175 pubblicazioni classificate nel seguente modo:

Development of activated carbons derived from wastes: coffee grounds and olive stones as potential porous materials for air depollution
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Czerwinska, Natalia; Giosue', Chiara; Matos, Ines; Sabbatini, Simona; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Bernardo, Maria
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Agro-industrial byproducts and food waste necessitate an environmentally friendly way of reducing issues related to their disposal; it is also necessary to recover as much new raw material from these resources as possible, especially when we consider their potential usage as a precursor for preparing depolluting materials, such as activated carbon. In this work, coffee grounds and olive stones were chosen as precursors and the adsorption capacity of the obtained porous carbons for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was studied. Microporous activated carbons (ACs) were prepared using chemical (K2CO3) and physical (CO2) activation. The influence of the activation process, type, and time of activation was also investigated. Measurements of VOCs adsorption were performed, and methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK) and toluene were chosen as the model pollutants. The surface areas and total pore volumes of 1487 m2/g and 0.53 cm3/g and 870 m2/g and 0.22 cm3/g for coffee ground carbons and olive stone carbons, respectively, were obtained via chemical activation, whereas physical activation yielded values of 716 m2/g and 0.184 cm3/g and 778 cm2 g-1 and 0.205 cm3/g, respectively. As expected, carbons without activation (biochars) showed the smallest surface area, equal to 331 m2/g and 251 m2/g, and, hence, the lowest adsorption capacity. The highest adsorption capacity of MEK (3210 mg/g) and toluene (2618 mg/g) was recorded for chemically activated coffee grounds. Additionally, from the CO2 isotherms recorded at a low pressure (0.03 bar) and 0 °C, the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity was equal to 253 mg/g.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/328331

New Materials and Technologies for Durability and Conservation of Building Heritage
MATERIALS
Autore/i: Coppola, Luigi; Bellezze, Tiziano; Belli, Alberto; Bianco, Alessandra; Blasi, Elisa; Cappello, Miriam; Caputo, Domenico; Chougan, Mehdi; Coffetti, Denny; Coppola, Bartolomeo; Corinaldesi, Valeria; D’Amore, Alberto; Daniele, Valeria; Di Maio, Luciano; Di Palma, Luca; Donnini, Jacopo; Ferrara, Giuseppe; Filippi, Sara; Gastaldi, Matteo; Generosi, Nicola; Giosuè, Chiara; Incarnato, Loredana; Lamastra, Francesca; Liguori, Barbara; Macera, Ludovico; Maqbool, Qaisar; Cristina Mascolo, Maria; Mavilia, Letterio; Mazzoli, Alida; Medici, Franco; Mobili, Alessandra; Montesperelli, Giampiero; Pia, Giorgio; Redaelli, Elena; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Scarfato, Paola; Taglieri, Giuliana; Tittarelli, Francesca; Tulliani, Jean-Marc; Valenza, Antonino
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The increase in concrete structures’ durability is a milestone to improve the sustainability of buildings and infrastructures. In order to ensure a prolonged service life, it is necessary to detect the deterioration of materials by means of monitoring systems aimed at evaluating not only the penetration of aggressive substances into concrete but also the corrosion of carbon-steel reinforcement. Therefore, proper data collection makes it possible to plan suitable restoration works which can be carried out with traditional or innovative techniques and materials. This work focuses on building heritage and it highlights the most recent findings for the conservation and restoration of reinforced concrete structures and masonry buildings.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311867

Operando monitoring of a room temperature nanocomposite methanol sensor
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Autore/i: Maqbool, Qaisar; Yigit, Nevzat; Stöger-Pollachc, Michael; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca; Rupprechter, Günther
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The sensing of volatile organic compounds by composites containing metal oxide semiconductors is typically explained via adsorption-desorption and surface electrochemical reactions changing the sensor´s resistance. The analysis of molecular processes on chemiresistive gas sensors is often based on indirect evidence, whereas in situ or operando studies monitoring the gas/surface interactions enable a direct insight. Here we report a cross-disciplinary approach employing spectroscopy of working sensors to investigate room temperature methanol detection, contrasting well-characterized nanocomposite (TiO2@rGO-NC) and reduced-graphene oxide (rGO) sensors. Methanol interactions with the sensors were examined by (quasi) operando-DRIFTS and in situ-ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, the first paralleled by simultaneous measurements of resistance. The sensing mechanism was also studied by mass spectroscopy (MS), revealing the surface electrochemical reactions. The operando and in situ spectroscopies demonstrated that the sensing mechanism on the nanocomposite relies on the combined effect of methanol reversible physisorption and irreversible chemisorption, sensor modification over time, and electron/O2 depletion-restoration due to a surface electrochemical reaction forming CO2 and H2O.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/309081

Properties of an innovative multi-functional finish for the improvement of indoor air quality
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Pierpaoli, Mattia; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Citterio, Barbara; Mangiaterra, Gianmarco; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Due to lifestyle changes, people spend most of their time indoors at present; thus, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a matter of utmost importance. Multi-functional and innovative finishes can help to passively improve the IAQ, benefitting the health and comfort of occupants. For this study, reference and pre-mixed commercial mortars are compared to a new multi-functional hydraulic lime mortar for indoor finishes, in which conventional aggregates are substituted by a highly porous adsorbent material and biomass waste ashes. The up to 20% higher accessible porosity of the multi-functional finish led to lower density (30%), higher thermal insulation properties (30%), higher water vapor permeability (more than 40%), and improved moisture buffering capacity (three times higher), when compared to the reference mortar. Different types of photocatalytic agents (TiO2) were also added into the new multi-functional hydraulic lime mortar, in order to investigate their effect on the de-polluting properties of the finish. Even if the photocatalytic efficiency remained unexpressed under indoor conditions, due to the predominance of the adsorption process, the de-polluting properties of the new mix were more than 30% higher than that of the reference mortar. The obtained results confirm that the developed innovative multifunctional finish—besides fulfilling the ordinary requirements—is better than commercial mortars, as it can improve the IAQ passively, thus benefitting the health and comfort of occupants.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311868

A novel hierarchically-porous diamondized polyacrylonitrile sponge-like electrodes for acetaminophen electrochemical detection
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Jakóbczyk, Pawel; Dec, Bartłomiej; Giosue', Chiara; Czerwinska, Natalia; Lewkowicz, Aneta; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Bogdanowicz, Robert
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: A novel composite electrode material consisting of tangled fibrous polyacrylonitrile-based hierarchically-structured nanocomposites has been produced by wet-spinning, carbonized and decorated with a carbon nanoarchitecture by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and investigated as a metal-free electrode for the enhanced electrochemical detection of acetaminophen. Surprisingly, the hierarchical fiber architecture is the result of the synergistic action between surface etching, by the H2 plasma, and nanostructure formation, by the C- and CH- radicals, which significantly affect the porosity and electrochemical performance. Moreover, by simultaneously conducting fiber carbonization and surface functionalization, it is possible to dramatically reduce the manufacturing time and to confer an 18-fold increase of the acetaminophen detection sensitivity, due to the sp2-C defect-rich overgrown nanostructure, which represents a preferable site for the drug adsorption, as supported by the molecular dynamics simulation results. Because of the excellent performance, and the simple and scalable production method, the prepared composite is a promising candidate as a metal-free electrochemical sensor.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/305921

New waste-derived TiO2 nanoparticles as a potential photocatalytic additive for lime based indoor finishings
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
Autore/i: Maqbool, Qaisar; Czerwinska, Natalia; Giosue', Chiara; Sabbatini, Simona; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Production of sustainable nanomaterials (NMs) through the valorization of heterogeneous wastes is of high importance due to escalating environmental sustainability and depletion of natural resources. Following this motive, in this paper, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were green-synthesized (GS) using metal ions reducing potential of secondary metabolites from organic waste (i.e., autumn leaves). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that GS TiO2-NPs as pure anatase for crystalline fraction, with homogenous granulometry ranging between 12 and 26 nm in size, and crystallite size as small as 3.85 (±0.02) nm are achieved. The effect of carbon-content (modifier) on the structural and surface chemistry of tested TiO2-NPs were deeply investigated through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetry analysis (TG/DTG/DTA). The GS TiO2-NPs have shown photocatalytic (NO)x degradation of around 30% and 18% under UV and visible-light respectively, 10% and 70% higher than that of two commercial TiO2-NPs, P-25 and KRONOS-7404, respectively. Based on the leading performance, GS TiO2-NPs were further tested as an additive to an indoor hydraulic-lime based finishing material to augment its photocatalytic properties. Interestingly, GS TiO2-NPs were able to maintain (NO)x photodegradation (≈11%) performance even at an extremely small concentration of <2 wt%. Hence, waste-mediated production of ecofriendly GS TiO2-NPs introduced in this study will help for next-generation photocatalytic indoor finishing materials.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/305843

