption (EC) and 35% of the total greenhouse emission. Building energy performance simulation (BEPS) tools are fundamental to assess the EC of both new buildings and energy retrofit intervention, and to verify the reaching of the requirements set by the national building energy standards. However, the results obtained from these tools are often unreliable due to the different assumptions that must be made in case of data input uncertainty, generating a “performance gap” between observed and predicted EC. Occupants’ behavior (OB) is one of the most difficult parameters to be estimated since affected by high uncertainty that may strongly affect the numerical results. However, the most recent BEPS tools neglect the existing uncertainty by modeling the occupant behavior through deterministic hourly-defined profiles. For this reason, in this work, the impact of OB uncertainties on EC is evaluated by applying a Karhunen-Loève Expansion (KLE) on deterministic hourly defined profiles. A typical Italian residential building is modeled and calibrated on EC data. Then, occupancy behavior-related profiles, such as heating setpoint, internal thermal loads, and windows opening, are randomly perturbed using the KLE technique. The results demonstrate that the heating setpoint patterns uncertainty has the highest impact on EC. Moreover, the more the energy performance of the building, the higher the impact of heat gains and losses caused by OB.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294384

Impact of Climate and Economic Scenarios on the Global Costs of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings Renovations. A Stochastic LCC on a Reference Multi-story Building
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
Autore/i: Di Giuseppe, E.; Maracchini, G.; D'Orazio, M.
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: National long-term building renovation strategies should reduce the actual financial gap between nearly Zero Energy (nZE) and “minimum energy requirement” levels, to enlarge the impact of buildings’ energy saving on climate neutrality. However, the design of specific policies to bridge this gap strongly depends on the long-term expected value and volatility of the macroeconomic environment during the building's lifetime. Standardized Life Cycle Costing methods disregard the long-term uncertainty affecting the macroeconomic variables and consequently misrepresent the associated risk on the economic convenience of building renovation. The present work applies a “stochastic” approach to LCC on alternative renovation options of a reference building located in different Italian climate areas towards the nZE target. The analysis focuses on the analysis of the impact of alternative macroeconomic scenarios on the investment gap between the “cost-optimal” and the nZE solutions. A widespread application of this methodology in the context of the European “Cost-Optimal” framework would allow establishing specific funding schemes and financing instruments to push a real “renovation wave” of EU buildings.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294385

Il BIM nelle simulazioni energetiche di edifici: interoperabilità nel processo BIM-to-BEM
COSTRUIRE IN LATERIZIO
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: L’articolo evidenzia le potenzialità, i limiti e le problematiche dei processi di trasformazione “BIM-to-BEM”, ovvero da modelli BIM a modelli per l’analisi della prestazione energetica degli edifici
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/292214

Un nuovo strumento per analisi di incertezza e sensibilità su strategie di mitigazione del fenomeno Isola di Calore Urbana
Design and construction - Tradition and innovation in the practice of architecture. Progetto e Costruzione - Tradizione ed innovazione nella pratica dell’architettura
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; Latini, A.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: Edicom Edizioni
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: In relazione alla crisi climatica globale, diverse aree urbanizzate del pianeta registrano sempre più intensi fenomeni di ondate di calore estive e di surriscaldamento rispetto alle aree verdi circostanti (fenomeno dell’Isola di Calore Urbana, UHI). Nei decenni futuri, con il progressivo innalzamento della temperatura media del globo, sarà quindi necessario un crescente impegno per la progettazione di strategie di mitigazione e adattamento in grado di rendere le città più vivibili e resilienti ai cambiamenti climatici in atto. A questo proposito, la modellazione del clima urbano è un tema di ricerca in crescente sviluppo. Diversi modelli sono stati realizzati, implementati in strumenti di calcolo e sempre più ampliamente utilizzati come metodi predittivi del microclima urbano o come veri e propri strumenti decisionali per valutare l’impatto di alternative progettuali. Il presente studio intende contribuire all’avanzamento della ricerca, presentando un codice di calcolo sviluppato dagli autori che, accoppiato al software Urban Weather Generator, consente di realizzare analisi di incertezza e sensibilità sui risultati. Per dimostrarne le potenzialità, ne viene presentata l’applicazione su tre casi studio, ovvero porzioni urbane delle città di Roma, Barcellona e Vienna, in cui vengono confrontate diverse strategie di mitigazione del fenomeno UHI. I risultati evidenziano come il calore antropogenico originato dagli impianti di raffrescamento risulti essere il parametro con maggiore influenza sull’UHI nei casi studio investigati, mentre l’incremento dell’albedo dei materiali costruttivi non si rivela sempre una strategia di mitigazione efficace. I risultati sottolineano la necessità, per progettisti e decisori, di valutare gli effetti delle strategie di mitigazione della UHI in relazione alle specificità di ogni area urbana, e non di adottare soluzioni standard. A tal fine, lo strumento di analisi di incertezza e sensibilità sviluppato, si rivela efficace e con limitati oneri computazionali.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/292217

