Enrico QUAGLIARINI

Pubblicazioni

Enrico QUAGLIARINI

 

340 pubblicazioni classificate nel seguente modo:

Nr. doc. Classificazioni
162 1 Contributo su Rivista
120 2 Contributo in Volume
43 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
6 3 Libro
6 7 Curatele
2 5 Altro
1 6 Brevetti
Anno
Risorse
2018
MODELLING HUMAN MOTION IN FLOOD EVACUATION: PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Atti del XXXVI Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche
Autore/i: Postacchini, Matteo; Ascenzi, MARIA BEATRICE; Ramona, Bruni; Finizio, Fiorenza; Bernardini, Gabriele; Quagliarini, Enrico; Brocchini, Maurizio; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Human behaviors in flood emergency affect individuals’ safety levels in urban scenarios. Evacuation simulators are needed to fully perform risk assessment and risk-reduction solutions evaluations. Volunteers are engaged in laboratory experiments to propose floodwaters-evacuation motion relations. A mannequin (representing an adult) is used for determining human stability limits in floodwaters. Preliminary results are compared to previous works and relations could be added to evacuation simulators.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/263430 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
Spazi architettonici cognitivi per la sicurezza delle persone in emergenza: verso lo sviluppo di componenti edili interattivi (Cognitive built environment for user’s safety: towards intelligenti building components for emergency support)
Colloqui.AT.e 2018. Edilizia Circolare
Autore/i: Santarelli, Silvia; Bernardini, Gabriele; Quagliarini, Enrico; D’Orazio, Marco
Editore: Edicom Editore
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/268586 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
La conservazione dell’ambiente ipogeo di Palazzo Campana: monitoraggi e prove di caratterizzazione propedeutici all’intervento
ReUSO 2018 - L’intreccio Dei Saperi per Rispettare Il Passato Interpretare Il Presente Salvaguardare Il Futuro
Autore/i: Gregorini, Benedetta; Gianangeli, Andrea; Bernardini, Gabriele; D’Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico
Editore: Gangemi Editore
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/268647 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
Earthquakes in historical city centers:methods for urban paths risk assessment and emergency availability based on historical buildings vulnerability
ReUSO 2018 - L’intreccio Dei Saperi per Rispettare Il Passato Interpretare Il Presente Salvaguardare Il Futuro
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Santarelli, Silvia; D’Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico
Editore: Gangemi Editore
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/268646 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
A “smart” low-impact system for guaranteeing sustainable visitors’ access
HERITAGE 2018. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development
Autore/i: Gregorini, B.; Bernardini, G.; Gianangeli, A.; Quagliarini, E.; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: Green Line Institute
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/268581 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
Multi-hazard emergency management in historical centers: methods and tools for increasing mass-gathering safety in case of earthquake
TEMA
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; David, Chiara; Santarelli, Silvia; Quagliarini, Enrico; D’Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The use of historic city centers for touristic purposes, i.e. mass gatherings events (MEs), needs a multi-hazard approach which should jointly consider building heritage and hosted individuals’ emergency safety, by including effects of individuals’ behaviors to provide effective riskreduction strategies (i.e.: interventions on critical Building Heritage; outdoor spaces layout reorganization; emergency management; wayfinding systems;). This work evidences the capabilities of such approach in case of MEs-earthquake emergency combinations, by taking advantaging of a validated evacuation simulator, through a case-study application
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/268590 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
On the Modelling of Algal Biofouling Growth on Nano-TiO2 Coated and Uncoated Limestones and Sandstones
COATINGS
Autore/i: Graziani, L; Quagliarini, E
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Algal biofouling on archaeological and historic materials, as well as in modern building façade, is a common phenomenon that occurs when microorganisms of various nature adhere to the material, forming biological stains and patinas. It can significantly deteriorate the aesthetic and even mechanical quality of historic and archaeological artifacts. Thus, predicting the colonization progress of algae on treated and untreated materials can be helpful to establish appropriate schedules and methods of maintenance. In this way, the aim of this research was to modelize the algal colonization on nano-TiO2 coated and uncoated stone surfaces, usually found in historic and archaeological artifacts, by following Avrami’s theory. Particular attention was paid on correlating the model with some properties of the substrate, like roughness and porosity. Biofouling was tested on two sandstones and three limestone with different intrinsic characteristics (porosity, roughness) by means of an accelerated lab-scale test. A suspension of green alga Chlorella mirabilis and cyanobacteria Chroococcidiopsis fissurarum was used as biofouling. Digital image analysis was carried out in order to find the attachment rate and the growth of algal spots. Results show that the attachment specific rate increased linearly with time, and the assumption of a constant growth rate was acceptable. A good agreement between the simulation and the experimental results was obtained with a maximum error of 0.59%.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/257847 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
Is nano-TiO2 alone an effective strategy for the maintenance of stones in Cultural Heritage?
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Graziani, Lorenzo; Diso, Daniela; Licciulli, Antonio; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: TiO2-based nanocoatings have been becoming more and more widespread during last years in Cultural Heritage: they seem to be able to keep stone surfaces self-cleaned and to prevent the formation of biofouling. However, the efficiency of these coatings is strongly dependent on the substrate (i.e.: porosity and roughness) and on the amount of TiO2. Thus, this study experimentally investigates on the self-cleaning and anti-biofouling efficiency of a nano-TiO2 dispersion (without any organic or inorganic additive) applied on six different types of natural stones (three limestones, two sandstones and one tuff) usually used in Cultural Heritage, where high porosity and roughness can be found and the TiO2 amount cannot be increased in order to avoid any chromatic variation of the substrate. Water was used as solvent so as to reduce the risk of exposition of hazardous materials and to eliminate any chemical action on stones. The self-cleaning power of the coating was evaluated by measuring its ability at discolouring organic dye Methylene Blue, while its anti-biofouling efficiency was assessed by an accelerated growth test under controlled climatic conditions of two algal microorganisms, namely Chlorella mirabilis and Chroococcidiopsis fissurarum. Results show that, even if the photocatalytic and biocide power of nano-TiO2 itself is well known in literature, its application for the maintenance of stones in Cultural Heritage does not seem to be an effective strategy, especially when stones are highly porous and rough. Roughness and porosity of stones, in fact, can limit the efficiency of TiO2, which is thus not able to powerfully keep the stone substrate cleaned or slow down algal proliferation
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/258024 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
Earthquake building debris estimation in historic city centres: From real world data to experimental-based criteria
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Autore/i: Santarelli, Silvia; Bernardini, Gabriele; Quagliarini, Enrico
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Safety and availability of urban paths in case of earthquake depend on buildings vulnerability and related produced debris on streets, especially in historic city centres. Predicting probable critical debris amounts on evacuation paths (i.e.: up to path blockage) can help safety planners to propose focused interventions on buildings, to design more effective emergency plans and to improve the effectiveness of rescuers’ actions while supporting evacuees during first emergency phases. This way, this work proposes new experimentally-based correlations aimed at estimating the amount of external debris for historic masonry buildings (in terms of percentage of facing street area occupied by debris and related debris depth) depending on the vulnerability of these buildings, on the seismic magnitude, and (for the first time) on the combination of these two factors and the path geometric ratio (i.e.: building height versus facing street width), so as to consider the effect of different urban contexts. Different vulnerability assessment methods are also considered to generalise the proposed methodology. Finally, starting from obtained experimental correlations, the method is tested on one case study to demonstrate its capabilities in post-earthquake scenario prevision. The method could be a fundamental tool for the assessment of possible paths blockages and “average” available space for evacuees’ emergency motion along paths. Localizing these emergency interferences on an urban map will allow planners to propose specific risk-reduction strategies in the urban scenario.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/259837 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
Evacuation paths in historic city centres: A holistic methodology for assessing their seismic risk
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele; Santarelli, Silvia; Lucesoli, Michele
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: During seismic emergencies in historical urban scenarios, evacuation paths can suffer significant damages and modifications due to both extrinsic (i.e.: building facing the path) and intrinsic (i.e.: pavements state, the presence of underground lifelines or hypogeum) vulnerabilities. Such damages and modifications can hinder the population's evacuation and the first responders’ intervention, mainly because of paths' blockage or unavailability in emergency conditions. Paths’ safety is additionally affected by populations’ exposure conditions, also due to individuals’ motion in the post-earthquake environment. Hence, an analysis of factors influencing the seismic risk of evacuation paths and a consequent evaluation of their safety during the emergency are thus desirable. This work aims to offer a preliminary and quick holistic method for seismic risk assessment and damage level estimation of possible evacuation paths. Firstly, data about safety influencing factors (i.e.: path use and exposure; geometric features; physical-structural features; extrinsic vulnerability; seismic hazard) are collected, associated to related weights and organized in risk indexes according to three calculation approaches. Then, according to real-world data, a correlation about path risk-damage levels is proposed with the additional purpose to evaluate the method capabilities in describing post-earthquake scenarios. Obtained results evidence that the proposed methodology could help safety designers in the seismic emergency planning of urban paths (i.e.: by means of risk maps) by including the management of population's evacuation routes towards assembly points, the optimization of rescuers’ activities and the promotion of different priorities of interventions on building heritage
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/259835 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
Experimental and FEM Investigation of Cob Walls under Compression
ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Maracchini, Gianluca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Earth has been used as construction material since prehistoric times, and it is still utilized nowadays in both developed and developing countries. Heritage conservation purposes and its intrinsic environmental benefits have led researchers to investigate the mechanical behaviour of this material. However, while a lot of works concern with rammed earth, CEB, and adobe techniques, very few studies are directed towards cob, which is an alternative to the more diffused rammed earth and adobe in specific geographic conditions. Due to this lack, this paper presents an experimental program aimed at assessing the failure mode and the main mechanical properties of cob earth walls (compressive strength, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio) through monotonic axial compression tests. Results show that, if compared with CEB, adobe, and rammed earth, cob has the lowest compressive strength, the lowest modulus of elasticity, and Poisson’s ratio. Differences are also found by comparing results with those obtained for other cob techniques, underlining both the high regional variability of cob and the need of performing more research on this topic. A strong dependence of material properties on loading rate and water content seems to exist too. Finally, the ability of a common analytical method used for masonry structures (an FEM macromodelling with a total strain rotating crack model) to represent the mechanical behaviour of cob walls is showed.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/259836 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
An innovative technique for confinement of historical masonry columns: Experimental results
Proceedings of the International Masonry Society Conferences
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Geminiani, S.; Schiavoni, M.; Tirabassi, M.; Lenci, S.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/324994 Collegamento a IRIS