Transformation of industrial and organic waste into titanium doped activated carbon – cellulose nanocomposite for rapid removal of organic pollutants
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Autore/i: Maqbool, Qaisar; Barucca, Gianni; Sabbatini, Simona; Parlapiano, Marco; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Production of cost-efficient composite materials with desired physicochemical properties from low-cost waste material is much needed to meet the growing needs of the industrial sector. As a step forward, the current study reports for the first time an effective utilization of industrial metal (inorganic) waste as well as fall leaves (organic waste), to produce three types of nanomaterials at the same time; “Titanium Doped Activated Carbon Nanostructures (Ti-ACNs)”, “Nanocellulose (NCel)”, and combination of both “Titanium Doped Activated Carbon Cellulose Nanocomposite (Ti-AC-Cel-NC)”. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and microanalysis (EDXS) measurements reveal that the Ti-ACNs material is formed by Ti-nanostructures, generally poorly crystalized but in some cases forming hexagonal Ti-crystallites of 15 nm, embedded in mutated graphene clouds. Micro- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) confirms that the chemical structure of NCel with bond vibrations between 1035 to 2917 cm 1 remained preserved during Ti-AC-Cel-NC formation. The prepared materials (Ti-ACNs, Ti-AC-Cel-NC) have demonstrated rapid removal of organic pollutants (Crystal Violet, Methyl Violet) from wastewater through surface adsorption and photocatalysis. In the first 20 min, Ti-ACNs have adsorbed ≈87% of the organic pollutants and further photocatalyzed them up to ≈96%. When Ti-ACNs are combined with NCel, their efficiency is increased of about four times. This performance originates from the adsorption by mutated graphene-like carbon and assisted photocatalysis by Ti nanostructures as well as the good supporting capacity of NCel for the homogenous Ti-ACNs distribution.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/291730

Elemental atmospheric bulk deposition fluxes in the Victoria Land (Antarctica)
2021 European Aerosol Conference (EAC 2021), Book of Abstracts
Autore/i: Illuminati, S.; Vagnoni, F.; Conca, E.; Girolametti, F.; Fanelli, M.; Annibaldi, A.; Truzzi, C.; Ruello, M. L.; Giglione, G.; Falgiani, A. M.; Malandrino, M.; Vione, D. V.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/292079

The Critical Raw Materials Issue between Scarcity, Supply Risk, and Unique Properties
MATERIALS
Autore/i: Girtan, Mihaela; Wittenberg, Antje; Luisa Grilli, Maria; S de Oliveira, Daniel P; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This editorial reports on a thorough analysis of the abundance and scarcity distribution of chemical elements and the minerals they form in the Earth, Sun, and Universe in connection with their number of neutrons and binding energy per nucleon. On one hand, understanding the elements’ formation and their specific properties related to their electronic and nucleonic structure may lead to understanding whether future solutions to replace certain elements or materials for specific technical applications are realistic. On the other hand, finding solutions to the critical availability of some of these elements is an urgent need. Even the analysis of the availability of scarce minerals from European Union sources leads to the suggestion that a wide-ranging approach is essential. These two fundamental assumptions represent also the logical approach that led the European Commission to ask for a multi-disciplinary effort from the scientific community to tackle the challenge of Critical Raw Materials. This editorial is also the story of one of the first fulcrum around which a wide network of material scientists gathered thanks to the support of the funding organization for research and innovation networks, COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/298196

Mechanical, durability, depolluting and electrical properties of multifunctional mortars prepared with commercial or waste carbon-based fillers
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Belli, Alberto; Giosue', Chiara; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Bastianelli, Luca; Mazzoli, Alida; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Carbon-based fillers from industrial wastes and commercial ones were compared to improve the properties of lime-based mixes. As commercial fillers, graphene nanoplatelets and activated carbon were used, whereas as industrial wastes a char obtained by the gasification of biomasses and a used foundry sand were chosen. Carbon-based wastes were found to be a good cost-effective alternative to commercial carbon based fillers to increase the compressive strength (of about 25%) and to reduce water capillary absorption (of about 50%) thanks to the paste refinement; to enhance depollution capacity (of about 25%) and increase both electrical conductivity (up to 65%) and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (of about 6%) of the hardened compounds thanks to the carbon content.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/288423

Microstructural Features in Multicore Cu–Nb Composites
MATERIALS
Autore/i: Elena N., Popova; Irina L., Deryagina; Evgeniya G., Valova-Zaharevskaya; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Vladimir V., Popov
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The study is devoted to heavily drawn multicore Cu–18Nb composites of cylindrical and rectangular shapes. The composites were fabricated by the melt-and-deform method, namely, 600 in situ rods of Cu–18%Nb alloy were assembled in a copper shell and cold-drawn to a diameter of 15.4 mm (e = 10.2) and then rolled into a rectangular shape the size of 3 × 5.8 mm (e = 12.5). The specimens were analyzed from the viewpoints of their microstructure, microhardness, and thermal stability. The methods of SEM, TEM, X-ray analysis, and microhardness measurements were applied. It is demonstrated that, at higher strain, the fiber texture ⟨110⟩Nb∥ ⟨111⟩Cu∥ DD (drawing direction), characteristic of this material, becomes sharper. The distortions of niobium lattice can be observed, namely, the {110} Nb interplanar distance is broadened in longitudinal direction of specimens and compacted in transverse sections. The copper matrix lattice is distorted as well, though its distortions are much less pronounced due to its recrystallization. Evolution of microstructure under annealing consists mainly in the coagulation of ribbon-like Nb filaments and in the vanishing of lattice distortions. The structural changes in Nb filaments start at 300–400 °C, then develop actively at 600 °C and cause considerable decrease of strength at 700–800 °C.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/293644

An exploratory study of the policies and legislative perspectives on the end-of-life of lithium-ion batteries from the perspective of producer obligation
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Giosuè, Chiara; Marchese, D.; Cavalletti, M.; Isidori, R.; Conti, M.; Orcioni, S.; Ruello, M. L.; Stipa, P.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: European self-sufficiency in the battery sector is one of the major EU needs. The key lithiumion batteries (LIBs) materials demand is expected to increase in the next decade as a consequence of the increment in the LIBs production and a massive amount of spent LIBs will flood global markets. Hence, these waste streams would be a potential source of secondary raw materials to be valorized, under the principle of circular economy. European governments first, and then companies in the battery sector second, are addressing many efforts in improving legislation on batteries and accumulators. This study explores the current legislative aspects, the main perspective from the producer’s point of view, and the possibility to guarantee a proper recycle of spent LIBs. A monitoring proposal by means of a survey has been carried out and the Italian context, which has been taken as an example of the European context, and it was used to evaluate the practical implication of the current legislation. The main result of the survey is that a specific identification as well as regulations for LIBs are needed. The benefit from a cradle-to-cradle circular economy is still far from the actual situation but several industrial examples and ongoing European projects show the importance and feasibility of the reuse (e.g., second life) and recycle of LIBs.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/292811

Post-digestate composting benefits and the role of enzyme activity to predict trace element immobilization and compost maturity
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Autore/i: Biyensa, Gurmessa; Cocco, S.; Ashworth, J. A.; Foppa Pedretti, E.; Ilari, A.; Cardelli, V.; Fornasier, F.; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Corti, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The current study evaluated the quality of agricultural waste digestate by composting or co-composting with biogas feedstock (maize silage, food processing waste, or poultry litter). Temperature, phytotoxicity, C/N ratio, water extractable trace elements, and 14 enzyme activities were monitored. Temperature dropped earlier in digestate and maize silage co-composting pile, reducing time to maturity by 20 days. Composting and co-composting reduced phytotoxicity and C/N ratio, but increased immobilization of Al, Ba, Fe, Zn, and Mn at least by 40% in all piles. All the enzyme activities, except arylsulfatase and α-glucosidase, increased at the maturity phase and negatively correlated with organic matter content and most of trace elements. Post-digestate composting or co-composting with biogas feedstock is a promising strategy to improve digestate quality for fertilizer use, and selected enzyme activities can be indicators of compost maturity and immobilization of trace elements.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/295363

Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique
MATERIALS
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Giosue', Chiara; Czerwinska, Natalia; Rycewicz, Michal; Wieloszynska, Aleksandra; Bogdanowicz, Robert; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The enormous world demand for personal protective equipment to face the current SARSCoV- 2 epidemic has revealed two main weaknesses. On one hand, centralized production led to an initial shortage of respirators; on the other hand, the world demand for single-use equipment has had a direct and inevitable effect on the environment. Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and renewable thermoplastic polyester, mainly derived from corn starch. Electrospinning is an established and reproducible method to obtain nano- and microfibrous materials with a simple apparatus, characterized by high air filtration efficiencies. In the present work, we designed and optimized an open-source electrospinning setup, easily realizable with a 3D printer and using components widely available, for the delocalized production of an efficient and sustainable particulate matter filter. Filters were realized on 3D-printed PLA support, on which PLA fibers were subsequently electrospun. NaCl aerosol filtration tests exhibited an efficiency greater than 95% for aerosol having an equivalent diameter greater than 0.3  m and a fiber diameter comparable to the commercially available FFP2 melt-blown face mask. The particulate entrapped by the filters when operating in real environments (indoors, outdoors, and working scenario) was also investigated, as well as the amount of heavy metals potentially released into the environment after filtration activity.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/293048

Innovative hydraulic lime-based finishes with unconventional aggregates and TiO2 for the improvement of indoor air quality
MANUFACTURING REVIEW
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Citterio, Barbara; Biavasco, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/276217

Cigarette butts, a threat for marine environments: Lessons from benthic foraminifera (Protista)
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Autore/i: Caridi, Francesca; Sabbatini, Anna; Birarda, Giovanni; Costanzi, Elisa; De Giudici, Giovanni; Galeazzi, Roberta; Medas, Daniela; Mobbili, Giovanna; Ricciutelli, Massimo; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Vaccari, Lisa; Negri, Alessandra
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Cigarette butts are the most common form of litter in the world and their environmental impact is related to both persistence and potential toxic effects for chemical composition. The objective of this study was to assess the acute toxicity (LC50-48 h) of human-smoked cigarette butts leachate on 3 cultured genera of benthic foraminifera: the calcareous perforate Rosalina globularis, the calcareous imperforate Quinqueloculina spp., and the agglutinated Textularia agglutinans. The specimens were exposed to 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1 cigarette butts/L concentrations that prove to be acutely toxic to all taxa. Starting from 4 cigarette butts/L, both calcareous genera showed shell decalcification, and death of almost all the individuals, except for the more resistant agglutinated species. These results suggest the potential harmfulness of cigarette butts leachate related to pH reduction and release of toxic substances, in particular nicotine, which leads to physiology alteration and in many cases cellular death.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/285381

Increased phosphorus availability to corn resulting from the simultaneous applications of phosphate rock, calcareous rock, and biochar to an acid sandy soil
PEDOSPHERE
Autore/i: Rafael, R. B. A.; FERNANDEZ-MARCOS, M. L.; Cocco, S.; Ruello, M. L.; Fornasier, F.; Corti, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the main constraints on crop production in Arenosols (acid sandy soil). The high cost of P fertilizers may represent an insurmountable obstacle in many poor countries, leaving the exploitation of their own calcareous and phosphate rocks as the only low-cost and long-term alternative. Biochar is suggested to have positive effects on soil properties; however, there is no published research on the synergistic effects of biochar and rocky materials in modifying soil properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical and biochemical responses of an acid Arenosol treated with phosphate rock (PR), calcareous rock (CR), and biochar (BC), and the implications for corn yield. A soil from Marracuene District, Mozambique was used, where corn was grown for 90 d with the soil treated with: no addition (control), water-soluble zinc phosphite fertilizer (WSP), PR, WSP+CR, WSP+BC, WSP+CR+BC, PR+BC, and PR+CR+BC. Biochar was produced by pyrolysis of babycorn peels for 4 h at 450 °C and applied at 11 g kg−1. The soil pHH2O increased from about 4.54 in the control to 7.38 in the PR+CR+BC treatment. Easily oxidizable organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and available P were higher in the treatments containing BC than in the control. The treatments containing CR and/or BC led to the highest activities of alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, and α-glucosidase, which increased P availability and gave the greatest biomass and yields. We suggest that biochar provides additional soluble P and supplies adsorption sites for phosphate, preventing its evolution to unavailable forms. Thus, PR applied together with BC contributed to an 840% yield increase compared to the control. The treatments containing WSP and BC facilitated phosphite oxidation to phosphate and increased crop yield.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/297681

Multifunctional Lightweight Mortars for Indoor Applications to Improve Comfort and Health of Occupants: Thermal Properties and Photocatalytic Efficiency
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Mobili, Alessandra; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: A new generation of smart building materials, able to passively improve the indoor environment and the comfort of occupants owing to their interaction with the surrounding environment, can be addressed. This paper investigates the use of three highly porous aggregates to manufacture hydraulic lime-based multifunctional mortars to be used as indoor finishes. The same water/binder ratio was used for each mortar mix, and conventional calcareous sand was totally replaced by volume with zeolite, silica gel, and activated carbon. Nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) was added to award a photocatalytic behavior under UV radiation to the mortars. Results show that, as expected, when highly porous aggregates are used, mortars absorb more water by capillary suction. However, even though the mortars manufactured with lightweight aggregates have a lower density, the mechanical behavior of zeolite and activated carbon mortars is comparable or even higher than that of sand mortars, thanks to an optimum interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the binder paste and the aggregate. The photocatalytic activity, in terms of photocatalytic NOx degradation efficiency and selectivity of unwanted produced NO2, results to be optimal when silica gel-based mortar is tested. Additionally, the thermal-insulation properties are enhanced up to 40% by using all the unconventional aggregates.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/283721

Preparation and Characterization of an Electrospun PLA-Cyclodextrins Composite for Simultaneous High-Efficiency PM and VOC Removal
Journal of Composites Science
Autore/i: Palmieri, Silvia; 2, Mattia Pierpaoli; 3, Luca Riderelli; Qi, Sheng; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Electrospinning is known to be a facile and effective technique to fabricate fibers of a controlled diameter-distribution. Among a multitude of polymers available for the purpose, the attention should be addressed to the environmentally compatible ones, with a special focus on sustainability. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a widespread, non-toxic polymer, originating from renewable sources and it can degrade into innocuous products. While the production of fibrous membranes is attractive for airborne particles filtration applications, their impact on the removal of gaseous compounds is generally neglected. In this study, electrospun PLA-based nanofibers were functionalized with cyclodextrins, because of their characteristic hydrophobic central cavity and a hydrophilic outer surface, in order to provide adsorptive properties to the composite. The aim of this work is to investigate a hybrid composite, from renewable sources, for the combined filtration of particulate matter (PM) and adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Results show how their inclusion into the polymer strongly affects the fiber morphology, while their attachment onto the fiber surface only positively affects the filtration efficiency.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/282684

Electrodes criticality: the impact of CRMs in the leachate electrochemical oxidation
MANUFACTURING REVIEW
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Rycewicz, Michał; Łuczkiewicz, Aneta; Fudala-Ksiązek, Sylwia; Bogdanowicz, Robert; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Landfill leachate possesses high concentrations of ammonia, micropollutants, and heavy metals, and are characterised for low biodegradability. For this reason, conventional treatment technologies may result ineffective for complete pollutant removal. Electrochemical oxidation allows most of the of recalcitrant pollutants to be oxidised effectively within an easy operational and acceptable retention time, without the need to provide additional chemicals, and without producing waste materials. The mineralisation efficiency and electrode durability depend on the nature of the electrode material. The conventionally adopted anodes can contain critical raw materials (CRMs), and are subject to extreme corrosion conditions. CRM-free electrodes, such as carbon and graphite-based, exhibit a lower efficiency, and are subject to faster deactivation, or, as for lead-dioxide-based electrodes, can constitute a hazard due to the release into the effluent of the coating corrosion products. In this study, the relationship between electrode type, CRM content, and the removal efficiencies of organic compounds and ammonium-nitrogen (N-NH 4 ) was investigated. Material criticality was estimated by the supply risk with economic importance indexes reported in the 2017 EU CRM List. The COD and N-NH 4 removal efficiencies were obtained from a literature analysis of 25 publications. The results show that, while single and multi-oxide-coated electrodes may contain low amounts of CRM, but with limited efficiency, boron- doped diamonds (BDD) may constitute the best compromise in terms of a reduced content of CRM and a high mineralisation efficiency.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/275026