Proprietà termiche della muratura e dei suoi componenti: l’aggiornamento della UNI EN 1745
COSTRUIRE IN LATERIZIO
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; Giuseppe, Di
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: La norma fornisce metodi per la determinazione dei valori di conduttività e resistenza termica, a secco e di progetto, di murature, materiali ed elementi per muratura. La principale novità della nuova versione risiede nell’inserimento di un metodo semplificato per la determinazione dei valori termici di elementi riempiti con materiale isolante
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/290615

Analisi sperimentale e numerica per la valutazione e il miglioramento delle prestazioni energetiche di un sistema costruttivo emergenziale in EPS-rinforzato
Design and construction. Tradition and innovation in the practice of architecture
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M; Maracchini, G
Editore: EdicomEdizioni
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Negli ultimi decenni, stiamo assistendo ad un costante aumento di emergenze umanitarie causate da conflitti, disastri naturali e pandemie. Tali eventi hanno evidenziato la necessità di sviluppare sistemi costruttivi in grado di consentire la costruzione di alloggi temporanei e ospedali da campo in poco tempo. Tuttavia, progettati principalmente per brevi periodi di occupazione (due o tre anni), tali sistemi risultano spesso carenti in termini di durabilità, qualità ambientale interna e prestazioni energetiche. Nonostante ciò, non è raro che le persone finiscano per vivere in questi edifici per periodi prolungati, addirittura decenni. Pertanto, risulta sempre più evidente la necessità di promuovere lo sviluppo di tecnologie costruttive che, pur mantenendo le caratteristiche essenziali per rispondere all’esigenze emergenziali (rapidità di costruzione e trasportabilità), siano in grado di garantire un adeguato standard abitativo agli occupanti, consentendo il graduale superamento del concetto di temporaneità verso un’edilizia eco-solidale di maggiore qualità. Questo studio riporta alcune evidenze di un’ampia campagna sperimentale e numerica volte ad indagare e migliorare il comportamento termo-energetico di un sistema costruttivo leggero e innovativo, chiamato “Home Done”, appositamente sviluppato per interpretare ad un livello qualitativo più elevato la crescente domanda di edifici emergenziali e a basso costo. Le attività presentate si suddividono in sperimentali, volte a verificare eventuali problematiche di comfort interno data la natura leggera del sistema, e numeriche, volte, da un lato, a valutare le prestazioni energetiche in diversi contesti climatici e, dall’altro, a proporre strategie migliorative. Le misurazioni effettuate hanno rilevato problematiche di surriscaldamento degli ambienti, rendendo necessarie strategie di raffrescamento passivo nei climi caldi, data la necessità di contenere le installazioni impiantistiche ed i relativi consumi per tali tipologie di edifici. Le analisi numeriche hanno mostrato ottimi risultati sul piano dei consumi energetici, con possibilità di ottenere riduzioni importanti dei consumi energetici nei climi caldi mediante l’introduzione di uno strato interno termicamente inerziale.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294390

Proprietà termiche delle murature
U & C. UNIFICAZIONE E CERTIFICAZIONE
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The recently revised European standard EN 1745 describes methods for the determination of the thermal conductivity of solid masonry units, mortars, masonry units with formed voids and “composite” masonry units, i.e. masonry unit incorporating additional material in the voids, such as thermal insulation. The determination of the “dry” and “design” thermal conductivity values can be defined based on tabulated data, measurements, calculations or a combination of these. The main novelty of the new version lies in the inclusion of a method for the determination of the thermal design values of composite masonry elements. More details in this article.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/287591

Improving the livability of lightweight emergency architectures: A numerical investigation on a novel reinforced-EPS based construction system
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; D'Orazio, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In the aftermath of catastrophic events, lightweight construction systems are often used to build temporary emergency architectures. However, if suitable environmental control systems are not present, as may occur in post-disaster scenarios, these buildings provide poor indoor thermal conditions, especially in hot climates, which may jeopardize the occupants’ physical and mental health in case of longer periods of occupations. In these contexts, passive cooling techniques are the preferred strategies to improve the indoor thermal environment. However, only a few papers evaluated the effectiveness of these measures on emergency buildings, also considering calibrated simulations, different climates, costs, and operational feasibility. In this work, the thermal performance of a novel emergency construction system, still not sufficiently studied in the literature and based on the assembly of 3D-reinforced EPS panels, is examined. First, a numerical model of an experimental unit is calibrated on experimental data. Then, the thermal performance in hot and temperate climates of a reference building, recently adopted in emergency scenarios, is numerically evaluated and improved through passive cooling measures, i.e. shading, thermal buffering, natural ventilation, and cooling materials. Results show high summer thermal discomfort in all climates. The efficacy of the different measures depends on climatic contexts, with natural ventilation, combined with cool roof materials or blinds (for temperate and hot climates, respectively), providing the best trade-off between thermal comfort, costs, and feasibility. However, the summer indoor thermal discomfort cannot be completely reduced. This study helps decision-makers and people to correctly improve the living conditions and sustainability of emergency architectures.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294381