2018
New indices for the existing city-centers streets network reliability and availability assessment in earthquake emergency
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
Autore/i: Santarelli, Silvia; Bernardini, Gabriele; Quagliarini, Enrico; D’Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: During earthquake emergencies in existing city-centers, streets network permits inhabitants to reach safe areas, and rescuers to access damaged zones and help population. However, the network can suffer from blocks due to debris of collapsed or heavily damaged buildings. Understanding urban fabric modifications and classifying elements vulnerability are fundamental steps while dealing with risk-assessment and risk-reduction strategies. This article offers a first quick approach for assessing seismic vulnerability of paths network by considering interferences with building heritage damages. Quick data about existing urban fabric (e.g., buildings typology; streets and buildings geometries) are combined for developing new vulnerability indices for streets network. The earthquake macroseismic intensity is introduced for evaluating probable street blockages and summarizing the overall rating of risks in critical network locations, thus intensity that is not included in other current quick methods for streets-building interference is here taken into account. Risk-reduction strategies based on the proposed indices could minimize the interventions on architectural heritage, maximizing the safety of evacuees. These new indices could be combined with traditional assessment of buildings vulnerability, and evaluations on pedestrians’ and vehicles evacuation flows, for evaluating management strategies
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255384 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Historic masonry buildings and global modelling through the EFM: comparison between numerical simulation and real behaviour through a case study
Colloqui.AT.e 2017 - DEMOLITION OR RECONSTRUCTION?
Autore/i: Maracchini, G; Quagliarini, E; Clementi, Francesco; Monni, F.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: In Europa, la valutazione sismica degli edifici storici in muratura costi-tuisce una problematica di primaria importanza, a causa dell’intrinseco valore cul-turale e delle funzioni che tali edifici mantengono ancora oggi. In questo campo vengono adoperate diverse strategie di modellazione, generalmente classificate sulla base del tipo di risposta sismica che tendono a rappresentare (locale o globale). Tra i metodi di analisi della risposta globale, la modellazione solida FEM costituisce attualmente il miglior compromesso tra accuratezza, generalità di applicazione e onere computazionale. Tuttavia, nella pratica professionale vengono generalmente preferiti metodi di modellazione semplificati, i quali richiedono un minore onere computazionale e un minor numero di parametri meccanici. Tra di essi, il modello a Telaio Equivalente (EFM) è attualmente il più diffuso. Al fine di offrire un con-tributo alla validazione di tale metodo, in questo lavoro vengono riportati i primi risultati di uno studio concernente la modellazione di un edificio storico in muratura parte di un aggregato edilizio di cui risulta disponibile lo stato di danneggiamento reale causato da un recente evento sismico. Tale edificio è caratterizzato da una disposizione delle aperture per la maggior parte regolare, fattore fondamentale nella modellazione a telaio. Le problematiche di modellazione tipiche dell’approccio a telaio vengono affrontate nello stesso modo in cui vengono affrontate nella pratica professionale. I risultati delle simulazioni numeriche vengono dunque confrontati con il danneggiamento reale riscontrato durante le fasi di rilievo post-sismico. Come atteso, le simulazioni numeriche riescono a cogliere lo stato di danneggiamento in termini di concentrazione del danno. Tuttavia, le modalità di danno riscontrate ri-sultano spesso differenti da quelle reali, specialmente nelle fasce di piano. Ciò evi-denzia la necessità di un aggiornamento del modello tramite l’aumento del livello di conoscenza della struttura.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255514 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Evacuazione post-sisma nei centri storici: dalla stima del danno alla mitigazione del rischio per la popolazione
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: D’Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.; Bernardini, G.; Santarelli, Silvia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Comprendere quanto le macerie causate dal sisma influenzino le capacità del sistema viario d’emergenza ha un ruolo centrale per la sicurezza degli evacuanti e la pianificazione delle operazioni di soccorso, soprattutto nei centri storici
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255398 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Experimental investigation of masonry columns strengthening using basalt fibre ropes: first results
REHAB 2017
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Vaccarini, M.; Lenci, S.
Editore: Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255486 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Progettazione sostenibile degli spazi architettonici: ripartiamo dagli utenti
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: D’Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.; Bernardini, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255408 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Soluzioni di wayfinding non invasive per aumentare la sicurezza antincendio negli edifici storici
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; D’Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Fire safety codes in Building Heritage generally suggest to increase number and dimension of exits and paths so as to reduce the needed egress time. Similar solutions clearly clash with preservation criteria because introduce massive modifications to the original building layout. On the contrary, the “behavioural design” approach tries to solve this conflict by proposing not-invasive solutions based on effective human behaviours. Instead of modifying the building layout, wayfinding solutions can reduce the needed egress time by improving the occupants’ use of paths during the evacuation process. An innovative wayfinding system based on photoluminescent materials (visible in all illumination and smoke conditions) and continuous signage system is proposed. Drills in a significant case study (an historic Italian- style theatre) shows that the maximum egress time decreases of about 26% in comparison to the traditional wayfinding systems, and without any building layout modifications.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255402 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Riduzione del rischio sismico e retrofitting degli edifici scolastici: il caso della scuola “Puccini” di Senigallia (AN)
Colloqui.AT.e 2017. DEMOLITION OR RECONSTRUCTION?
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.; Clementi, Francesco
Editore: Edicom edizioni, Monfalcone (Gorizia)
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255484 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
L’emergenza sismica nei centri storici in caso di grande affollamento: dall’analisi del comportamento agli strumenti progettuali
Colloqui.AT.e 2017 - DEMOLITION OR RECONSTRUCTION?
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; David, C.; Santarelli, Silvia; Quagliarini, E.; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: Edicom edizioni, Monfalcone (Gorizia)
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255522 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Soluzioni non invasive per la sicurezza urbana post-sisma: valutazione di un sistema di guida dell’evacuazione
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: D’Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.; Bernardini, G.; Santarelli, Silvia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: I sistemi di wayfinding possono aumentare la sicurezza delle persone agevolando l’efficace e autonomo raggiungimento delle zone sicure urbane, dopo aver percepito l’evento sismico
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255401 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Grandi eventi e terrorismo: la progettazione consapevole della sicurezza delle persone
ANTINCENDIO
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; Quagliarini, E.; D’Orazio, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: I recenti attentati terroristici di Nizza, Parigi, Manchester e Barcellona, nonché l’evento di Piazza San Carlo a Torino hanno sollevato problematiche significative per la sicurezza alle persone negli spazi architettonici, sia all’interno degli edifici che negli spazi urbani, e specialmente in caso di grandi eventi e pubbliche manifestazioni. Queste emergenze invitano a considerare come, specialmente in condizioni di grande affollamento, il rischio per gli occupanti sia fortemente influenzato dall’interazione tra uomo, il layout spaziale, i danni ambientali (inclusi incendi a seguito di esplosioni), le procedure di emergenza, i sistemi di assistenza nell’evacuazione e la gestione da parte dei soccorritori e delle Forze dell’Ordine. La circolare del Ministero degli Interni del 7 giugno 2017 e le successive direttive indicano i criteri da adottare per assicurare un adeguato livello di “safety” alle persone, presentando gli elementi della normativa cogente per l’antincendio nei luoghi di pubblico spettacolo e negli impianti sportivi. Parallelamente, l’analisi di eventi reali ci suggerisce come comprendere e modellare i comportamenti e le scelte che le persone adottano durante il processo di emergenza ed evacuazione possano essere utili al design degli organismi edili e alla pianificazione “integrata” della sicurezza in essi di fronte a questi scenari di crisi. Come già è stato per il fenomeno incendio (grazie alla Fire Safety Engineering), la progettazione degli spazi architettonici può essere quindi arricchita da questi aspetti anche per questo genere di disastri. Tramite analisi preliminari eventi reali, questo contributo vuole delineare alcune riflessioni preliminari sui punti critici dell’emergenza attentato anche in raffronto alle condizioni di sicurezza delle persone in evento di incendio.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255396 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Basalt fiber continuous stitchings for strengthening the dry stone masonry of the Lossetti Tower in Beura-Cardezza (Italy)
TEMA
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Dry stone masonry is widely used in rural and mountain regions and its consolidation is a challenge issue if it is wanted to preserve the peculiarities of masonry texture. In this paper is presented the design approach used for consolidation intervention of Lossetti Tower - a medieval dry stone watchtower located in Beura-Cardezza (Italy, Piemonte Region) - using the technique of continuous basalt fibres stitching, consisting in creating a mesh of BF ropes, which pass through the masonry thickness and tie blocks together. A 3D laser scanner survey of the tower was executed and, to evaluate the technique effectiveness, diagonal compression test on masonry specimens was done, in order to develop a tailored design of the strengthening intervention, in perfect compatibility with the original structures
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255483 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Il “Behavioural Design” per la sicurezza sostenibile nel (e del) Building Heritage
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: D’Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.; Bernardini, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Basare le soluzioni per la sicurezza negli ambienti storici a partire dalle esigenze in emergenza degli occupanti permette di dare un valido supporto alle persone pur rispettando i caratteri architettonici
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255397 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Interazione uomo-ambiente nelle aule scolastiche: driving factors per la progettazione di soluzioni sostenibili
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele; Stazi, Francesca; Naspi, Federica
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/252001 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Il “Behavioural Design” degli spazi architettonici: verso un approccio smart e sostenibile della progettazione
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: D’Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.; Bernardini, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The common schematic and deterministic approach to architectural design generally consider that planned spaces and facilities could be able to activate intended users’ behaviors. However, real-world scenarios, at different built environment scales and in both normal and emergency situations, stress differences between “theoretical” solutions and users’ responses. This work would like to outline the potentialities of a behavioural-based approach to architectural strategies definition. By adopting an experimental- based methodology (which includes: understanding human behaviors by analyzing experiments and real-world conditions; developing behavioural simulation models; using developed simulator to assess critical man-environment interactions, and evaluate the impact of interferences-reduction strategies), the proposed “Behavioural Design” (BD) would like to adapt architectural spaces depending on human behaviors, so as to correctly supply the needed help to occupants. As main case-studies, BD can be applied to individuals’ safety and indoor environmental quality.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255403 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Internal insulation solutions for a historic building renovation: a probabilistic approach for the affordability assessment
TEMA
Autore/i: DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa; Iannaccone, Monica; Telloni, Martina; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper presents the application of a probabilistic LCC method for the assessment of the affordability of alternative internal insulation measures in a historic building. The work, based on a Monte-Carlo approach for uncertainty analysis, particularly focuses on the characterisation of the stochastic inputs of the assessment, related to the specific design options chosen, highlighting the main assumptions and data fitting procedures applied on available data. The probabilistic LCC application shows a great potential in providing realistic information about results uncertainties and enabling useful analysis of potential benefits of a design option.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/250004 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Algoritmi di ottimizzazione del comfort termico e di qualità dell’aria nelle scuole: sviluppo di un sistema BD-based
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Stazi, Francesca; Bernardini, Gabriele; Naspi, Federica; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Ulpiani, Giulia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/252002 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Modelli comportamentali e indicatori prestazionali per la valutazione dell’emergenza sismica a scala urbana
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: D’Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.; Bernardini, G.; Santarelli, Silvia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Earthquake effects on urban scenarios (as building damage, debris on streets, urban fires) influence human psychological, perceptual and behavioural responses in emergency evacuation. Man-environment interactions should be included for a more effective safety assessment but i.e. Italian guidelines, especially at urban scale, do not consider them at all. According to Behavioural Design approach, an experimental-based seismic evacuation simulator is developed. As in Fire Safety Engineering methods for egress analysis, simulator applications on a given scenario allow to assess the impact of individuals’ behaviors on their safety levels. Safety criteria (i.e.: flows along paths, safe area choice and time to reach it, debris influence, trapped people, and their combination) could be joined with traditional evaluations to obtain risk maps, so as to locate critical elements, propose and place interventions (e.g.: on buildings; on emergency plans; wayfinding systems), and compare related different scenarios
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255405 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Livelli di comfort e consumi energetici negli edifici: verso una progettazione basata sul comportamento degli utenti
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele; Stazi, Francesca; Naspi, Federica
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/252000 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Wayfinding e gestione dell’esodo in caso di incendio nei teatri storici: soluzioni innovative (e sostenibili) a confronto
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; Quagliarini, E.; D’Orazio, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In case of fire, the rapid and correct evacuation of autonomous occupants from Building Heritage can be ensured thorugh wayfinding systems, so as to focus rescuers’ operations on disabled people. These solutions have a low impact on the building since they do not need layout modifications. Contrary to “passive” signage, “active” (intelligent) wayfinding systems monitor human egress process, fire spreading and building damages, and suggest best escape paths depending on these conditions. According to a Behavioural Design approach, this work proposes a low-impact Intelligent Evacuation Guidance Systems-IEGS focused on the human egress behaviors tracking. Sensors data are collected by a central unit, which find the best evacuation route avoiding the use of overcrowded building areas (corridors, staircases, geometrical bottlenecks). Finally, interactive signs (placed at doors and paths intersections) point out these recommended directions to evacuees. The system effectiveness is evaluated by means of egress simulations on a case study (the “Gentile da Fabriano” theatre in Fabriano, Italy), by using a validated simulator developed by our research group. The scenario includes the presence of disabled occupants and related rescuers’ operations. The theater egress time is significantly reduced (up to -32%) by using the active system in respect to the passive one
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255406 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Earthquake safety in historic city centres: how to plan evacuation routes by considering environmental and behavioural factors
REHAB 2017
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; Santarelli, Silvia; Quagliarini, E.; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: As shown by recent Italian earthquakes, historic city centers placed in earthquake prone areas are critical scenarios for the inhabitants’ safety. They are characterized by complex and com-pact urban fabric and also by significant population presence (including tourists who are gen-erally not familiar with the urban layout). The most important role in case of earthquake emergency is assigned to streets and public spaces, that are used as evacuation paths and safe-ty areas. Current emergency management procedures are generally based on outcomes of ge-ometrical aspects (ratio between buildings heights and street width) or on built environment vulnerability analysis, but completely overlook the human factor. On the contrary, in case of earthquake evacuation, the population has to face with the post-event environment, including modifications due to the earthquake (debris, ruins, possibility to use certain paths): people should gain assembly points by preferring the less dangerous conditions in terms of damaged buildings and bottlenecks due to pedestrians’ evacuation flows. Starting from this point of view, this work provides bases for the definition a novel risk index for streets in earthquake emergency scenarios based on environmental risk level for the possible paths, positions and possible choices of evacuating population and related possible presence of slowing down in the motion process (especially in urban scenarios characterized by high population density or presence of tourists, who can be foreign with the city map). For each street along each possi-ble evacuation path, the evaluation algorithm combines: Vp as the vulnerability of buildings; Cp as the estimation of buildings damages and ruins presence along the street, in function of the earthquake intensity; Pp as the presence of risks with possible fatalities (e.g.: explosion risk); LOSp as level of service [m2/person] for evacuation speeds estimation and prediction of possible bottlenecks. Each factor is associated to a weight according to MCDM criteria. Capa-bilities of the algorithm are evaluated on a case study (the historic city center of Civitanova Marche, MC, Italy) through the application of an Earthquake Pedestrians’ Evacuation Simula-tor (EPES). Results shows how the proposed evaluation method underlines critical environ-mental conditions for man-environment interactions and suggest the definition of a map for priority interventions on building heritage in order to reduce these hazardous conditions for population