Sustainability in Construction Materials: From Waste Valorization to Circular Economy
The First Outstanding 50 Years of “Università Politecnica delle Marche”
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; Bellezze, Tiziano; Corinaldesi, Valeria; Donnini, Jacopo; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco; Fava, Gabriele; Favoni, Orlando; Fratesi, Romeo; Giosue', Chiara; Giuliani, Giampaolo; Marcellini, Mirco; Mazzoli, Alida; Mobili, Alessandra; Roventi, Gabriella; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: Springer
Luogo di pubblicazione: Cham
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Already from the beginning, 50 years ago, the first nucleus of researchers establishing the research group, was convinced that the construction sector was the best option for the valorization of industrial by-products as “secondary raw materials”. In fact, this sector is probably the largest consumer of resources and the largest waste generator, consequently it has huge environmental impact. On the other hand, construction materials affect the performance of buildings with respect to safety, health, environmental performance and energy efficiency. Manufacturing of construction products using alternative raw materials; recycling to manage construction and demolition waste; durability and environmental compatibility of materials: all these were the different and challenging fields of research that the group has faced in a continuous effort of innovation and cooperation at national and international level. The focus of the group was already perfectly in line with what is now called “Circular Economy”, which at present is considered a revolution in the way of human economic development. We are sure the group thus contributed to this revolution even before the term was in current use. We feel ready for the next 50.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/272692

Microstructural Analysis and Strength Development of One-Part Alkali-Activated Slag/Ceramic Binders Under Different Curing Regimes
WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
Autore/i: Abdollahnejad, Z.; Luukkonen, T.; Mastali, M.; Giosue, C.; Favoni, O.; Ruello, M. L.; Kinnunen, P.; Illikainen, M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Alkali-activated binders have shown great potential in the reuse of industrial waste materials and have therefore received significant attention. The use of one-part or a “just-add-water” alkali-activated binder aims to avoid the use of alkali-activator solutions which have traditionally been utilized in two-part systems. By using a solid activator, the disadvantages posed by hazardous liquid activators (such as the difficulties of using them on-site) can be minimized. Ceramic materials represent a considerable fraction of construction and demolition wastes, and originate not only from the building process, but also as tiles from industry and rejected bricks. Besides using these waste materials as road sub-base or construction backfill materi- als, they can also be employed as supplementary cementitious materials or even as raw material for alkali-activated binders. This paper presents the strength development and microstructural results obtained from examining different compositions under various curing conditions (sealing, ambient, and submerged in water). Two different ceramic wastes (with and without firing) were used as a partial replacement (5–10% by mass) of ground granulated blast-furnace slag. Specimens were then cured under three different curing regimes, including: (1) plastic-sealed, (2) unsealed at ambient conditions with an aver- age temperature of 23 °C and 35% RH, and (3) submerged in water until the test date. Mechanical testing (compressive and flexural strengths) and microstructural analysis (SEM/EDX, XRD, MIP, heat of hydration, TGA, and DTA) were used to determine the effects of curing conditions. The results showed that ceramic waste content and type, as well as curing regimes, greatly affect the chemical reaction products, strength development, and structural stability.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/264125

Electroadsorptive Removal of Gaseous Pollutants
APPLIED SCIENCES
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Fava, Gabriele; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Adsorption is a consequence of surface energy distribution, and the existence of electrostatic bonding suggests that the presence of an external electric field may affect adsorbate/adsorbent interactions. Nevertheless, this aspect has been poorly studied in the literature, except under non-thermal plasma or corona discharge conditions. After having demonstrated in our previous work that the adsorption kinetics of gaseous organic compounds can be enhanced by the presence of an external applied electric field, in this study, we focus on the influence of the electric field on adsorbent and adsorptive interactions. By using a commercially available activated carbon cloth, in addition to increasing the adsorbent mass transfer coefficient by virtue of the increasing intensity of the applied electric field, the results suggest that adsorbent morphology is only influenced by the formation of new surface functional groups. Moreover, enhanced adsorption kinetics and capacity may result from the electrohydrodynamic force induced by the movement of charged and neutral particles towards the adsorbent, as confirmed by the reversibility of the process. Such enhancement results in a negligible increase, of about 3%, in adsorption capacity (i.e., from 91 mmol m − 2 Pa − 1 for only adsorption to 94 mmol m − 2 Pa − 1 in the presence of the applied electric field), but also in a dramatic doubling of adsorption kinetics (i.e., from 0.09 min − 1 for only adsorption to 0.19 min − 1 in the presence of the applied electric field). In reality, the application of an electric field to an activated carbon cloth leads to faster adsorption kinetics, without substantially altering its adsorption capacity.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/264450

Tailoring Electro/Optical Properties of Transparent Boron-Doped Carbon Nanowalls Grown on Quartz
MATERIALS
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Ficek, Mateusz; Rycewicz, Michał; Sawczak, Mirosław; Karczewski, Jakub; Ruello, Maria; Bogdanowicz, Robert
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Carbon nanowalls (CNWs) have attracted much attention for numerous applications in electrical devices because of their peculiar structural characteristics. However, it is possible to set synthesis parameters to vary the electrical and optical properties of such CNWs. In this paper, we demonstrate the direct growth of highly transparent boron-doped nanowalls (B-CNWs) on optical grade fused quartz. The effect of growth temperature and boron doping on the behavior of boron-doped carbon nanowalls grown on quartz was studied in particular. Temperature and boron inclusion doping level allow for direct tuning of CNW morphology. It is possible to operate with both parameters to obtain a transparent and conductive film; however, boron doping is a preferred factor to maintain the transparency in the visible region, while a higher growth temperature is more effective to improve conductance. Light transmittance and electrical conductivity are mainly influenced by growth temperature and then by boron doping. Tailoring B-CNWs has important implications for potential applications of such electrically conductive transparent electrodes designed for energy conversion and storage devices.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/263564

End-of-life liquid crystal display recovery: Toward a zero-waste approach
APPLIED SCIENCES
Autore/i: Amato, A.; Becci, A.; Mariani, P.; Carducci, F.; Ruello, M. L.; Monosi, S.; Giosuè, C.; Beolchini, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: End-of-life liquid crystal displays (LCD) represent a possible source of secondary raw materials, mainly glass and an optoelectronic film composed of indium (90%) and tin (10%) oxides. A strong interest for indium, classified as critical raw material, pushed research towards the development of high-efficiency recycling processes. Nevertheless, a deepened study of the technological innovation highlighted that only a small number of treatments included use of whole waste. Furthermore, these processes often need high temperatures, long times, and raw materials that have a significant environmental impact. In this context, this article shows an approach developed in accordance with the "zero waste" principles for whole, end-of-life LCD panel recycling. This process includes preliminary grinding, followed by cross-current acid leaching and indium recovery by zinc cementation, with efficiencies greater than 90%. A recirculation system further increases sustainability of the process. To enhance all waste fractions, glass cullets from leaching are used for concrete production, avoiding their disposal in landfill sites. Considering the achieved efficiencies, combined the simple design suitable for real-scale application (as confirmed by the related patent pending), this process represents an excellent example of implementing circular economy pillars
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/269446