TRM reinforced tuff and fired clay brick masonry: Experimental and analytical investigation on their in-plane and out-of-plane behavior
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Donnini, J.; Maracchini, G.; Lenci, S.; Corinaldesi, V.; Quagliarini, E.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The paper presents the results of an experimental campaign aimed at investigating the in-plane and out-of-plane behavior of tuff and fired clay brick masonry panels reinforced by a commercial, not yet tested, Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) system. The TRM, consisting of hydraulic lime mortar coupled with a bidirectional glass fabric (total thickness of 30 mm), was applied on both sides of the panels and connected through stainless-steel helical bars. First, a mechanical characterization of the TRM system was carried out, according to recent guidelines (AC434 and CNR-DT215) by means of tensile tests and single-shear bond tests on the two different substrates. Then, the effectiveness of the reinforcement was investigated through uniaxial compression, diagonal compression and three-point bending tests on masonry panels. After that, experimental results were compared to the predictions of recent guidelines and analytical models available in the literature, by using the mechanical parameters obtained from the TRM mechanical characterization. TRM showed to be very effective in increasing the in-plane shear strength of tuff panels, of about 170%, whereas in the case of fired clay brick ones the increase was limited to 33%. Besides, the diagonal compression strength of reinforced specimens seemed to be strongly influenced by the mortar matrix, instead of by the fabric reinforcement, as it usually happens i.e. for Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) systems. Thus, novel simplified analytical formulations to predict the shear strength of reinforced panels by only considering the contribution of the TRM matrix were provided, discussed and compared to current analytical approaches for FRCM systems. As regards the out-of-plane behavior, the TRM system significantly increased the out-of-plane bending strength and ductility of both tuff and fired clay brick panels. The applicability of current analytical approaches, as well as possible amendments, was also investigated. Finally, the compressive behavior of the walls was not substantially modified by the reinforcement, reasonably due to the low axial stiffness of the connectors and, to a minor extent, because they were dry inserted within the masonry and simply folded over the glass fabric.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/287962

A Software Tool for a Stochastic Life Cycle Assessment and Costing of Buildings’ Energy Efficiency Measures
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Baldoni, Edoardo; Coderoni, Silvia; Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco; Esposti, Roberto; Maracchini, Gianluca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This article presents a novel software tool for the assessments of life-cycle environmental impacts and costs, which is aimed to support decision-making in the design phase of retrofit interventions in the building sector. By combining Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) calculations and functionalities, this tool allows evaluating the long-term trade-offs between economic and environmental performance of investment projects in energy efficiency for buildings, while accounting for uncertainties in input parameters and economic scenarios. A major novelty of the software tool is the stochastic nature of both the LCC and LCA dimensions. The LCA is implemented with Monte-Carlo methods, while the LCC accounts for the probabilistic interdependence of macroeconomic variables over time. The software also includes advanced specific tools for parametrization and sensitivity analysis. Exemplary applications are presented in order to illustrate the novelty and the functionalities of the software tool.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/291436

Thermal performance of a novel lightweight emergency construction system in different climates
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONFERENCE SERIES
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M.; Maracchini, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Prefabricated, lightweight construction systems, thanks to their quicker construction processes, cheapness, higher portability, and adaptability, are increasingly proposed all around the world as emergency architectures (after natural disasters, pandemics, etc.), and as affordable housing solutions in countries with increasing housing demand. Due to their low thermal inertia, however, these buildings are often characterized by poor thermal performance in hot climates due to indoor overheating. The possible application of passive cooling measures is often investigated to improve their thermal performance. Among others, cool materials present some advantages in terms of ease of application and costs. However, few studies investigated the impact of this passive strategy on the thermal performance of emergency buildings. For this reason, this work evaluates the impact of cooling materials on the thermal performance of a novel lightweight prefabricated construction system (HOMEDONE) based on the assembly of reinforced-EPS panels. First, a numerical model of an experimental mock-up was created and calibrated on experimental data. Then, the thermal performance of a typical temporary housing solution was numerically evaluated under different climatic locations. Finally, the effectiveness of cooling finishing materials is investigated. The potential of cooling materials in reducing the energy demand for the studied construction system is then highlighted.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294386

Miglioramento sismico della scuola “Puccini” in Senigallia. Dalla diagnosi all’intervento
MODULO
Autore/i: Quagliarini, E; Lenci, S; Clementi, F; Maracchini, G; Monni, F
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Questo articolo riporta l'esperienza dell'intervento progettato ed eseguito sull'edificio scolastico "Puccini" in Seni­gallia, il quale presenta caratteristiche architettoniche e vulnerabilità sismiche tipiche di edifici scolastici costruiti in I­talia nel secondo dopoguerra. La scuola, insieme ad altre localizzate sempre nel Comune di Senigallia, ed aventi carat­teristiche simili a livello di materiali e tecnologia costruttiva, è stata oggetto di studio ed analisi approfondite nell'ambi­to della convenzione di ricerca scienti­fica stipulata tra l'Università Politecnica delle Marche e il Comune di Senigallia inerente ''La valutazione e la stesura di linee guida per la riduzione del rischio sismico dell'edilizia scolastica del dopo guerra".
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294383