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255417 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Earthquakes and historic masonry buildings: an experimentally based algorithm for debris formation prediction
REHAB 2017 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Preservation, Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings and Structures
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; Santarelli, Silvia; Quagliarini, E.; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development
Luogo di pubblicazione: Barcelos
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Immediately after an earthquake, the emergency paths play an important role for evacuees and rescuers in historic centres. Especially in historical scenarios, earthquake effects could affect the mobility system and interaction between people and modified scenario. The spreading of debris from damaged buildings on the paths could obstacle the citizens’ evacuation to safe points and rescue operations. For this reason, defining quick criteria about seismic behaviours of historic building and related debris formation along streets and public spaces are the first steps in defining effective damage scenario maps, designing risk reduction interventions on critical areas, evaluating emergency plans and innovative risk-reduction tools for helping peo-ples. The present work offers an experimental relationship for the estimation of external debris for-mation (amount of debris along streets) by means of post-earthquake aerial images of Italian historic centres (images of the immediate aftermath of L’Aquila-2009 and Emilia-2012 earth-quakes are examined). For each building, the quick proposed algorithm evaluates the percent-ages of external debris area (along the facing street) as function of its vulnerability and earth-quake magnitude (Richter scale). The algorithm is firstly validated by comparing predicted and effective values of ruins area depths in the considered case-studies. Similar debris estimation relationships could offer significant information for evaluating risk levels in street network damages and could be also combined with simulations about probable pedestrians’ evacuation in post-earthquake scenario. Results will be useful in order to reduce the identified interfer-ences between built environment and evacuation process through interventions on critical his-toric buildings (in their relations with the street network elements) and strategies for emer-gency management.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255416 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Cultural Heritage and Earthquake: The Case Study of “Santa Maria Della Carità” in Ascoli Piceno
THE OPEN CIVIL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Autore/i: Clementi, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Monni, F.; Giordano, E.; Lenci, S.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/252430 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Flexible repointing of historical facing-masonry column-type specimens with basalt fibers: A first insight
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Monni, Francesco; Greco, Federica; Lenci, Stefano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246856 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Seismic assessment of cultural heritage: Nonlinear 3D analyses of “Santa Maria della Carità” in Ascoli Piceno
Proceedings of the 6th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Clementi, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Giordano, E.; Lenci, S.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: In this paper a masonry church is analysed in order to assess its seismic vulnerability with respect to the actual state of conservation, including past retrofitting. The case study is the “Santa Maria della Carità” church, located in Ascoli Piceno, a small town of Marche region, in the Centre of Italy, where two major earthquakes occurred in August and in October 2016, causing widespread damage. The church has a large historical, architectural value because is one of the most important example of the Barocco age in the region, and contains a lot of precious paintings of local artists. Moreover it has also a social value for the city of Ascoli Piceno, because it is the only one that is opened to the devotees for every moment of day and night. Stroked also by the L’Aquila earthquakes (2009) the church was subjected to a retrofit intervention (2010), in order to obtain a better “box-like behaviour”. Churches are usually characterised by a high seismic vulnerability due to their structural and geometric configurations, heterogeneous and deteriorated materials. These structures have very large and high external walls without internal orthogonal walls: the space thus created is often covered by some thin vaults or thrusting arches. In this work using an advanced FEM approach (a 3D nonlinear solid numerical model has been used to evaluate the seismic capacity) the structure has been studied to establish its significant deficiencies, in order to obtain a clear understanding of the structural behavior. The results should be useful to design a reliable strengthening intervention, but they could be also extrapolated to the wide variety of historical churches, and generalized for a wide masonry building category.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251271 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Functionalised exposed building materials: Self-cleaning, photocatalytic and biofouling abilities
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
Autore/i: Tobaldi, D. M.; Graziani, L.; Seabra, M. P.; Hennetier, L.; Ferreira, P.; Quagliarini, E.; Labrincha, J. A.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: With the advent of urbanisation, there was a considerable and progressive worsening of urban air quality. Amongst the solutions proposed by scientific research, photocatalysis proved itself to be one of the most promising. In the present work, commercial glazed ceramic tiles were functionalised with a micrometric TiO2 layer adopting an industrial-like process. It was purposely chosen to avoid the use of nanoparticles because they might be inhaled and come into direct contact with the cells of the human organism during the industrial processing. Additionally, the self-cleaning, photocatalytic – the former by means of liquid-solid phase photocatalytic tests and water contact angle measurements; the latter against nitrogen oxides abatement – and biofouling abilities of the functionalised materials were thoroughly investigated. Results showed that the functionalised glazed ceramic tile possessed excellent self-cleaning and photocatalytic properties. As per the algal growth, surface roughness showed itself to be a key-point: the TiO2 surface layer, giving the material a higher surface roughness compared to the untreated one, had an accelerated algal growth process
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255494 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Strengthening three-leaf masonry with basalt fibre: Experimental and numerical data
AIP Conference Proceedings
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.; Maracchini, G.
Editore: American Institute of Physics Inc.
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/268566 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Pre-tensioned basalt fibers ropes stitching for masonry strengthening against vertical bending: A first experimental insight
Mechanics of Masonry Structures Strengthened with Composite Materials II
Autore/i: Monni, Francesco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano
Editore: Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign aimed at improving the innovative technique of continuos basalt fiber (BF) stitching in order to repair the masonry panels damaged by seismic events or to enhance the seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry walls. The masonry panels were tested under out-of-plane actions, one of the common way of failure for masonry walls during an earthquake. The most significant change introduced respect to the system already tested in previous studies, is the presence of pre-tensioned elements and mechanical anchorage of the BF ropes, always with the end of proposing a dry retrofitting system. The results indicate the effectiveness of this, increasing the performance of masonry wall specimens under outof- plane actions respect to the damaged and unreinforced conditions. Besides, this technique potentially appears fully sustainable, because it is cheap, compatible, reversible, fire, and chemical resistant, it improves but not replaces original materials and, finally, it does not substantially use synthetic adhesives. All these reasons make this novel application of BF ropes fully sustainable and specialized to architectural heritage restoration.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255436 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
How to help elderly in indoor evacuation wayfinding: Design and test of a not-invasive solution for reducing fire egress time in building heritage scenarios
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Quagliarini, Enrico; D’Orazio, Marco; Santarelli, Silvia
Editore: Springer International Publishing AG
Luogo di pubblicazione: Cham
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Population aging increases the importance of emergency safety for elderly, especially in complex and unfamiliar spaces. Individuals who can autonomously move should be encouraged to evacuate by themselves, and adequate help should be provided to them. To this aim, a “behavioral design” approach of these elderly facilities is proposed: understanding behaviors and needs in emergency; designing systems for interacting with them during an emergency; testing solutions in real environment or by using validated simulators. Wayfinding tasks are fundamental aspects in evacuation: elderly have to receive proper information about paths to be used, in the simplest, clearest and most unequivocal way, so as to reduce wrong behavioral choices and building egress time as much as possible. This work proposes a robust wayfinding system based on photoluminescent material (PLM) tiles with continuous applications along paths. Tests concerning a significant case study (an historical theatre) evidence how the proposed system allow to significantly increase elderly evacuation speed (more than 20%) in respect to the traditional system. It could be introduced in other buildings for increasing elderly safety and data are useful to define man-wayfinding systems interactions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255392 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
A more sustainableway for producing RC sandwich panels on-site and in developing countries
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Graziani, Lorenzo; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco; Lenci, Stefano; Scalbi, Agnese
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246855 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
A preliminary combined simulation tool for the risk assessment of pedestrians' flood-induced evacuation
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Postacchini, Matteo; Quagliarini, Enrico; Brocchini, Maurizio; Cianca, Caterina; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251392 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Flooding risk in existing urban environment: From human behavioral patterns to a microscopic simulation model
ENERGY PROCEDIA
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Camilli, Selene; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Climate changes-related floods will seriously strike population in existing urban environment. Despite Current assessment methods seem to underestimate the human behaviors influence on individuals’ safety, especially during outdoor evacuation. Representing pedestrians’ evacuation would allow considering the “human” factor in risk analysis. This work proposes a flood-induced pedestrians’ evacuation simulation model, based on a combined microscopic approach. Behavioral rules, obtained by real events videotapes analyses, are organized in an agent-based model. Motion criteria proposals are based on the Social Force Model. Experimental motion quantities values are offered. The model will be implemented in a risk assessment simulation tool.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255383 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
A Novel and Sustainable Application of Basalt Fibers for Strengthening Unreinforced Masonry Walls
JOURNAL OF NATURAL FIBERS
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Scalbi, Agnese; Monni, Francesco; Lenci, Stefano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246853 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Preliminary study of the influence of different modelling choices and materials properties uncertainties on the seismic assessment of an existing RC school building
Proceedings INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016)
Autore/i: Maracchini, G.; Clementi, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.; Monni, F.
Editore: AIP Conference Proceedings
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: This paper studies the influence of some aleatory and epistemic uncertainties on the seismic behaviour of an existing RC school building through a codified sensitivity analysis that uses pushover analyses and a logic tree approach. The considered epistemic uncertainties, i.e. diaphragm stiffness and modelling of stairs, seem not influencing the final assessment in term of index of seismic risk. Vice versa, aleatory ones, i.e. concrete and steel mechanical properties, strongly affect the Index. For this reason, investigations and tests should focus on the study of the mechanical properties, and, in particular, on the study of columns’ concrete mechanical properties, which have the largest impact on the building seismic response.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/250263 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Uses and limits of the Equivalent Frame Model on existing unreinforced masonry buildings for assessing their seismic risk: a review
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Quagliarini, E.; Maracchini, G.; Clementi, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Since the late 1970s, nonlinear static analysis have had an increasing use in the seismic assessment of existing unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. Different modeling strategies can be used to evaluate the global seismic response of these buildings, such as the Continuous Constitutive Laws Model (CCLM) and the Equivalent Frame Model (EFM). Despite the CCLM modelling approach seems to be the most suitable at this aim, it needs many input data, that are often quite difficult to be known, and requires a high computational effort. For this reason, the EFM, which is based on strongly simplified hypotheses, is preferred in professional practice, where a small computational burden and a time- and cost-saving structural analysis by using few mechanical parameters is needed. In this paper, a review of its uses and limits is proposed, in order to identify the most critical issues and define its proper use in professional practice when applied to existing URM buildings. As a result, it is highlighted that the EFM can be reasonably used as a first conservative approach for the seismic assessment of existing URM buildings with box behaviour and quite regular opening patterns. Thus, up to now, from this review its use is encouraged in seismic analysis of existing URM buildings after providing them a reduction of their floors and roofs deformability, an adequate wall-to-floor and wall-to-roof connections and a regularization of the opening patterns.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246021 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Fast, low cost and safe methodology for the assessment of the state of conservation of historical buildings from 3D laser scanning: The case study of Santa Maria in Portonovo (Italy)
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Clini, Paolo; Ripanti, Mirko
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The assessment of the state of conservation and risk of historical buildings represents a current and more and more important challenge. It usually requires different steps and is traditionally a cost, time-demanding and often unsafe process. This way, in this paper, a fast, low cost and safe methodology from 3D-laser scanner is provided for this issue. Following it, it is possible to easily assess if some activated mechanisms can be found in some macro-elements of the historical building. Furthermore, from the superposition of photographic data previous interventions can be recognized, as well as, degraded areas. This method was applied to the case study of Santa Maria in Portonovo church, a little jewel of the Italian Marche Romanesque architecture, where quite evident mechanisms were found in the face of the vestibule, in the north side wall, in the main facade and in the original apse. It was also possible to assess the typical physiologic deformation of the inner vaults subject to their own weight. A high number of areas largely restored by previous works were then found, probably due to a diffused and continuous degradation of the materials caused by the sea exposure. This method works well especially after, i.e. an earthquake, whereas it is possible to accurately evaluate the building safety far from it.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/245704 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
How to simulate pedestrian behaviors in seismic evacuation for vulnerability reduction of existing buildings
AIP Conference Proceedings
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele; D'Orazio, Marco
Editore: American Institute of Physics Inc.
Luogo di pubblicazione: Melville, New York
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Understanding and representing how individuals behave in earthquake emergencies would be essentially to assess the impact of vulnerability reduction strategies on existing buildings in seismic areas. In fact, interactions between individuals and the scenario (modified by the earthquake occurrence) are really important in order to understand the possible additional risks for people, especially during the evacuation phase. The current approach is based on “qualitative” aspects, in order to define best practice guidelines for Civil Protection and populations. On the contrary, a “quantitative” description of human response and evacuation motion in similar conditions is urgently needed. Hence, this work defines the rules for pedestrians’ earthquake evacuation in urban scenarios, by taking advantages of previous results of real-world evacuation analyses. In particular, motion laws for pedestrians is defined by modifying the Social Force model equation. The proposed model could be used for evaluating individuals’ evacuation process and so for defining operative strategies for interferences reduction in critical urban fabric parts (e.g.: interventions on particular buildings, evacuation strategies definition, city parts projects).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255395 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Dynamic guidance tool for a safer earthquake pedestrian evacuation in urban systems
COMPUTERS, ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Santarelli, Silvia; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In earthquake disasters, the leading causes of death are directly related both to build collapses and fatalities during the following evacuation phase. Allowing people to autonomously gain safe areas and assembly points should be the basis for reducing human losses in urban systems. However, some important environmental and behavioural factors (e.g. vulnerability of buildings, compact urban fabric, cascade effects, presence of people unfamiliar with the urban layout, absence of information on evacuation paths) can hinder this ‘self-help’-based evacuation process. This issue is really important in historical centres where evacuees suffer a combination of unfavourable conditions to safely escape. This paper concerns a non-invasive solution for guiding people along probable safe evacuation routes in earthquake emergency. The proposed Seismic Pedestrians' Evacuation Dynamic Guidance Expert System (SpeedGuides) considers the influence of the main environmental and behavioural safety factors for evacuees (i.e. street vulnerability, street blockages probability, crowding conditions along paths, presence of mortal dangers, visibility conditions) and combines them in a safety index through the Multi-criteria techniques application. SpeedGuides dynamically collects safety factor data during the time and suggests the possible safest path to the nearest secure zone according to the Dijkstra's algorithm approach. SpeedGuides is an easy-to-use model proposed for application on personal devices (e.g. smartphone) that, taking advantage of different expert methods, allows evacuees to simple enhance their safety. A first effectiveness evaluation of SpeedGuides is provided through an earthquake pedestrians' evacuation simulator in a significant case study. The evacuee performances (with and without the proposed guidance tool) are compared and discussed. Results demonstrate how individuals' safety levels are increased when evacuees use SpeedGuides.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255382 Collegamento a IRIS