Benefits of Biochars and NPK Fertilizers for Soil Quality and Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in an Acid Arenosol
PEDOSPHERE
Autore/i: Rafael, Rogério Borguete Alves; FERNÁNDEZ-MARCOS, Maria Luisa; Cocco, Stefania; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Fornasier, Flavio; Corti, Giuseppe
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Fertilization is required for optimum plant growth, particularly in unfertile soils, while optimizing nutrient use efficiency is an alternative to reduce inorganic fertilizer needs and reduce environmental problems caused by nutrient leaching. This study investigated soil properties and cowpea yield responses to biochars (BCs) made from different feedstocks, baby corn peel biochar (BC1), branches of mango tree biochar (BC2), and rice husk biochar (BC3), applied in combination with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizers. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using an acid sandy soil (Arenosol) that was submitted for 70 d to the following eight treatments: i) control; ii) full dose of NPK (a commercial compound fertilizer (12-24-12 of N-P2O5-K2O) + urea (46% N)); iii) BC1 + half dose of NPK; iv) BC1 + full dose of NPK; v) BC2 + half dose of NPK; vi) BC2 + full dose of NPK; vii) BC3 + half dose of NPK; and viii) BC3 + full dose of NPK. All biochars were applied at a rate of 0.9% (weight/weight), and each type of biochar was combined with half and full doses of NPK fertilizers. Soil pH increased significantly (P < 0:05) in treatments with BC1 and BC2, while cation exchange capacity (CEC) and available P were higher in the treatments with BC1; BC1 and BC2 also induced higher activity of enzymes related to the P cycle and higher cowpea yield. Similar soil properties and cowpea yield parameters were obtained with the full and half doses of NPK fertilizers for each type of biochar used. In conclusion, biochars in the combination with NPK fertilizers improved soil chemistry and enzymatic activities, allowing reduced fertilizer application and food production costs in the acid soil studied.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/270797

A Study of the Adsorption–Structural Parameters and Photoactivity of TiO2/Kaolinite Composite
PROTECTION OF METALS AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF SURFACES
Autore/i: Bondarenko, V. V.; Ruello, M. L.; Bondarenko, A. V.; Petukhova, G. A.; Dubinin, L. A.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The TiO2/kaolinite material—a filler for construction materials with the function of passive degradation of household organic pollutants—has been synthesized and its properties have been examined. Synthesis of the material has been performed under varied conditions: the amount of the reactive mixture and temperature of thermal treatment have been altered. Thereafter, the effect of the synthesis conditions on chemical composition, surface morphology, phase composition, adsorption parameters, and changes in the adsorption activity has been determined at irradiation by UV and visible light.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/266827

Properties of multifunctional lightweight mortars containing zeolite and natural fibers
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE CEMENT BASED MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosuè, C.; Mobili, A.; Yu, Q. L.; Brouwers, H. J. H.; Ruello, M. L.; Tittarelli, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The article focuses on the development of innovative and multifunctional mortars with low environmental impact for indoor applications acting as passive systems to moderate extremes of humidity and to lower the concentration of pollutants. Mortars are manufactured by keeping constant the water/binder ratio, using sand as reference aggregate, and by replacing the total volume of sand with zeolite. In some mixes the aggregate, is also at 25vol% by wool natural fibers. Regardless lightness, zeolite thanks to its pozzolanic activity, helps to improve the compressive strength of mortars manufactured with wool fibers. In addition, the combination of zeolite and wool increases the hygro-thermal performance of mortars: water vapor resistance factor (22% lower than the reference), moisture buffering value (100% higher than the reference), and thermal conductivity (66% lower than the reference), respectively. Depolluting properties of zeolite-based mortars, in terms of adsorption capacity, are 65% lower than that of reference mortar.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/266704

The effect of peat and wood fly ash on the porosity of mortar
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Rissanen, Jouni; Giosué, Chiara; Ohenoja, Katja; Kinnunen, Paivo; Marcellini, Mirco; Letizia Ruello, Maria; Tittarelli, Francesca; Illikainen, Mirja
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Fluidized bed combustion fly ash (FBCFA), notably different from regular (coal) fly ash, is a promising industrial side stream to be used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Peat and wood are important sources of biomass for energy production in Nordic countries and generate formidable amounts of un-used ash yearly. Two FBCFAs from the co-combustion of peat and wood, fly ash from coal combustion, and limestone filler were used to replace 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 40 wt% of cement in mortar specimens. The compressive strength, porosity, water absorption, water vapor permeability, and drying shrinkage of the mortars were measured and compared. It was found that in almost all properties FBCFAs outperformed un-reactive limestone filler. Compared to coal fly ash, FBCFAs produced mortars with comparable compressive strength although with higher porosity, water absorption, and water vapor permeability.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/267658

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of transparent carbon nanowall/TiO2 heterostructures
MATERIALS LETTERS
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Lewkowicz, Aneta; Rycewicz, Michał; Szczodrowski, Karol; Letizia Ruello, Maria; Bogdanowicz, Robert
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The synthesis of novel tunable carbon-based nanostructure represented a pivotal point to enhance the efficiency of existing photocatalysts and to extend their applicability to a wider number of sustainable processes. In this letter, we describe a transparent photocatalytic heterostructure by growing boron-doped carbon nanowalls (B-CNWs) on quartz, followed by a simple TiO2 sol-gel deposition. The effect on the thickness and boron-doping in the B-CNWs layer was studied, and the photocatalytic removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) measured. Our results show that TiO2, in the anatase form, was uniformly deposited on the carbon nanowall layer. The underlying carbon nanowall layer played a double role in the heterostructure: it both affects the crystallinity of the TiO2 and promotes the separation of the photoexcited electron-holes, by increasing the number of contact points between the two layers. In summary, the combination of B-CNWs with TiO2 can enhance the separation of the electron–hole photogenerated charges, due to the peculiar CNWs maze-like structure.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/272471

Special Issue "Sustainable Buildings and Indoor Air Quality"
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The reduction of energy consumption in buildings is achievable only if building components can satisfy several criteria of sustainability during their entire service life: In the production phase, by adopting materials with low thermal transmittance, manufactured with low cost and energy saving processing, even by valorizing byproducts/ wastes. - During the service life, by ensuring the ability to guarantee a comfortable and healthy IAQ, the energy efficiency, also for active engineered control systems (HVAC), and durability. Since the cost to restore a degraded structure increases exponentially with the level of degradation, monitoring systems should be developed to detect as soon as possible the conditions favorable to deterioration. - At the end of the service life, by adopting materials able to be recycled.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/288021

Metodo di trattamento e valorizzazione di schermi a cristalli liquidi a fine vita con rifiuti zero
Autore/i: Beolchini, Francesca; Amato, Alessia; Mariani, Paolo; Carducci, Federica; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Monosi, Saveria
Classificazione: 6 Brevetti
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/308427

Preparation and characterization of a TiO2/carbon nanowall composite on a transparent substrate
PHOTONICS LETTERS OF POLAND
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Lewkowicz, Aneta; Ficek, Mateusz; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Bogdanowicz, Robert
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: A transparent titanium dioxide and carbon nanowall composite (B-CNW/TiO2) material was fabricated by growing boron-doped carbon nanowalls (B-CNWs) on quartz glass with microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique, followed by sol-gel deposition using titanium isopropoxide as a TiO2 precursor. Different layer thicknesses were fabricated. Samples were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Results shows how the B-CNW thickness affects the optical transmittance, bandgap and electrical conductivity.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/259174

Assessment and potential nutrient release from phosphate rock and dolostone for application in acid soils
PEDOSPHERE
Autore/i: Borguete Alves Rafael, R.; Fernández-Marcos, M. L.; Cocco, S.; Ruello, L; Weindorf, D. C.; Cardelli, V.; Corti, G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Finding alternative local sources of plant nutrients is a practical, low-cost, and long-term strategy. In this study, laboratory column experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design to evaluate the feasibility of using phosphate rock and dolostone as fertilizers or acid-neutralizing agents for application in tropical acid soils. The dissolution rates of different particle-size fractions (0.063–0.25, 0.25–0.5, and 0.5–2 mm) of both rocks were studied by citric acid solution at pH 4 and 2 and water, with extraction times of 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, 24, 72, 144, 240, and 360 h. The results showed that the dissolution of both rocks depended on the particle size, leaching solution, and extraction time. The dissolution rate of rock-forming minerals increased as the specific surface area increased, corresponding to a decrease in particle size. In all cases, the release kinetics was characterized by two phases: 1) a first stage of rapid release that lasted 24 h and would ensure short-term nutrient release, and 2) a second stage of slow release after 24 h, representing the long-term nutrient release efficiency. Both rocks were suitable as slow-release fertilizers in strongly acid soils and would ensure the replenishment of P, Ca, and Mg. A combination of fine and medium particle-size fractions should be used to ensure high nutrient-release efficiency. Much work could remain to determine the overall impact of considerable amounts of fresh rocks in soils.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/264265