Approcci probabilistici alla valutazione dei costi globali di interventi di miglioramento sismico di edifici
New Horizons for Sustainable Architecture - Nuovi orizzonti per l’architettura sostenibile
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; Stazi, F.; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: Edicom Edizioni
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Il patrimonio edilizio europeo risulta costituito per più del 40% da edifici costruiti prima degli anni ‘60, i quali comportano elevati costi di gestione ordinaria, energetici e manutentivi, nonché il rischio di subire danni considerevoli in occasione di eventi sismici. Al fine di consentire una transizione efficace verso una società più sostenibile e resiliente, risulta di fondamentale importanza promuovere politiche congiunte di riduzione del rischio sismico e del consumo di energia, nonché disporre di strumenti decisionali adeguati per la definizione della strategia di intervento più sostenibile sotto un profilo economico, ambientale e sociale. Negli ultimi decenni, le analisi dei costi nel ciclo di vita (LCC) sono diventate un valido strumento decisionale nel settore edilizio. Nel campo della riqualificazione strutturale, sono oggi disponibili diversi approcci LCC rivolti alla pratica professionale per il calcolo delle perdite economiche causate da eventi sismici, utili alla definizione degli incentivi economici per gli interventi di miglioramento. Tali approcci, tuttavia, risultano basati su notevoli semplificazioni oltre a non tenere conto dell’incertezza legata all’occorrenza temporale dei terremoti. A partire da un approccio “probabilistico” precedentemente sviluppato, questo studio valuta tramite un caso di studio la convenienza economica di interventi di miglioramento sismico alternativi, con l’obbiettivo di: confrontare le diverse metodologie di calcolo dei costi rivolte ai professionisti nel contesto italiano; valutare l’incidenza delle incertezze sull’occorrenza temporale di eventi sismici sul calcolo dei costi globali; determinare l’intervento strutturale ottimale in termini di convenienza economica e salvaguardia della vita. Il presente lavoro costituisce la fase iniziale di una più ampia ricerca volta alla valutazione dell’incidenza in analisi LCC di interventi di miglioramento sismico di incertezze legate a scenari sismici e macroeconomici futuri.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/286249

TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS, TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES AND SEISMIC VULNERABILITIES OF POST-WORLD WAR II ITALIAN SCHOOL BUILDINGS
REHABEND 2020. Euro-American Congress. Construction Pathology, Rehabilitation Technology and Heritage Management
Autore/i: Monni, F; Maracchini, G; Quagliarini, E; Lenci, S
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Many Italian school buildings, built just after the post-World War II, share similar geometrical and spatial characteristics. Some of these features may negatively affect the building seismic response, generating typical seismic vulnerabilities. In order to mitigate them, and then to foster an effective transition towards a safer and more sustainable society, it is important to provide exemplary cases on how to proceed correctly. For this reason, in this paper typical vulnerabilities of Italian post-World War II RC school buildings are individuated and discussed. For one of the most representative case study an in situ experimental campaign has been carried out in order to identify the specific seismic vulnerabilities related to specific geometrical aspects or material properties. Results of structural assessment have evidenced that some typological vulnerabilities such as wide atriums, eccentric stairs and tall windows, along with irregularity in plan configuration, strongly affect the global seismic behavior of the school buildings. Finally, a structural intervention aimed to improve the performance against seismic actions has been proposed and described for the case study. The intervention concerned RC jacketing of the columns, shear strengthening of beams through Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) sheets and strengthening of the beam-columns joints. The strengthening efficiency has been evaluated by means of pushover analysis. The proposed intervention can improve the seismic resistance of the building.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294389

A Stochastic Approach to LCA of Internal Insulation Solutions for Historic Buildings
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Di Giuseppe, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco; Du, Guangli; Favi, Claudio; Lasvaux, Sébastien; Maracchini, Gianluca; Padey, Pierryves
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Internal insulation is a typical renovation solution in historic buildings with valuable façades. However, it entails moisture-related risks, which affect the durability and life-cycle environmental performance. In this context, the EU project RIBuild developed a risk assessment method for both hygrothermal and life-cycle performance of internal insulation, to support decision-making. This paper presents the stochastic Life Cycle Assessment method developed, which couples the LCA model to a Monte-Carlo simulation, providing results expressed by probability distributions. It is applied to five insulation solutions, considering different uncertain input parameters and building heating scenarios. In addition, the influence of data variability and quality on the result is analyzed, by using input data from two sources: distributions derived from a generic Life Cycle Inventory database and “deterministic” data from Environmental Product Declarations. The outcomes highlight remarkable differences between the two datasets that lead to substantial variations on the systems performance ranking at the production stage. Looking at the life-cycle impact, the general trend of the output distributions is quite similar among simulation groups and insulation systems. Hence, while a ranking of the solutions based on a “deterministic” approach provides misleading information, the stochastic approach provides more realistic results in the context of decision-making.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/274994

Experimental investigation on the durability of a novel lightweight prefabricated reinforced-EPS based construction system
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Stipa, Pierluigi; Sabbatini, Simona; Maracchini, Gianluca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper investigates the durability of a low-cost construction system named HOMEDONE developed to realize affordable and also temporary housing solutions. The system is based on the assembly of 3D-reinforced EPS panels externally topped off with a multi-layer rendering system. Similar technologies showed durability issues, especially in hot climates, due to the thermal and hygrometric stresses of the thin finishing layers when coupled to thick EPS panels and exposed to extreme events. For this reason, in this work freeze–thaw and wet/drying-UV aging tests on HOMEDONE panels with different finishing systems have been carried out, monitoring macroscopic, microscopic (ATR-FT-IR analysis) and bond strength variations due to aging. Results have pointed out good mechanical properties of the system and only small color variations of the finishing layer due to UV cycles. Then, HOMEDONE can be considered as a durable option for affordable and temporary housing solutions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/277420