2017
Design of a smart system for indoor climate control in historic underground built environment
ENERGY PROCEDIA
Autore/i: Stazi, Francesca; Gregorini, Benedetta; Gianangeli, Andrea; Bernardini, Gabriele; Quagliarini, Enrico
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The application of sensors-actuators networks in Building Heritage can lead to significant improvement in indoor climate control, with the aim to both reduce energy consumption, and improve conditions for occupants and hosted Heritage. This study proposes the preliminary design of a smart indoor climate control system, based on low-impact application criteria, which can be applied to visited underground built environment. The system is based on the balance of hygrothermal loads. Sensors and actuators requirements are defined, and control algorithm are based on the comparison between real-time monitored and “natural” temperature and hygrometric values (for stationary and transitory conditions).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255377 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Behavioural design for building construction : from human behaviours to smart spaces
BACK TO 4.0: RETHINKING THE DIGITAL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; Quagliarini, Enrico; D’Orazio, M.
Editore: Maggioli
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255516 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Improving human safety in cultural heritage buildings: experiments on effectiveness of wayfinding systems in a theatre
TEMA
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; D’Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Current fire safety regulations in historical buildings are generally limited to the number and dimension of exits and evacuation paths. This approach clearly clashes with preservation criteria because of the need of invasive layout modifications. On the contrary, a “behavioural design” approach could solve this conflict by proposing evacuation facilities based on effective human behaviours. This work proposes an innovative wayfinding system based on phtoluminescent continuous signs. Experiments in a significant real world scenario demonstrate the possibility to considerably decrease the evacuation timing without building layout modifications
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255412 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Superfici autopulenti e biocide nel Restauro Archeologico di pietre e laterizi
RESTAURO ARCHEOLOGICO
Autore/i: Graziani, Lorenzo; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Archaeological artifacts are inevitably subject to deterioration caused by natural air pollution, contaminants by human actions, and biodeterioration from microorganisms. Their preservation is considered a more and more strategic factor in many countries because of their economic, social and cultural implications. Modern techniques of interventions often require re-application after some years, and they cannot be used in all restorations. Recently, the use of nanotechnologies was transferred to the restoration sector bringing many innovations. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the main nanostructured material used to prevent the comparison of weathering traces, to obtain self-cleaning materials and to slow down biofouling as well. In this paper, its potential use was tested on common archaeological materials like sandstone, limestone and bricks. The self-cleaning ability of this innovative material, as well as, its biofouling prevention were evaluated in laboratory simulated tests. Results show the high potentiality of this nanomaterial in making the tested archaeological surfaces self-cleaning and biocide
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/247248 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Ingegneria “su misura” per il consolidamento di una torre medievale in muratura a secco
MATER(i)A. Materials, Architecture, Technology, Energy/Environment, Reuse (Interdisciplinary), Adaptability
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.
Editore: Gangemi Editore
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255488 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Photocatalytic TiO2 nanocoatings for biofouling prevention of clay facades
New Approaches to Building Pathology and Durability. Volume 6 of the series Building Pathology and Rehabilitation
Autore/i: Graziani, Lorenzo; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Editore: Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
Luogo di pubblicazione: singapore
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/234617 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Sviluppo di una metodologia probabilistica per valutazioni LCC di interventi di retrofit di edifici / Development of a probabilistic methodology for LCC assessments of building retrofit measures
Colloqui.AT.e 2016. MATER(i)A Materials Architecture Technology Energy/Environment Reuse (Interdisciplinary) Adaptability
Autore/i: DI GIUSEPPE, Elisa; Monica, Iannaccone; Martina, Telloni; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Editore: Gangemi
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis in the field of buildings has been introduced at regulatory level in Europe by Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings. This established that Member States should assess their “cost-optimal levels” of minimum energy performance requirements considering the calculation method of standard EN 15459. However, in LCC analysis, results are heavily dependent on future trends for macroeconomic parameters (e.g. inflation rate, market interest rate, energy prices) and on the service life and costs of building components and their corresponding uncertainties. Since LCC methodologies in the field of buildings are considered as important decision supports of the design process, it is then necessary to assess and communicate the problem of these uncertainties properly; otherwise design options might be selected based on faulty assumptions. In this work a methodology for uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis for buildings LCC is developed. Through the application to a case study, its potential is showed, linked to the possibility of providing decision support during the design phase by investigating and comparing different energy efficiency measures.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/244808 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
New materials and technologies in in architectural heritage restoration: masonry columns confinement using basalt fibres ropes
TEMA
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Greco, F.; Lenci, S.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper deals with strengthening and consolidation of masonry columns, a long developed issue that also in the past interested restorers and designers in their works. A typical past solution for solving this kind of problem involves the use of a jacketing of the column by metal profiles. Nowadays strips of composite materials have been substituting these last ones but, when it is wanted to maintain the original aspect of the brickwork, this technique cannot be applied, so an experimental campaign about consolidation of masonry columns using a flexible element located in mortar joints has been developed. The results show the effective of this innovative technique in enhancing compressive strength of masonry columns without compromising their aesthetical appearance
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255481 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
EARTHQUAKE SAFETY OF HISTORICAL URBAN FABRICS: A COMBINED APPROACH INCLUDING HUMAN BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS
6th Euro-American Congress On Construction Pathology, Rehabilitation Technology And Heritage Management - Rehabend 2016
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Quagliarini, Enrico; Spalazzi, Luca; D'Orazio, Marco
Editore: Serigrafias Serimar, S.A.
Luogo di pubblicazione: Burgos
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/236894 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Intelligent evacuation guidance systems for improving fire safety of Italian-style historical theatres without altering their architectural characteristics
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Azzolini, Matteo; D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Fire risk in Architectural Heritage represents a fundamental problem for occupants’ safety. Italian-style historical theatres are one of the most interesting examples because of their historic and artistic value, high fire vulnerability, fire sources and occupants’ features (many people are not familiar with the architectural spaces). Current fire safety regulations approaches for similar Architectural Heritage generally suggest massive and irreversible interventions in order to improve the occupants’ level of safety: main related solutions concern with interventions on building layout (e.g. introduction of fire-proof elements; increasing dimension and number of evacuation paths and exits). This really implies a conflict in preserving original architectural characteristics. Besides, experiments demonstrate how these adopted solutions can be insufficient in improving the individuals’ safety level, especially in case of high occupants’ density and people who are unfamiliar with the building itself, because of individuals’ behaviours in emergency conditions. An efficient emergency evacuation layout has to be able to help evacuating occupants, especially in smoke or blackout conditions. “Intelligent Evacuation Guidance Systems” (IEGS) could monitor human behaviours (how people move) and related criticisms in the evacuation process (e.g. slowing down along paths, paths blockage). Then, they could elaborate these data through smart inducing algorithm so as to suggest dynamic evacuation paths to occupants. In this way, IEGS can effectively suggest the “best” evacuation path to occupants depending on the effective human behaviours. In this paper, an IEGS is firstly defined by introducing suggested low impact environmental components and their related requirements. In particular, occupants’ behaviours are associated to evacuees’ density along egress paths, doors and exits, by using indoor individuals’ tracking systems (e.g. RFID, Wireless localization). A density-based algorithm based on Level-of-Service conditions is adopted for evaluating possible overcrowding phenomena and identify the best evacuation paths. Directional electrically-illumined signs are used so as to indicate the proper direction to occupants. Wireless communication between the system elements is required. Each element is provided with backup power supply. Then, the proposed IEGS is evaluated by applying it to a significant case study (the “Gentile da Fabriano theatre” in Fabriano, AN). Interactions between occupants and IEGS are reproduced within a validated fire evacuation simulator (FDS + EVAC), and the system effectiveness is evaluated by performing evacuation simulation for the whole building. Comparisons of evacuation times between the original scenario and the IEGS-related one are proposed. Total maximum egress time is reduced down to 26% in the IEGS scenario (40% for levels with 3 or more different possible paths). The number of people using secondary paths (that are also the less crowded ones) raises to 88%. IEGS elements correctly and fully interact with people by understanding their evacuation behaviour and suggesting them the most appropriate (clearest) path: hence, the overall evacuation efficiency can be so increased by virtue of this “behavioural design” approach. Besides, it is strongly important to underline how IEGS elements provide no architectural modifications.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/247175 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Basalt fiber ropes and rods: Durability tests for their use in building engineering
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Monni, Francesco; Bondioli, Federica; Lenci, Stefano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Basalt is a common material used in constructions since antiquity. Nowadays its fibers (BFs) are going to be used as an alternative to glass, carbon or aramid fibers for strengthening purposes in building engineering. In particular, the use of basalt ropes on historic masonries seems to be a good solution to give them a monolithic behavior. Besides, basalt fibers reinforced polymer (BFRP) rods have emerged as a possible solution to the corrosion problems of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete for new or damaged structures or to the strengthening of historic masonries by repointing. Anyway, there is till a lack of knowledge about their durability. Thus this paper presents durability tests performed on BF ropes and BFRP rods. The influence of water, acid and alkali aging solutions on the durability and on the mechanical strength of them was verified. In order to increase the durability in alkali environments (i.e.: concrete), a PMMA coating was also applied on the BFRP rods and its effect was assessed too. Results show that alkali environments could seriously affect the durability of BF ropes and BFRP rods, thus a suitable coating should be provided to protect them before their use on such environments.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/229771 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Fire safety in Italian-style historical theatres: How photoluminescent wayfinding can improve occupants' evacuation with no architecture modifications
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Bernardini, Gabriele; Tacconi, Silvia; Arteconi, Valentina; Quagliarini, Enrico
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Architectural Heritage is often prone to fire risk especially when many significant wooden structures with a particular historic and artistic value are present. This is the case of the Italian style historical theatres. Increasing fire safety of this architectural heritage generally clashes with preserving the original building features: massive and irreversible interventions are often needed so as to respect current severe regulations. Moreover, upgrading interventions can be insufficient so as to effectively improve occupants’ safety level, especially in overcrowded spaces and when people do not know much of the building itself. Occupants’ safety depends on their behaviours and their possibility to rapidly evacuate to a safe place. One of the most effective ways to help them to achieve this aim seems to be the adoption of a good emergency evacuation wayfinding system, especially in smoke or black-out conditions. This paper analyses the effectiveness of a reversible, easy-to-remove and low-impact system for evacuation guidance based on photoluminescent materials (PLM). The proposed continuous wayfinding system (CWS) is composed by PLM tiles along evacuation paths (both corridors and stairs). The application to a case study, the Italian style historical theatre “Gentile da Fabriano”, is then provided. Tests involve more than 100 individuals in smoke and black out conditions. CWS effectiveness was compared to a traditional punctual system in terms of motion speeds (for single pedestrians) and total evacuation time (for the whole building evacuation drill). Questionnaires filled in by involved pedestrians qualitatively evaluated the individuals’ acceptance of CWS. Tests with CWS show that individual's motion speed rises up to 50% and the total evacuation time is reduced down to 25% in respect to the traditional system. Comparisons with previous studies on PLM signs are provided. CWS can be easily introduced in this kind of historical theatres so as to increase the occupants’ safety level.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/234663 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Towards a "behavioural design" approach for seismic risk reduction strategies of buildings and their environment
SAFETY SCIENCE
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Earthquake safety paradigms in urban scenarios can be represented by the following: buildings response to ground shaking; possibility to evacuate urban areas; rescuers’ assistance to evacuating pedestrians after reaching assembly points in the urban fabric. The first element is widely investigated and involves studies on buildings vulnerability and site hazard. Last two issues are strongly influenced by urban scenarios modifications due to the earthquake and human behaviours during both event and evacuation. Consequently, understanding how people behave in similar conditions becomes an essential issue in order to properly evaluate the urban risk assessment, efficiently organize evacuation procedures and plan interventions (on critical buildings, infrastructures). Hence, this paper firstly offers an overview of current literature on human behaviour in earthquake so far as urban scenario safety is concerned. Critical factors that determine individuals’ response performances focus on human behaviours and environmental modifications due to the earthquake. The study underlines how some of the assumptions about the existing paradigms seem to be not consistent with the knowledge set out in the literature: individuals’ behaviours are generally neglected while proposing risk-reduction strategies (management, interventions on buildings), and these strategies are supposed to directly induce correct emergency behaviours on people. On the contrary, a successful approach should combine traditional evaluations with innovative analyses on human behaviours and man–environment interactions in earthquake conditions: hence, this paper finally suggests a “behavioural design” approach. Following fire safety engineering criteria, simulation models would be used for evaluating the exposure parameter and check operative strategies for interferences reduction in emergency conditions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/236174 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Confinement of brick masonry columns using basalt fibres ropes
Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. Anamnesis, diagnosis, therapy, controls
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Greco, F.; Lenci, S.
Editore: Taylor&Francis CRC/Balkema Press
Luogo di pubblicazione: London
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/259950 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
TiO2-treated different fired brick surfaces for biofouling prevention: Experimental and modelling results
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
Autore/i: Graziani, Lorenzo; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Biofouling on building façades, caused by the growth of bacteria, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, lichens and plants leads to aesthetical degradation and to an increase in the maintenance costs consequently. Recently, the use of nanotechnology to prevent this phenomenon has been increased due to their efficiency and affordable cost. Currently, the research focuses on the numerical modelling of biofouling in order to simulate the biofouling processes and to find the correlations between physical properties of substrata and growth of microorganisms. In this paper, biofouling tests were conducted on fired brick substrata with different intrinsic characteristics (porosity and roughness) by means of an accelerated growth test. Biofouling was evaluated through time by digital image analysis of specimens׳ surface and then the Avrami׳s law was applied to modelize the biofouling process. The model was adapted to include the inhibitory effect of TiO2 and a modified equation of Avrami was proposed. Results show a good agreement between simulation and the experimental data. Furthermore, the assumptions taken into account to discretize the real phenomenon were acceptable. The experimental analysis and the numerical modelling showed how the roughness and the porosity influenced the algal attachment.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/229772 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
The role of roughness and porosity on the self-cleaning and anti-biofouling efficiency of TiO2-Cu and TiO2-Ag nanocoatings applied on fired bricks
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Graziani, Lorenzo; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: From the advent of nanotechnologies in building constructions, many materials were functionalized to create composite material with new properties. Titania (TiO2) is actually the most promising nanotechnology to create composite materials with self-cleaning and anti-microbial properties. TiO2 was able to limit algae adhesion and their growth, even if, in case of high porous and rough substrata, their inhibitory effect seems to be limited. This way, in this study, silver and copper nano-particulate enhanced an aqueous nano-titania solution were applied on brick specimens and their inhibitory effects were tested during accelerated laboratory tests. Extent of biofouling on specimens’ surface was assessed by measuring the aesthetical alteration and correlations between algal growth and key parameters of substrata were discussed. Results confirm the key role of porosity and roughness on the biofouling process on untreated specimens, and their effect on the photocatalytic power of the tested nano-coatings toward algal adhesion. Results from this study were compared with previous findings in the literature on the same types of specimens only treated with the same aqueous nano-titania solution. No significant improvements were detected by the addition of metal nanoparticles. Experimental curves were overlapped to analytical model calculated by Avrami’s law, and its validity was confirmed where latency time could be observed. Whereas no latency time was detected, that is a very fast adhesion of algal cells occurred, the experimental curves were modelled by using a four parametric logistic model that was able to describe numerically the biofouling process.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/247172 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Urban scenarios modifications due to the earthquake: ruins formation criteria and interactions with pedestrians’ evacuation
BULLETIN OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele; Wazinski, Chiara; Spalazzi, Luca; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: One of the most influencing elements in inhabitants’ earthquake safety definition is represented by the interactions between people and post-event environment in urban scenarios. Understanding and simulating rules for pedestrians’ motion in earthquake evacuation could be useful to inquire the risk assessment introducing the ‘‘human’’ factor influence: integrated ‘‘risk maps’’ could be realized by combining results of similar analyses with the traditional site hazard, buildings vulnerability and exposition indices. This work proposes an innovative approach based on the analysis of these interactions. Two experimentally-based activities are required: an analysis of human behaviors towards the post-earthquake environment; a relation for defining environmental modifications. Results firstly show a summary of man-environment interactions in earthquake evacuations. A possible criterion for path choice in evacuation is also numerically defined. A theoretical agent-based model is developed on these bases and summarizes phases, motion rules and man-environment interactions in earthquake pedestrians’ evacuation in urban scenarios. Secondly, quick criteria for scenario modifications involving ruins formation are proposed and evaluated: for each building, the percentages of internal and external ruins area is a function of its vulnerability and the expected earthquake Richter magnitude. Moreover, the external ruins formation criterion is validated by comparing predicted and effective values of ruins area depth in real cases. The model could be proposed as a tool for evaluating probable pedestrians’ choices in post-event scenarios, in order to reduce the interferences between the built environment and the evacuation process through interventions on buildings, urban fabric and strategies for emergency management.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/236175 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Seismic vulnerability of ancient stone arches by using a numerical model based on the Non-Smooth Contact Dynamics method
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
Autore/i: Lancioni, Giovanni; Gentilucci, Davide; Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/236480 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Experimental assessment of concrete compressive strength in old existing RC buildings: a possible way to reduce the dispersion of DT results
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Quagliarini, E.; Clementi, F.; Maracchini, G.; Monni, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Reliable appraisal of the in situ compressive strength is a key challenge in the seismic assessment of existing RC structures, due to its high variability throughout them and because it often represents the most important strength parameter adopted in the structural analyses. For this reason, in this paper a procedure to obtain a more accurate concrete strength characterization is proposed and applied to several case studies. The method provides a reduction of test results’ variability by taking into account the influence of casting operations on it and may support existing codes for a correct in-place concrete strength evaluation.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/241351 Collegamento a IRIS