A Novel Method for the Combined Photocatalytic Activity Determination and Bandgap Estimation
Methods and Protocols
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Favoni, Orlando; Fava, Gabriele; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The ability of a photocatalyst to degrade a target pollutant is a commonly used method to assess its effectiveness for environmental applications, while ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry are conventional techniques for the estimation of a semiconductor band gap. In this work, an array of six light-emitting diodes (LEDs), characterized by different emission peaks between 470–370 nm and absorbed power of 3 W, was implemented into an existing standard testing apparatus for the testing of nitrogen oxides degradation in air. The abatement indexes, obtained under different LEDs irradiation, were firstly compared to the ones determined according the standard and, secondly, correlated with the measured LED emission spectrum, in order to estimate the photocatalyst band gap. Results suggest that this expeditious technique can be easily implemented into existing testing apparatus for the estimation of the band gap and for the appraisal of photocatalytic materials under realistic conditions
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/258810

Effect of pore structure on the performance of photocatalytic lightweight lime-based finishing mortar
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue, C.; Yu, Q. L.; Ruello, M. L.; Tittarelli, F.; Brouwers, H. J. H.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The present paper aims to evaluate the performance of photocatalytic lightweight indoor hydraulic limebased finishing mortars, with Portland cement-based finishing mortar as a reference. Two different types of aggregates, expanded glass and expanded silicate, are utilized to achieve the lightweight character and their contributions are investigated. The pore structure of the developed mortars is determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and BET methods. The mechanical strength, drying shrinkage, thermal physical properties and air pollutant removal ability of the mortars are investigated and the effects of pore structure on these properties are evaluated. Due to the higher porosity, lime-based finishing mortars possess a higher capillary water absorption and higher drying shrinkage, which can be explained by the Kelvin-Laplace mechanism. The limebased mortar shows very good thermal properties, with a thermal conductivity of 0.15 W/(mK). The lime-based mortar shows a better ability of removing air pollutants, up to 46% under indoor air conditions laboratory test, compared to the cement-based mortar, which is attributed to the lower content of gel pores present in the lime-based mortar. Expanded glass shows positive influences concerning thermal properties and air pollutant removal ability compared to expanded silicate.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/256375

Indoor Air Quality: A Bibliometric Study
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: What are the actual trends in Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), and in which direction is academic interest moving? Much progress has been made in identifying and mitigating indoor pollutants, due to both prevention campaigns (e.g., smoking bans) and greater control of product emissions. However, IAQ is still of interest and the future trends are unknown. In this study, a thorough bibliometric analysis was conducted on the scientific literature available on the Web of Science database with CiteSpace from 1990 until today. It was possible to identify past trends and current advances, both with the aim of introducing the IAQ topic to those encountering it for the first time and to examine the issues that are expected to be pertinent in the future.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/261550

Effect of unconventional fillers on the performances of commercial paints for indoor applications
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Tribuiani, C; Favoni, Orlando; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251379

Malta Multifunzionale
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra
Classificazione: 6 Brevetti
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/295288

Lightweight materials for indoor application: the way to increase comfort and health of occupants
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Yu, Q; Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Brouwers, Hjh
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251376

Non-Destructive Testing for the In Situ Assessment of the Ionic Flux in Cementitious Materials
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The study deals with the design, calibration and testing of a diffusive sampling probe for in situ assessment of ion mobility in binder-based matrix. In parallel, leaching texts were conducted to compare the ions release obtained under equilibrium condition with the dynamic flux induced by the diffusive sampling probe. The probe contains an ionic exchange resin that acts as sink, causing a re-supply of ions from the solid to the solution phase, and inducing diffusion fluxes from the mortar through a thin diffusion chamber. The flux depends on the quantity of mobile ions in the solid phase and on the exchanging rate from solid phase to solution. By means of the in situ sampling with this diffusive probe, information about the interaction of materials with the environment can be obtained. This information is very useful for the environmental impact assessment of the material and its durability.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251357

Improving the Impact of Commercial Paint on Indoor Air Quality by Using Highly Porous Fillers
BUILDINGS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Citterio, Barbara; Biavasco, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In the current paper, the effect on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of two commercial acrylic-based paints were compared: one (Paint A) for indoor applications, the other (Paint B) for indoor/outdoor applications. Both were applied on an inert and on a real mortar substrate. The possibility of Paint B to passively improve IAQ was also investigated when adding highly porous adsorbent fillers, both as addition or as total replacement of a conventional siliceous one. The obtained results show that all paints have high capacity to inhibit biological growth. Paint A is more breathable and it has a higher moisture buffering capacity. Paint B negatively modifies the beneficial properties of the mortar substrate for IAQ. However, the use of unconventional fillers, especially as addition to the formulation, allows the recovery of the same properties of the substrate or even the enhancement of about 20% of the ability to adsorb volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under the current test conditions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/252233

Damaged Concrete Viaduct in an Italian Highway: Concrete Characterization and Possible Strengthening Techniques by FRP Applications in Comparison
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Capuani, Domenico; Aprile, Alessandra
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The “Fornello” viaduct in the Italian Orte-Ravenna highway (E45) is seriously damaged. In this paper, the concrete of the reinforced slab has been widely characterized to evaluate the level of damage and to identify the causes of degradation. No-destructive tests, as those based on ultrasonic waves, as well as chemical, physical and mechanical destructive tests have been carried out on specimens drawn from deteriorated and not deteriorated zones of the R/C bridge decks. Into the slab thickness, the concentration distribution of main anions has been quantified by ion chromatography. Porosimetry tests have been carried out to detect the resistance to freeze-thaw cycles of cement paste. Possible strengthening techniques by FRP applications have been compared.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251667

Enhanced Adsorption of Organic Compounds over an Activated Carbon Cloth by an External-Applied Electric Field
ENVIRONMENTS
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Fava, Gabriele
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Adsorption of pollutants on activated carbon is an effective air pollution control technique. In this study, a strong and non-uniform electric field was applied over an activated carbon fiber cloth. The adsorption kinetic of several organic compounds (Acetone, Acetaldehyde, Benzene, Cyclohexane, Ethanol, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Toluene, 1-Propanol) on the activated carbon cloth was evaluated in the presence and in the absence of an electric field. Results suggest that its application enhances the adsorptive process. A linear correlation was found between such enhancement and the specific heat of liquefaction of the organic compounds.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246428

Solutions for critical raw materials under extreme conditions: A review
MATERIALS
Autore/i: Grilli, Maria Luisa; Bellezze, Tiziano; Gamsjäger, Ernst; Rinaldi, Antonio; Novak, Pavel; Balos, Sebastian; Piticescu, Radu Robert; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In Europe, many technologies with high socio-economic benefits face materials requirements that are often affected by demand-supply disruption. This paper offers an overview of critical raw materials in high value alloys and metal-matrix composites used in critical applications, such as energy, transportation and machinery manufacturing associated with extreme working conditions in terms of temperature, loading, friction, wear and corrosion. The goal is to provide perspectives about the reduction and/or substitution of selected critical raw materials: Co, W, Cr, Nb and Mg.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/249739

Influence of Binders and Lightweight Aggregates on the Properties of Cementitious Mortars: From Traditional Requirements to Indoor Air Quality Improvement
MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Mobili, Alessandra; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Innovative and multifunctional mortars for renders and panels were manufactured using white photocatalytic and non-photocatalytic cement as binder. Unconventional aggregates, based on lightweight materials with high specific surface and adsorbent properties, were adopted in order to investigate the possible ability to passively improve indoor air quality. The reference mortar was manufactured with traditional calcareous sand. Results show that even if the mechanical properties of mortars with unconventional aggregates generally decrease, they remain acceptable for application as render. The innovative mortars were able to passively improve indoor air quality in terms of transpirability (70% higher), moisture buffering ability (65% higher) and depolluting capacity (up to 75% higher) compared to traditional ones under the current test conditions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/250516

Non-destructive testing for the in situ assessment of the ionic flux in cementitious materials
International Conference on Advanced Material Technologies (ICAMT)-2016
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/249813

Photocatalytic Cement-based Mortars with Unconventional Aggregates for the Improvement of Indoor Air Quality
9th European Meeting on Solar Chemistry and Photocatalysis: Environmental Applications (SPEA-9)
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Using of passive systems to improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) could be very useful in terms of energy savings and comfort of occupants. This study focused on an innovative and multifunctional mortar able to improve IAQ. The action of Photocatalytic binder coupled with adsorbent materials used as aggregates was investigated. Results show better water vapour permeability and moisture buffering capacity, and lower mechanical properties of unconventional-aggregate based mortars with respect to the traditional ones. With respect to VOC, depollution capacity of the former was up to 65% higher than the mortar prepared with sand. The addition of UV irradiation positively influences depollution capacity even in presence of conventional aggregate.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/238679