Internal Insulation of Historic Buildings: A Stochastic Approach to Life Cycle Costing Within RIBuild EU Project
Sustainability in Energy and Buildings
Autore/i: Di Giuseppe, Elisa; Maracchini, Gianluca; Gianangeli, Andrea; Bernardini, Gabriele; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The application of internal insulation is a widespread and effective solution for energy renovation of historic buildings.However, it entails quite high installation costs and a certain risk of failure due to moisture-related problems. A probabilistic risk assessment of both hygrothermal performance and life cycle costs can be used to address internal insulation issue, in order to support riskmanagement and decisionmaking. This paper presents the application of a probabilistic approach to Life Cycle Costing developed within the EU project RIBuild (Robust Internal Thermal Insulation of Historic Buildings), to five internal insulations solutions widely used in Italy. The method provides estimates of the range and likelihood of global costs and payback periods, also considering alternative energy and future economic scenarios. The impact of insulation systems service life on global costs is also addressed, in order to highlight the possible connection of the method to a stochastic estimation of insulation systems durability based on hygrothermal and damage assessments.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/271390

Tehcnological analysis, typological features and seismic vulnerabilities of post-World War II Italian school buildings
REHABEND 2020. Euro-American Congress. Construction Pathology, Rehabilitation Technology and Heritage Management
Autore/i: Monni, F; Maracchini, G; Quagliarini, E; Lenci, S
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Many Italian school buildings, built just after the post-World War II, share similar geometrical and spatial characteristics. Some of these features may negatively affect the building seismic response, generating typical seismic vulnerabilities. In order to mitigate them, and then to foster an effective transition towards a safer and more sustainable society, it is important to provide exemplary cases on how to proceed correctly. For this reason, in this paper typical vulnerabilities of Italian post-World War II RC school buildings are individuated and discussed. For one of the most representative case study an in situ experimental campaign has been carried out in order to identify the specific seismic vulnerabilities related to specific geometrical aspects or material properties. Results of structural assessment have evidenced that some typological vulnerabilities such as wide atriums, eccentric stairs and tall windows, along with irregularity in plan configuration, strongly affect the global seismic behavior of the school buildings. Finally, a structural intervention aimed to improve the performance against seismic actions has been proposed and described for the case study. The intervention concerned RC jacketing of the columns, shear strengthening of beams through Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) sheets and strengthening of the beam-columns joints. The strengthening efficiency has been evaluated by means of pushover analysis. The proposed intervention can improve the seismic resistance of the building.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294387

Risks and benefits of internal insulation as a measure for historic buildings energy renovation
Small Towns…from problem to resource. Sustainable strategies for the valorization of building, landscape and cultural heritage in inland areas
Autore/i: Gianangeli, Andrea; Maracchini, Gianluca; DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Cooperativa Universitaria Athena
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/270483

Risks and benefits of internal insulation as a measure for historic buildings energy renovation
Small Towns…from problem to resource. Sustainable strategies for the valorization of building, landscape and cultural heritage in inland areas
Autore/i: Gianangeli, A.; Maracchini, G.; DI GIUSEPPE, E.; D’Orazio, M
Editore: Franco Angeli
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: European historic buildings account for more than a third of the total energy consumption of buildings. Therefore, it is vital to reduce their energy demand, while maintaining their architectural and cultural heritage. Installing internal insulation is an effective measure, however it entails a certain risk of failure due to possible hygrothermal damages. Furthermore, several insulation systems are available in the market, thus building owners and practitioners need knowledge on how to handle internal insulation in an effective way. This paper reports the outcomes of an extended monitoring of the hygrothermal performance of two insulation systems (on “capillary active”, the other “vapour tight”) installed in a real historic building. Results highlights how the hygrothermal behaviour and the built-in moisture due to the installation operations can critically affect the energy performance of the wall, thus providing suggestions for the planning phase of a historic building renovation.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/278526