2016
Towards creating a combined database for earthquake pedestrians' evacuation models
SAFETY SCIENCE
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Earthquake risk assessment at urban scale is actually based on site hazard, buildings vulnerability and exposition, but does not consider human behaviours during both the event and the evacuation. Nevertheless, human interactions in such conditions become one of the most influencing element for inhabitants safety. Hence, an important issue is understanding how people interact with other individuals and with the environment modified by the earthquake. The development of evacuation software in earthquake conditions needs investigations about these aspects. In fact, actual data about earthquake evacuation behaviours are very poor. This work starts from this request and proposes an innovative database for earthquake evacuation models according to literature suggestions. A wide number of videotapes concerning real events from all over the World is analysed in order to provide human behaviours and motion quantities, and to integrate previous results. The database firstly includes the step-by-step evacuation behaviours that are activated during the process. Secondly, motion quantities (speed, acceleration, and distance from obstacles) are provided. The analysis of real emergency conditions evidences particular phenomena. Main results demonstrate how people prefer moving with an average speed of about 2.3–3 m/s. Finally, fundamental diagrams of pedestrians’ dynamics in earthquake emergency conditions show how, density values being equals, speeds and flows are higher than previous studies (in particular: fire evacuation and evacuation drill). These data can be used as input parameters for defining and developing new evacuation models, but also for existent models validation.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/229770 Collegamento a IRIS