Silica-Titania Composites for the Air De-Pollution
Air Quality Improvement and Future Challenges: Sciences, Technologies & Solutions Book of Abstracts
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Xu, Zheng; Bondarenko, Vladimir; Wang, Ruzhu; Fava, Gabriele; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Environmental photocatalysis is a promising “green” technology for the urban air de-pollution, however showing some limitations in full-scale applications [1], but possessing open perspectives for China and other Countries. The aim of this study was to prepare a silica/titania (SiO2/TiO2) photocatalyst and to test its performance toward Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) and Nitrogen Oxide (NO) degradation. Two different ethods were used to prepare silica-titania composites. For each method, three samples having different compositions were synthetized.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246461

Appraisal of a Multitasking Air Cleaner Process Based on Multiple Combined Techniques
9th European meeting on Solar Chemistry and Photocatalysis: Environmental Applications (SPEA)
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Fava, Gabriele
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Nowadays there is an amplified interest in maintaining suitable Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Besides a wide range of available interventions, air cleaners are considered a valuable tool since based on inexpensive and easily implementing technologies to improve IAQ. The purpose of this work is to combine the TiO2-photocatalysis with the electrostatic and adsorptive processes, in order to improve efficiency and selectivity. A TiO2-photocatalytic oxidation combined with an electrostatic filter has been studied. Nitrogen oxide reduction and degradation of many Volatile Organic Compounds over different catalyst support were monitored jointly with CO and CO2 production. The choice of materials with diversified adsorptive characteristics plays an important role in the observed efficiency and selectivity.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246464

COMMERCIAL AND WASTE CARBON BASED NANO/MICRO FILLERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL MORTARS
Cost Action 15107, Multi-Functional Nano-Carbon Composite Materials - MULTICOMP, Scientific Kick-Off meeting
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Roventi, Gabriella; Corinaldesi, Valeria; Mazzoli, Alida; Bellezze, Tiziano; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246367

Ageing of Photocatalytic Materials: Investigation, Assessment and Possible Solving
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
Autore/i: Bondarenko, Vladimir; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Bondarenko, Antonina
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The stability of composite materials (TiO2-film deposited on a kaolinite and montmorillonite matrix) in time was investigated. The obtained results showed that the adsorption activity (capacity and specific area) decreased in comparison with the results of 2011. It was found that the samples in which the content of titanium dioxide is not more than 100-120 mg/g, characterized by the highest stability. As regards the influence of UV-radiation, the results demonstrate that the sensitivity to UV radiation for kaolinite matrix materials increases as the estimated content of TiO2 up to 100 mg/g in presence of UV-irradiation, and up to 150 mg/g - in the presence of pre-activation, whereas the influence of ultraviolet on montmorillonite is noticeably lower.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/234429

Electric arc furnace slag as natural aggregate replacement in concrete production
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
Autore/i: Monosi, Saveria; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Sani, Daniela
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Recycled materials in the building industry represent an attractive alternative to the consumption of natural resources. The paper shows results obtained by adding electric arc furnace slag (EAFs) as partial replacement of natural aggregates in concrete production. EAFs determines a significant increase in the compressive strength of concrete while it does not seem to affect the bending strength and drying shrinkage of cement mixtures. The concrete durability was approached by a careful chemical analysis and microstructural investigation of EAFs. The tendency to deteriorate seems negligible due to a low presence of amorphous and expansive compounds leading to an increase in volume. Moreover, the metals released, compared with the national legislation requirements, meet environmental standards.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/227965

Appraisal of a hybrid air cleaning process
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
Autore/i: Pierpaoli, Mattia; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Fava, Gabriele
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Nowadays, there is an amplified interest in maintaining suitable indoor air quality (IAQ). Besides a wide range of available interventions, air cleaners are considered a valuable tool, since based on inexpensive and easily implementing technologies to improve IAQ. The purpose of this work is to combine the TiO2-photocatalysis with the electrostatic and adsorption processes, in order to improve efficiency and reliability. A TiO2-photocatalytic oxidation combined with an electrostatic filter has been studied. Nitrogen oxides reduction and degradation of many VOC over different catalyst support were monitored jointly with CO and CO2 production. The coupling of photocatalysis with an external electric field enhances efficiency of the process. The choice of materials with diversified adsorptive characteristics plays an important role in the durability of the process over time.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246460

Improving Indoor Air quality with passive systems: a new perspective for sustainable indoor building materials
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Mancini, Roberto; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In order to reduce energy consumption in buildings, more isolated and sealed structures are designed. The resulting poor air changing decreases indoor air quality in terms of not adequate levels of indoor humidity and high concentration of pollutants. Reactive building materials offer an opportunity to provide indoor air cleaning with minimal energy use. This research focuses on the development of innovative and multifunctional mortar for indoor panels with low environmental impact able to improve comfort and health of occupants. This material exploits the positive interaction between different constituents usually used separately (e.i. wool insulating panels or lime-zeolite mortars).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246188

Secondary indium production from end-of-life liquid crystal displays
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI. C, CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Autore/i: Amato, Alessia; Rocchetti, Laura; Fonti, Viviana; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Beolchini, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/247115

Effect of biomass waste materials as unconventional aggregates in multifunctional mortars for indoor application.
World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium WMCAUS 2016
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Toscano, Giuseppe; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Francesca, Tittarelli
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: In order to decrease energy consumption in buildings, a new way to recycle waste materials coming from biomasses by-product in mortars was studied. In this way a better management of biomass waste, reducing materials in landfill, can also be reached. To this aim, mortars with water/cement equal to 0.5 by weight and aggregate/cement equal to 3.5 by volume were considered. Then, cement was replaced by hydraulic lime and sand was substituted with two different types of spruce sawdust shavings (as it is and roasted), biomass bottom ash and biomass fly ash. The results show that mortar prepared with cement has obviously better mechanical compressive strength and 60% lower capillary water absorption. All unconventional aggregates increase the total porosity of lime mortars from 41%, in the case of biomass bottom ash, to 52% in the case of spruce sawdust shavings and fly ash. Moreover, biomass fly ash and both spruce sawdust shavings, decrease density of mortars to permit the classification as lightweight mortar (with ρ less than 1300 kg/m3). Regardless porosity and lightness, biomass bottom ash improves up to 150% the mechanical performance of lime-based mortars. As regards durability, in general bio-based lime mortars show nearly twice higher capillary water absorption with respect to sand lime mortars. Roasted spruce sawdust shavings and biomass bottom ash decreases the capillary water absorption of lime mortars of about 5% and 50%, respectively regardless of porosity and lightness. All mortars can be classified as permeable to water vapour, since the vapour transmission resistance factors are very close or less than 15. Moreover, spruce sawdust shavings as it is and roasted are able to increase three and two times the capacity of mortar to be a hygroscopic buffer in terms of MBV values. All biomass waste unconventional aggregates improve the depollution capacity in terms of percentage of adsorbed Volatile Organic Compound as Methyl Ethyl Keton (MEK) inside a sealed box of lime-based mortars. In particular, both biomass ashes (bottom and fly) show the best performances with a reduction of MEK concentration 75% higher than reference lime mortars adsorbing up to 95% of MEK after two hours test.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/236252

Valorizing end-of-life LCD scraps after indium recovery
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI. C, CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; Amato, Alessia; Beolchini, Francesca; Monosi, Saveria
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: For the WEEE European directives, efforts must be undertaken to reuse or securely dispose LCD waste, however no practical process was reported yet, although it is possible to recover many glass, plastic and precious metals, in particular Indium. Indium is one of the element included by the European Commission in the list of 20 raw materials critical for economic importance and high supply risk. The work aims to valorize LCD scraps after Indium recovery with low cost applications both economically and environmentally speaking. Applications were been explored by many researchers, although most focused only on the use of glass powder waste LCD to design concrete. The work deals the use of LCD scraps as it is after cross-current leaching of Indium with H2SO4. The experimental work consists of scraps characterization, washing procedure optimization to remove any residual acid, mortar production, performance testing, and LCA. The results show that LCD scraps exhibit little or no pozzolanic activity. This delay on reactivity can be ascribed to organic residues that prevent the pozzolanic reaction and/or to a lower fineness than that typical of binders or fillers. For this reason the actual investigation focuses to exploit the waste as partial replacement of traditional aggregates.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/238338