An experimental investigation on the indoor hygrothermal environment of a reinforced-EPS based temporary housing solution
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
Autore/i: D'Orazio, M.; Maracchini, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In a post-disaster scenario, temporary lightweight housing solutions are generally used for quickly providing disaster victims with a temporary living place. Developed for limited periods of occupation and typically built shortly with lightweight technologies, people can end up living in these buildings, especially in low-income countries, for years or even decades. Considering a possible long-occupation period, it is necessary to improve the ability of these building to grant adequate comfort even considering their temporary character. Nevertheless, few studies in the literature are focused on the indoor thermal comfort environment of these buildings. This paper shows some results of a study addressed to analyze and improve the indoor hygrothermal behavior of a novel, modular and lightweight temporary housing solution, named HOMEDONE, based on the assembly of 3D-reinforced EPS panels. After a preliminary characterization of the system in terms of in situ thermal transmittance and airtightness performance, useful to provide a reference for the numerical simulations, the indoor hygrothermal behavior of an experimental unit is monitored during the spring and the summer season. Then, hygrothermal simulations are carried out to verify the occurrence of the experimentally observed moisture-related issues in different climatic contexts and to evaluate the effectiveness of possible improvement solutions. The results showed a low in situ thermal transmittance and good airtightness performance of the HOMEDONE construction system. However, the experimental measurements revealed that, at closed opening condition, indoor air temperature and relative humidity can be very high and unacceptable during the cooling season, due to the low thermal storage capacity and the low moisture buffering/water absorption capacity of the building components. The simulations demonstrate that an internal finishing layer with adequate moisture buffering capacity can significantly reduce RH levels, preventing condensation issues and mold growth. Nevertheless, the use of the HOMEDONE unit for long periods of occupation is discouraged, especially in hot climates, unless appropriate measures to reduce the indoor overheating and to improve thermal comfort are adopted.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/278820

Can textile reinforced mortar (TRM) systems be really effective to increase compressive strength of masonry panels?
Key Engineering Materials
Autore/i: Donnini, J.; Maracchini, G.; Chiappini, G.; Corinaldesi, V.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.
Editore: Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The use of Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) systems represent a valid alternative to traditional strengthening techniques, to improve mechanical strength and seismic performance of masonry buildings. Their effectiveness has been validated by several studies [1-4]. However, the TRM contribution in the mechanical behavior of masonry walls, subjected to simple compression, has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, an experimental campaign with the objective of studying the efficiency of TRM systems, applied to clay brick masonry panels, is presented. Compression tests were conducted on clay brick masonry panels with dimensions of 250x1000x1200 mm3 . Glass fiber bidirectional fabrics were applied on both sides of the panels, coupled with lime-based mortar, and connected with stainless steel helical connectors. The total thickness of the reinforcement system is 30 mm. The effect of the TRM reinforcement on the mechanical behavior of the panel is analyzed and experimental results are compared with those of unreinforced panels in terms of ultimate strength and failure modes.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/270983

An experimental and numerical study on CLT panels used as infill shear walls for RC buildings retrofit
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Stazi, F.; Serpilli, M.; Maracchini, G.; Pavone, A.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) has been gaining more and more attention in research and professional fields as a sustainable and promising construction system for mid- and high-rise structures. The need of buildings higher than those usually built with CLT has pushed the research towards the development of innovative hybrid techniques in which steel framed structures incorporate CLT shear walls. This concept may be potentially extended to existing RC framed buildings, where CLT infill shear walls may constitute the base of an integrated seismic and energy retrofit. In order to investigate this potentiality, this paper presents a preliminary experimental and numerical study focused on the mechanical behavior of CLT panels used as a bracing system. In particular, diagonal compression tests on 3-ply panels have been carried out, also by reproducing a direct load transmission from the RC frame to the CLT infill. A comparison with the results of similar tests on CLT panels (with a different number of layers and thickness) and with unstrengthened and strengthened masonry infill walls has been also provided. In addition, numerical simulations have been carried out, in order to evaluate the changes in RC frame lateral response when CLT infills are added. The results have proved that CLT infills may be used as a strengthening solution, allowing RC frame to reach higher lateral stiffness and peak load values respect to masonry infills.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/264726

Analisi dello sviluppo storico-architettonico
La Cappella Italiana Dell’Assunzione Della Vergine Maria/ Vlašská Kaple Nanebevzetí Panny Marie. Messa in sicurezza, consolidamento strutturale, restauro architettonico
Autore/i: Monni, F; Maracchini, G
Editore: AracneEditore
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294391

Seismic solution based on the use of cross-laminated timber (clt) panels with sliding joints as infilled earthquake bracing system for rc framed architectures
Atti del VI CONVEGNO INTERNAZIONALE SULLA DOCUMENTAZIONE, CONSERVAZIONE E RECUPERO DEL PATRIMONIO ARCHITETTONICO E SULLA TUTELA PAESAGGISTICA DIPARTIMENTO DI INGEGNERIA
Autore/i: Serpilli, M.; Maracchini, G.; Stazi, F.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) has gaining more and more attention in the research and professional field as a sustainable and promising construction system for mid- and high-rise structures. The need of buildings higher than that usually built with CLT has pushed the research towards the development of innovative hybrid techniques in which steel framed structures incorporate CLT shear walls. This concept may be potentially extended to existing RC framed buildings where infilled CLT shear walls may constitute the base for an integrated seismic and energy retrofit solution. In order to investigate this potentiality, this paper present a preliminary experimental study focused on the diagonal strut behaviour of CLT panels. In particular, diagonal compression tests on 3-ply panels have been carried out also by simulating the confinement effect provided by the structural frame. A comparison with the results of similar tests on CLT panels with different number of layers and thickness has been also provided. The results of this research have demonstrated that CLT panels has a higher strength and stiffness if confined. Then, the confinement effect provided by the RC frame on the infill should be accurately considered in the strengthening design.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/264724