2015
Caratteristiche Tipologiche e Vulnerabilità Sismiche degli Edifici Scolastici costruiti in Italia nel Secondo Dopoguerra
Colloqui.AT.e 2015 L'evoluzione del sapere in Architettura Tecnica
Autore/i: Maracchini, Gianluca; Clementi, Francesco; Monni, Francesco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano
Editore: Ar.Tec. Associazione Scientica per la Promozione dei Rapporti tra Architettura e Tecniche dell’Edilizia
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/245635 Collegamento a IRIS

2015
Seismic improvement of historical dry masonry building using baslt fibre ropes: the case of Lossetti Tower in Beura Cardezza (Italy)
REHAB 2015
Autore/i: Monni, Francesco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano; Clini, Paolo; Nespeca, Romina
Editore: Green Lines Instituto para o Desanvolvimento Sustentavel
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Dry stone masonry is a construction type widely used in many alpine regions in northern Italy. especially for vernacular and military buildings, as watchtowers. This kind of` masonry, results very weak under eccentric and horizontal loads if presents the lack of elements long enough to cross the thickness of` the masonry. In this paper is presented the design process for consolidation of “Lossetti Tower" — a medieval dry stone watchtower of about I4 meters high - using the technique of continuous basalt fibre (BF] stitching. First, a preliminary phase of knowledge of the building was developed. To better understand the masonry texture a 3D laser scanner survey of the tower was executed and to evaluate the teclmique effectiveness. Diagonal compression test on dry masonry specimens (reinforced and unreinforced), was done.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/228030 Collegamento a IRIS

2015
Aumentare la sicurezza delle persone in edifici storici: verifica sperimentale di un innovativo sistema di wayfinding all’interno di un teatro
L’EVOLUZIONE DEL SAPERE IN ARCHITETTURA TECNICA
Autore/i: Bernardini, G.; D’Orazio, M.; Quagliarini, E.
Editore: Maggioli
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255518 Collegamento a IRIS

2015
Cuciture flessibili per il rinforzo a secco di murature storiche: risultati sperimentali per azioni fuori dal piano
Colloqui.AT.e 2015
Autore/i: Scalbi, A.; Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.
Editore: Maggioli
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255487 Collegamento a IRIS

2015
Earthquake pedestrians’ evacuation in historical urban scenarios: a combined simulation model including human behaviors and post-earthquake modifications
Rehab 2015 – Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Preservation, Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Historic Buildings and Structures
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico
Editore: Green Lines Institute for Sustainable Development
Luogo di pubblicazione: Barcelos
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/237911 Collegamento a IRIS

2015
Prevention of algal growth on clay façades by photocatalytic TiO2 nanocoating
1st International Symposium on Building Pathology
Autore/i: Graziani, L.; Quagliarini, E.; D'Orazio, M.
Editore: FEUP Edições
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255513 Collegamento a IRIS

2015
Cerchiatura di colonne in muratura: nuovi materiali per l'evoluzione di una tecnica tradizionale
Colloqui.AT.e 2015
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Greco, F.; Lenci, S.
Editore: Maggioli
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255490 Collegamento a IRIS

2015
Post-World War II Italian school buildings: typical and specific seismic vulnerabilities
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Clementi, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Maracchini, G.; Lenci, S.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Structures belonging to the same type and built in the same period may share similar geometrical and spatial characteristics. When these features also affect the seismic response of the buildings, they are referred to as typical seismic vulnerabilities. When a building presents one or more of these typical vulnerabilities, some general and qualitative considerations on its seismic behaviour can be made a priori, considering their actual influence on the seismic behaviour of other similar cases. In this work, we propose and apply a specific procedure based on a priori considerations to a specific building type: the post-World War II Italian Schools. To this purpose, we first improved our knowledge about this type of building, pointing out typical and specific seismic vulnerabilities by studying the standard architectural principles suggested by the main manuals and laws of that time. Then, in order to find how these typological features affect the global seismic behaviour of the examined structures, we analysed a real case study representative of the entire building type. Pushover and Nonlinear Dynamic analyses have been carried out, considering four different models, representing three different configurations that may result from different combinations of the most significant typical vulnerabilities.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/227980 Collegamento a IRIS

2015
The properties and durability of adobe earth-based masonry blocks
Eco-efficient Masonry Bricks and Blocks: Design, Properties and Durability
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; D'Orazio, Marco; Lenci, Stefano
Editore: Elsevier Inc.
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Earth is an economical, environmentally friendly and abundantly available building material and is probably one of the oldest building materials known. Nowadays, earth constructions are an area of growing interest, both for rescuing heritage and for a rediscovered eco-sustainability material. However, because earth constructions are a forgotten technique, a lack of skilled people at all levels in this area can be found, from designers to masons, as well as problems of how to carry out compatible conservation works on earthen heritage. This chapter tries to fill this gap for a peculiar earthen construction technique, namely adobe, in which raw earth is mixed and moulded to form blocks to make a bearing wall. The following sections, after a brief historical digression, will deal with how manufacturing adobe earth-based masonry blocks, their typical dimensions, which soil is suitable and which stabilization materials are currently used for enhancing their properties. Then, the principal mechanical and hygro-thermal properties of adobe blocks, how to determine them and which parameters influence them will be provided, as well as methods of testing adobe blocks for durability and practical advice on how to maintaining or improving it will be supplied. Finally, environmental and economic benefits potentially associated with the use of adobe earth-based masonry blocks, including new ways to reuse bulk industrial waste as stabilizers, will be addressed.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/234121 Collegamento a IRIS

2015
TiO2-based nanocoatings for preserving architectural stone surfaces: An overview
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Munafo', Placido; Goffredo, GIOVANNI BATTISTA; Quagliarini, Enrico
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Titanium dioxide has been recently used in its nanometric form to develop smart products and coatings on several building components so as to better preserve their visual aspect, mainly by way of its very efficient photocatalytic function. The integration of further nanostructured materials with titanium dioxide may enhance its features or add new properties to these products. The aim of this review is to provide a report on the latest developments in a specific area of the maintenance of architectural surfaces: the use of multifunctional (self-cleaning, de-polluting, biocidal) nanocoatings based on titanium dioxide on architectural stone surfaces. The results of several studies concerning different products containing TiO2 nanoparticles, potentially added with other nanometric elements, have been summarised and compared several points of view focused on their compatibility with treated substrates and their effectiveness against diverse degrading agents (soil, pollution and microorganisms). From the discussed works, the application of TiO2-based products on several architectural stones seems to be feasible and valuable; however several features are in need of deeper analyses before real large-scale use. In addition, possible future developments by scientific research may provide further increased performances and additional features and functions to these treatments.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/228780 Collegamento a IRIS