Experimental and FEM Investigation of Cob Walls under Compression
ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Maracchini, Gianluca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Earth has been used as construction material since prehistoric times, and it is still utilized nowadays in both developed and developing countries. Heritage conservation purposes and its intrinsic environmental benefits have led researchers to investigate the mechanical behaviour of this material. However, while a lot of works concern with rammed earth, CEB, and adobe techniques, very few studies are directed towards cob, which is an alternative to the more diffused rammed earth and adobe in specific geographic conditions. Due to this lack, this paper presents an experimental program aimed at assessing the failure mode and the main mechanical properties of cob earth walls (compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio) through monotonic axial compression tests. Results show that, if compared with CEB, adobe, and rammed earth, cob has the lowest compressive strength, the lowest modulus of elasticity, and Poisson’s ratio. Differences are also found by comparing results with those obtained for other cob techniques, underlining both the high regional variability of cob and the need of performing more research on this topic. A strong dependence of material properties on loading rate and water content seems to exist too. Finally, the ability of a common analytical method used for masonry structures (an FEM macromodelling with a total strain rotating crack model) to represent the mechanical behaviour of cob walls is showed.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/259836

Historic masonry buildings and global modelling through the EFM: comparison between numerical simulation and real behaviour through a case study
Colloqui.AT.e 2017 - DEMOLITION OR RECONSTRUCTION?
Autore/i: Maracchini, G; Quagliarini, E; Clementi, Francesco; Monni, F.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: In Europa, la valutazione sismica degli edifici storici in muratura costi-tuisce una problematica di primaria importanza, a causa dell’intrinseco valore cul-turale e delle funzioni che tali edifici mantengono ancora oggi. In questo campo vengono adoperate diverse strategie di modellazione, generalmente classificate sulla base del tipo di risposta sismica che tendono a rappresentare (locale o globale). Tra i metodi di analisi della risposta globale, la modellazione solida FEM costituisce attualmente il miglior compromesso tra accuratezza, generalità di applicazione e onere computazionale. Tuttavia, nella pratica professionale vengono generalmente preferiti metodi di modellazione semplificati, i quali richiedono un minore onere computazionale e un minor numero di parametri meccanici. Tra di essi, il modello a Telaio Equivalente (EFM) è attualmente il più diffuso. Al fine di offrire un con-tributo alla validazione di tale metodo, in questo lavoro vengono riportati i primi risultati di uno studio concernente la modellazione di un edificio storico in muratura parte di un aggregato edilizio di cui risulta disponibile lo stato di danneggiamento reale causato da un recente evento sismico. Tale edificio è caratterizzato da una disposizione delle aperture per la maggior parte regolare, fattore fondamentale nella modellazione a telaio. Le problematiche di modellazione tipiche dell’approccio a telaio vengono affrontate nello stesso modo in cui vengono affrontate nella pratica professionale. I risultati delle simulazioni numeriche vengono dunque confrontati con il danneggiamento reale riscontrato durante le fasi di rilievo post-sismico. Come atteso, le simulazioni numeriche riescono a cogliere lo stato di danneggiamento in termini di concentrazione del danno. Tuttavia, le modalità di danno riscontrate ri-sultano spesso differenti da quelle reali, specialmente nelle fasce di piano. Ciò evi-denzia la necessità di un aggiornamento del modello tramite l’aumento del livello di conoscenza della struttura.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255514

Vulnerabilità degli edifici esistenti: utilizzo e limiti di procedure e metodi adottati nella pratica ingegneristica per la sua valutazione e riduzione
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca
Editore: Università Politecnica delle Marche
Classificazione: 8 Tesi di dottorato
Abstract: Il problema della mitigazione del rischio sismico degli edifici esistenti è in Italia una questione di primaria importanza, sia a causa dell’elevata vulnerabilità strutturale di gran parte del patrimonio edilizio esistente, sia a causa, nel caso degli edifici storici, del loro valore artistico e culturale. In un’ottica di prevenzione, date le scarse risorse disponibili e data la necessità di intervenire nel minor tempo possibile, risulta fondamentale poter disporre di strumenti affidabili che consentano di evitare inaccurate valutazioni di sicurezza sismica. La presente tesi affronta quindi alcune delle problematiche più importanti presenti nella pratica ingegneristica nella valutazione della sicurezza degli edifici esistenti, con particolare riferimento agli edifici in muratura ed in cemento armato. In particolare, dopo aver brevemente descritto le principali vulnerabilità degli edifici in muratura, viene presentata quindi una analisi critica approfondita della letteratura disponibile del metodo di modellazione a telaio equivalente. Tale metodo risulta essere oggi lo strumento di modellazione più diffuso nella pratica ingegneristica oltre ad essere consigliato da diversi codici normativi nazionali e internazionali. Da tale analisi, sono stati definiti limiti e campi d’applicazione per il suo corretto di utilizzo. In particolare, il telaio equivalente può essere utilizzato come primo approccio di tipo conservativo per lo studio della risposta sismica di edifici caratterizzati da un comportamento scatolare a prevalente risposta nel piano e con una disposizione delle aperture pressoché regolare. Diversamente da quanto accade per gli edifici esistenti in muratura, i metodi di modellazione utilizzati nella valutazione sismica degli edifici in cemento armato risultano piuttosto consolidati anche nella pratica ingegneristica. In questo caso, le maggiori fonti di incertezza presenti nella valutazione sono fornite dalla stima delle caratteristiche meccaniche delle proprietà meccaniche in situ del calcestruzzo gettato in opera. L’alta dispersione dei parametri meccanici spesso presente all’interno degli edifici esistenti in c.a., rende infatti ardua la loro rappresentazione. In questa tesi, viene proposto e applicato a sei casi studio un metodo statistico per la caratterizzazione meccanica del calcestruzzo capace di isolare alcune delle fonti di dispersione. Dall’analisi dei risultati è emerso come tale metodo sia capace di fornire una rappresentazione più accurata della dispersione effettivamente presente e di ridurre la dispersione dei risultati delle prove in situ.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/245616

Preliminary study of the influence of different modelling choices and materials properties uncertainties on the seismic assessment of an existing RC school building
Proceedings INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016)
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; Clementi, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.; Monni, F.
Editore: AIP Conference Proceedings
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: This paper studies the influence of some aleatory and epistemic uncertainties on the seismic behaviour of an existing RC school building through a codified sensitivity analysis that uses pushover analyses and a logic tree approach. The considered epistemic uncertainties, i.e. diaphragm stiffness and modelling of stairs, seem not influencing the final assessment in term of index of seismic risk. Vice versa, aleatory ones, i.e. concrete and steel mechanical properties, strongly affect the Index. For this reason, investigations and tests should focus on the study of the mechanical properties, and, in particular, on the study of columns’ concrete mechanical properties, which have the largest impact on the building seismic response.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/250263

Uses and limits of the Equivalent Frame Model on existing unreinforced masonry buildings for assessing their seismic risk: a review
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Quagliarini, E.; Maracchini, G.; Clementi, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Since the late 1970s, nonlinear static analysis have had an increasing use in the seismic assessment of existing unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. Different modeling strategies can be used to evaluate the global seismic response of these buildings, such as the Continuous Constitutive Laws Model (CCLM) and the Equivalent Frame Model (EFM). Despite the CCLM modelling approach seems to be the most suitable at this aim, it needs many input data, that are often quite difficult to be known, and requires a high computational effort. For this reason, the EFM, which is based on strongly simplified hypotheses, is preferred in professional practice, where a small computational burden and a time- and cost-saving structural analysis by using few mechanical parameters is needed. In this paper, a review of its uses and limits is proposed, in order to identify the most critical issues and define its proper use in professional practice when applied to existing URM buildings. As a result, it is highlighted that the EFM can be reasonably used as a first conservative approach for the seismic assessment of existing URM buildings with box behaviour and quite regular opening patterns. Thus, up to now, from this review its use is encouraged in seismic analysis of existing URM buildings after providing them a reduction of their floors and roofs deformability, an adequate wall-to-floor and wall-to-roof connections and a regularization of the opening patterns.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246021

Strengthening three-leaf masonry with basalt fibre: Experimental and numerical data
AIP Conference Proceedings
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.; Maracchini, G.
Editore: American Institute of Physics Inc.
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/268566

Experimental assessment of concrete compressive strength in old existing RC buildings: a possible way to reduce the dispersion of DT results
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Quagliarini, E.; Clementi, F.; Maracchini, G.; Monni, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Reliable appraisal of the in situ compressive strength is a key challenge in the seismic assessment of existing RC structures, due to its high variability throughout them and because it often represents the most important strength parameter adopted in the structural analyses. For this reason, in this paper a procedure to obtain a more accurate concrete strength characterization is proposed and applied to several case studies. The method provides a reduction of test results’ variability by taking into account the influence of casting operations on it and may support existing codes for a correct in-place concrete strength evaluation.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/241351

Caratteristiche Tipologiche e Vulnerabilità Sismiche degli Edifici Scolastici costruiti in Italia nel Secondo Dopoguerra
Colloqui.AT.e 2015 L'evoluzione del sapere in Architettura Tecnica
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; Clementi, Francesco; Monni, Francesco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano
Editore: Ar.Tec. Associazione Scientica per la Promozione dei Rapporti tra Architettura e Tecniche dell’Edilizia
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/245635

Post-World War II Italian school buildings: typical and specific seismic vulnerabilities
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Clementi, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Maracchini, G.; Lenci, S.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Structures belonging to the same type and built in the same period may share similar geometrical and spatial characteristics. When these features also affect the seismic response of the buildings, they are referred to as typical seismic vulnerabilities. When a building presents one or more of these typical vulnerabilities, some general and qualitative considerations on its seismic behaviour can be made a priori, considering their actual influence on the seismic behaviour of other similar cases. In this work, we propose and apply a specific procedure based on a priori considerations to a specific building type: the post-World War II Italian Schools. To this purpose, we first improved our knowledge about this type of building, pointing out typical and specific seismic vulnerabilities by studying the standard architectural principles suggested by the main manuals and laws of that time. Then, in order to find how these typological features affect the global seismic behaviour of the examined structures, we analysed a real case study representative of the entire building type. Pushover and Nonlinear Dynamic analyses have been carried out, considering four different models, representing three different configurations that may result from different combinations of the most significant typical vulnerabilities.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/227980