2015
Dry masonry strengthening through basalt fibre ropes: Experimental results versus out-of-plane actions
4th International Conference on Mechanics of Masonry Structures Strengthened with Composite Materials, MuRiCO 2014
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.; Clementi, F.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/227712 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
A tool for earthquake risk assessment definition including human behavioral aspects: EPES - Earthquake Pedestrians Evacuation Simulator
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele; Spalazzi, Luca
Editore: Boğaziçi University Publishing
Luogo di pubblicazione: Istanbul
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The earthquake risk assessment at urban scale does not consider human behaviors during both earthquake and evacuation phases. However, understanding interactions between people and post-event environment becomes essential in determining how behaviors influence inhabitants’ safety levels. This study follows this approach and proposes an agent-based earthquake pedestrians evacuation simulator. Real events analysis allows to define phases and rules in pedestrians evacuation; the social force model and a multi-agent architecture are used in order to develop a simulator. Consequently, the software EPES (Earthquake Pedestrians Evacuation Simulator) is implemented. Results firstly show the noticed behaviors discussion, posing attention on evacuation paths choice; interactions between man and environment are defined. Additionally, first software simulation validation about motion speed in evacuations and path choice are offered. EPES is proposed for evaluating probable pedestrians’ choices in different scenarios, and checking solutions for reduction of interferences between the environment and the evacuation process.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/217315 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Strengthening masonry through basalt fibre stitchings: a sustainable and reversible way of practice
XXX convegno “Scienza e beni culturali”, “Quale sostenibilità per il restauro?”
Autore/i: Monni, Francesco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano; Scalbi, Agnese
Editore: Editore Arcadia Ricerche
Luogo di pubblicazione: Venezia
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/237605 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Continuous basalt fiber stitching for compatible and reversible masonry strengthening. First experimental results
La cultura del restauro e della valorizzazione. Temi e problemi per un percorso internazionale di conoscenza
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.
Editore: Editrice Alinea
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255489 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Knowing the history and the modifications during time of a historical building for a careful assessment of its seismic vulnerability
Proc. of 6th Int. Congress on "Science and Technology for the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage in the Mediterranean Basin"
Autore/i: Monni, Francesco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano
Editore: Valmar Editore
Luogo di pubblicazione: Roma
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/237600 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Basalt ropes: a new product for the rehabilitation of historical masonry
REHAB 2014 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Preservation, Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Historical Buildings and Structures
Autore/i: Monni, Francesco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/237560 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Basalt ropes: a new product for the rehabilitation of historical masonry
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
Autore/i: Monni, F.; Quagliarini, E.; Lenci, S.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255477 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Costruzioni storiche in muratura. Vulnerabilità sismica e progettazione degli interventi
Strutture e Calcoli
Autore/i: Vallucci, Sara; Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano
Editore: Utet Wolters Kluwer Italia
Luogo di pubblicazione: Milanofiori Assago (MI)
Classificazione: 3 Libro
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/152902 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Cuciture flessibili (a secco) per il miglioramento sismico di murature storiche.
RECUPERO E CONSERVAZIONE
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano; Monni, Francesco; Scalbi, Agnese
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/152907 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Durability of self-cleaning TiO2-based nanocoatings on historical stone surfaces.
Proc. of 6th Int. Congress on "Science and Technology for the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage in the Mediterranean Basin"
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Goffredo, GIOVANNI BATTISTA; Bondioli, Federica; Munafo', Placido
Editore: Valmar Editore
Luogo di pubblicazione: Roma
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/237603 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Continuous basalt fibre stitching for dry masonry strengthening. First experimental results.
Proceedings of the 9th International Masonry Conference
Autore/i: Monni, Francesco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/325599 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Dry masonry strengthening through flexible stitchings: experimental results against "out-of-plane" actions
Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions
Autore/i: Monni, Francesco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/325598 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
La conoscenza della fabbrica come strumento di recupero sostenibile. La chiesa di S. M. della Carità (Ascoli Piceno)
IL PROGETTO SOSTENIBILE
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano; Monni, Francesco; Vallucci, Sara
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: La Chiesa di Santa Maria della Carità di Ascoli Piceno (una delle uniche due chiese marchigiane aperte 24h su 24h all’adorazione perpetua) è stata oggetto di un provvedimento di interdizione al culto e chiusura al pubblico a seguito degli eventi sismici dell’aprile del 2009. Tale provvedimento ha reso necessaria un’urgente valutazione della vulnerabilità sismica della Chiesa, al fine di individuare soluzioni di intervento finalizzate alla pronta riapertura della stessa incrementandone il livello di sicurezza compatibilmente con le esigenze di conservazione del monumento. La strada percorsa è stata quella di investire inizialmente tempo e risorse in una approfondita conoscenza della fabbrica. Ciò ha permesso di confutare le motivazioni per cui era stato chiuso il monumento. Effettuata l’analisi di vulnerabilità è stata proposta una sostenibile e mirata risposta terapeutica, che salvaguardasse il valore storico e culturale della Chiesa e che garantisse lo stesso incremento di sicurezza di un intervento tradizionale, abbattendo i costi stimati di quasi la metà.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/228782 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
TiO2 nanocoatings for architectural heritage: Self-cleaning treatments on historical stone surfaces
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. PART N, JOURNAL OF NANOENGINEERING AND NANOSYSTEMS
Autore/i: Goffredo, GIOVANNI BATTISTA; Quagliarini, Enrico; Bondioli, F.; Munafo', Placido
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The development and application of nano-engineered surface treatments on stones could become a useful tool for the realization of smart systems to better preserve and maintain architectural surfaces. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles can be used to realize transparent self-cleaning coatings applicable directly on preexisting surfaces, limiting cleaning actions and conservation processes, thus reducing their costs. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the potential use of TiO2 on stone surfaces, especially in the field of architectural heritage. An aqueous colloidal dispersion based on titanium dioxide, obtained by sol-gel and hydrothermal processes, was applied by spray coating on travertine, a limestone largely used in buildings, both historical and modern. The maintenance in the original appearance of treated substrates was evaluated monitoring both colour and gloss changes produced by the treatments. Physical changes induced to stone by titanium dioxide were studied by wettability analyses. The efficiency of TiO2 photocatalysis was assessed by depolluting and soiling removal tests under ultraviolet light. The effects of deposited amount of titania on treated surfaces were also evaluated. Obtained results seem to allow the use of selected TiO2 treatments on the selected substrate, travertine, without altering in an evident and harmful way the original properties of limestone. Photoinduced effects (hydrophilicity, degradation of pollutants and decolourization of soiling) are very evident, and the combination of these properties may lead to an actual self-cleaning effect.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/160907 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Historical plasters on light thin vaults: State of conservation assessment by a Hybrid ultrasonic method
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Revel, Gian Marco; Lenci, Stefano; Seri, Elena; Cavuto, Alfonso; Pandarese, Giuseppe
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/128277 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Dynamics of the Roman Arches of Burnum using the Non-smooth Contact Dynamics Method
Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology
Autore/i: Lancioni, Giovanni; Lenci, Stefano; Quagliarini, Enrico
Editore: Civil-Comp Press
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The LMGC90 code is a discrete element numerical code, which implements the non-smooth contact dynamics method. In this paper, it was applied to the study of the dynamics of the roman arches of Burnum, in Croatia, with two main objectives: (i) to assess the stability of the two preserved arches against seismic events, and (ii) to investigate the causes of the collapse of the major arch, originally adjacent to the two actual arches, which occurred in the seventeenth century. An earthquake and a very strong wind ("bora" wind), as hypothesized by historical sources, have been considered as the two most probable failure causes.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/201112 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
An Agent-based Model for Earthquake Pedestrians’ Evacuation Simulation in Urban Scenarios
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROCEDIA
Autore/i: Bernardini, Gabriele; D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Spalazzi, Luca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The earthquake risk assessment approach actually ignores human behaviors during earthquake. Nevertheless, simulating pedestrians’ motion could be useful to introduce “human” interactions with post-earthquake scenarios. This work proposes an agent-based model for evacuation simulation based on the analysis of videotapes concerning real events. Modifications to the social force model are provided in order to describe typical behaviors. A simulation software is developed for model validation. Tests mainly involve speeds and distances between individuals. The model could be integrated in tools for the analysis of probable pedestrians’ choices in different scenarios, and checking solutions for reducing man-environment interferences during the evacuation process.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/217313 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Agent-based model for earthquake pedestrians’ evacuation in urban outdoor scenarios: Behavioural patterns definition and evacuation paths choice
SAFETY SCIENCE
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Spalazzi, Luca; Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The assessment of seismic risk at urban scale does not actually consider aspects related to human behaviours, unlike other kind of events; moreover, the simulation of phases of pedestrian evacuation and motion in earthquake evacuation is a rarely inquired issue. From this point of view, this work proposes an innovative approach to earthquake evacuation, presenting an agent based model to describe phases and rules of motion for pedestrians. The model is based on the analysis of videotapes concerning real events. Results firstly show a scheme of chronological organisation of experimentally noticed behaviours activated during an earthquake evacuation. Secondly, the related behavioural agent-based model is presented by using the i* language and posing attention to relationships between pedestrians and environment. A particular attention is given to the relationships in evacuation paths choice depending on configuration of environment and damage distribution after earthquake. Additionally, experimental values of distance between people and evacuation average speed in the first phases of outdoor motion are provided. The mathematical definitions for the model and the software implementation of the model will be implemented.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/147704 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Experimental analysis of Romanesque masonries made by tile and brick fragments found at the archaeological site of S. Maria in Portuno
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
Autore/i: Quagliarini, Enrico; Lenci, Stefano; Piattoni, Quintilio; Bondioli, F.; Bernabei, I.; Lepore, G.; Zaccaria, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The reuse of ancient ceramic fragments in Romanesque masonries was a common practice in the Medieval era. A cultural impoverishment of the masonry building art characterized this period. Pre-existing structures were often exploited to build new masonries, both for civil and religious purpose. Starting from these general considerations, a specific construction technique of some Romanesque masonries of the Church of S. Maria in Portuno (Italy) and made by tile and brick fragments, was studied by a multidisciplinary approach. Analyses of the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the original materials (tile and brick fragments, mortars) were carried out by laboratory tests. Furthermore, some wall specimens were reproduced through the same ceramic materials and construction technique of the original masonries. Compression tests were carried out on these wall specimens so as to understand the influence of this construction technique on their compressive strength, Young's modulus, and failure mode. The results allowed increased current knowledge on historical materials and on the mechanical behavior of these specific historical masonries. Useful data obtained by experimental characterization of the materials and walls will also allow to guide future restoration works on these masonries.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/74822 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
EPES– Earthquake pedestrians׳ evacuation simulator: A tool for predicting earthquake pedestrians׳ evacuation in urban outdoor scenarios
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Autore/i: D'Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Bernardini, Gabriele; Spalazzi, Luca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Earthquake risk assessment at urban scale does not actually consider human behaviours during both the event and the first evacuation phases. Nevertheless, understanding and simulating these aspects become essential in determining how human behaviours influence inhabitants' safety levels, defining combined “risk maps” and evaluating community resilience features. This work proposes an innovative approach by offering a simulator for pedestrians' earthquake evacuation in urban scenarios. Firstly, our previous behavioural investigations of real earthquake evacuation from all over the World allow organizing rules in pedestrians' evacuation and man–environment interactions in the post-event scenario: an agent-based (ABM) approach is provided for their representation by using the in language. Secondly, operative criteria for pedestrian motion are provided: in particular, motion law for pedestrians is defined by modifying the Social Force model approach with the behavioural results of our case study. Rules for environmental modifications due to the earthquake are proposed. Finally, the software EPES (Earthquake Pedestrians' Evacuation Simulator) is implemented on these bases and validated using a case study (an Italian historical centre). Results firstly summarize the behavioural analysis discussion and the ABM definition. First validations about ruins formations, behavioural aspects, motion speed in evacuations and path choice are offered. EPES is proposed as a tool for evaluating probable pedestrians' choices in different scenarios, and checking solutions for reducing interferences between the human evacuation process and the built environment. Operative strategies for interferences reduction could be founded on model previsions, such as interventions on particular buildings, evacuation strategies definition and urban planning. &
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/217314 Collegamento a IRIS

2014
Durability of self-cleaning TiO2 coatings on fired clay brick façades: Effects of UV exposure and wet & dry cycles
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Graziani, Lorenzo; Quagliarini, Enrico; Bondioli, Federica; D'Orazio, Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Environmental pollution is constantly increasing and it causes aesthetical concerns to urban buildings exposed to the atmosphere. Nanometric titanium dioxide (TiO2) has become a promising photocatalytic material owing to its ability to accelerate degradation of many organic contaminants. Application of TiO2 is rising and it found application on building industry. However, photocatalytic properties of this nanotechnology strongly depend on substrate morphology and on its nature. Thus, it is not correct to extrapolate photocatalytic activity on different types of substrate. Moreover, very few information is available about effectiveness of TiO2 coatings after aging phenomena when applied on different substrate. This paper aims to investigate photocatalytic properties of TiO2 applied on clay brick surfaces both after deposition and after aging process. TiO2 characterization was carried out by assessing nano-film morphology, wettability and self-cleaning efficiency before durability test. Self-cleaning ability was also evaluated during aging test in order to evaluate its variation in long term applications. Results show that photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 remain stable after aging, thus TiO2 shows a good photocatalytic efficiency when it is applied to clay brick substrate. In the long run, photocatalytic efficiency of clay brick specimens treated with TiO2 is seven times higher than untreated specimens.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/232095 Collegamento a IRIS




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