Effect of Biomass Waste Materials as Unconventional Aggregates in Multifunctional Mortars for Indoor Application
PROCEDIA ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Toscano, Giuseppe; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In order to decrease energy consumption in buildings, a new way to recycle materials coming from biomasses waste in mortars was studied. For this purpose, mortars with water/cement equal to 0.5 by weight and aggregate/cement equal to 3.5 by volume were considered. Cement was replaced by hydraulic lime and sand was substituted with two different types of spruce sawdust shavings (as it is and roasted), biomass bottom ash and biomass fly ash. The results show that mortar prepared with cement has obviously a better mechanical strength and 60% lower capillary water absorption. All unconventional aggregates increase the total porosity of lime mortars. Moreover, biomass fly ash and both spruce sawdust shavings based mortars can be classified as lightweight mortar. Regardless of porosity and lightness, biomass bottom ash improves up to 150% the mechanical performance of lime-based mortars. Concerning durability, bio-based lime mortars show in general nearly twice higher capillary water absorption with respect to the sand lime mortars whit the exception of spruce sawdust shavings and biomass bottom ash. Mortars can be classified as permeable to water vapour. As it is and roasted spruce sawdust shavings are able to increase three and two times the capacity of the mortar to be a hygroscopic buffer in terms of MBV values.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246019

Improvement of indoor air quality using photocatalytic cement-based mortars
Advanced Building Skins
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: EF ECONOMIC FORUM
Luogo di pubblicazione: Munich
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Recent European laws and directives are stricter in terms of energy efficiency of buildings. Constructions are currently built up more sealed and there is not enough air changing. This condition leads to a greater risk of unhealthy indoor environments. Mortars, plasters and finishings can have an active role to improve indoor air quality. In this research five different mortars, with water/cement = 0.5 by weight and aggregate/cement = 3.5 by volume, are manufactured using different aggregates. Conventional aggregate is compared as reference with unconventional aggregates with large specific surface and high porosity, substituted by volume. The binder is a photocatalytic white cement with TiO2, potentially able to decompose the adsorbed pollutants. Mortars are characterized in terms of fresh and hardened properties. The results show that mortars prepared with unconventional aggregates have lower, even still acceptable, mechanical performances with respect to reference one. However, they show better permeability and moisture buffering capacity. Depollution properties are evaluated with the adsorption capacity of Volatile Organic Compounds. Mortars manufactured with unconventional aggregates show a depollution capacity up to two times higher with respect to that of conventional sand. The addition of UV irradiation positively influences depollution capacity even in presence of conventional aggregate.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/228237

Influence of binders and aggregates on VOCs adsorption and moisture buffering activity of mortars for indoor applications
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The implementation of energy efficiency measures leads to more tightly sealed buildings. These energysaving measures directly worsen indoor air quality leading to increased humidity and concentration of pollutants as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Our work compares the de-pollution efficiency and moisture buffering capacity of five mortars for indoor applications. Methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK) is chosen as pollutant model. The effect of binders (cement, cement + air-entraining admixture, lime) and aggregates (sand, zeolite, perlite) on the mechanical properties, water absorption and morphology of mortars was also evaluated. All mortars adsorb MEK during the first period, but only those manufactured with lime–zeolite do not saturate after 30 min with a de-pollution efficiency of about 85% after 24 h. The Moisture Buffering Capacity (MBC) of lime mortars is three times higher with respect to that measured in cement mortars. The MBC of lime–zeolite mortars is double with respect to that measured in lime–sand mortars.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/210113

Sustainable and Durable No-fines Concrete for Vertical Applications
International Journal Conference on Humanities, Bio-Science, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (HBCEE'2014)
Autore/i: Francesca, Tittarelli; Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Editore: ISAET
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: No-fines concretes with compressive strength in the range 7-30 MPa at 28 days of curing were optimized by changing the water-cement ratio from 0.41 to 0.34 and the aggregate-cement ratio from 8 to 4. Some mixtures were also repeated with the addition of a hydrophobic admixture and prepared by fully replacing the ordinary aggregate with recycled aggregate to evaluate durability effects. High susceptibility to carbonation was observed for all the no-fines mixes studied. The use of recycled aggregate increases capillary water absorption (about 50%); however, the related decrease in durability could be easily counteracted with the use of a hydrophobic admixture.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/149103

Finiture innovative per ambienti indoor con proprietà adsorbenti di inquinanti aereodispersi
Atti del 12° Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Marcellini, Mirco; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: AIMAT
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Le normative sull’efficienza e le prestazioni energetiche degli edifici sono sempre più stringenti. Tali norme comportano la progettazione e realizzazione di costruzioni isolate e sigillate, con conseguenti minor ricambi d’aria. E’ quindi maggiore il rischio di avere ambienti interni insalubri a causa del ristagno di umidità e aumento della concentrazione di inquinanti indoor. Oltre l’utilizzo di sistemi attivi convenzionali, malte e finiture interne possono dare un contributo rilevante all’aumento della qualità dell’aria. In questo studio sei differenti miscele sono state preparate utilizzando calce idraulica e cemento. Per quanto riguarda gli aggregati si è provveduto a sostituire la sabbia con materiali dall’elevata superficie specifica, quali perlite e zeolite. Sono state testate e messe a confronto le proprietà meccaniche e morfologiche, l’assorbimento d’acqua per capillarità, l’efficienza di rimozione di Composti Organici Volatili (COV) e la capacità delle finiture di funzionare come tampone igroscopico. I risultati hanno evidenziato che tutte le malte cementizie hanno, come ben noto, resistenze meccaniche maggiori rispetto a quelle confezionate con calce idraulica. Il legante è influente anche nei riguardi dell’assorbimento d’acqua per capillarità e come regolatore di umidità. Le malte preparate con zeolite risultano essere il migliore tampone igroscopico e hanno un’elevata efficienza di rimozione di COV: dopo trenta minuti di esposizione all’inquinante usato come tracciante non è stata rilevata saturazione.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/194505

Prediction of Persistent Organic Pollutants Biodegradation in Contaminated Marine Sediments Using Passive Sampling Probes
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTS
Autore/i: Prokofyeva, E.; Frapiccini, E.; Marini, M.; Bondarenko, A.; Ruello, M. L.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate a new configuration (new materials) of the commercial passive sampler Chemcatcher as probe for predicting the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants in marine sediments. To predict the availability of pollutants to biota, it is important to understand both solution- and solid-phase processes in the sediment, including the kinetics of pollutants release from its binding agent (ligand and/or particle). The present study examined the kinetic of desorption and biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two different marine sediments sampled in the Adriatic Sea. The sediments were spiked with a standard mix of 16 PAHs in the range of 11-12 mg/Kg (dry sediment). Formaldehyde was added into the sediments to prevent biodegradation. After equilibration, the passive probes were placed in the specimens with prevented biodegradation, recovered and analyzed at prefixed time slots (in the range of 50 days) for the assessment of the accumulated PAHs; in parallel a little amount of sediments was collected and the residual concentration of PAHs was measured. Free PAHs in the sediment pore waters were also determined. The results suggest that the kinetically labile solid-phase pool of PAHs, which is included in the DGT measurement, played an important role in biodegradation processes along with the free PAHs in sediment pore water.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/269932

Proprietà meccaniche e di rilascio di calcestruzzi con scorie da forno elettrico ad arco come aggregati
Materiali leganti, malte calcestruzzi
Autore/i: Monosi, Saveria; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Favoni, Orlando; Forconi, Daniele
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Il presente lavoro affronta lo studio delle prestazioni meccaniche, della durabilità e dell'impatto ambientale di calcestruzzi di differente mix design in cui viene impiegata la scoria da forno elettrico in sostituzione degli aggregati naturali. Le prestazioni meccaniche in termini di resistenza meccanica a compressione risultano incrementate soprattutto per i calcestruzzi di più elevate qualità. I costituenti ben cristallizzati, l’assenza di silice a carattere vetroso, sono garanzie di durabilità per il calcestruzzo nei confronti della reazione alcali-aggregato. La cessione di metalli pesanti verso l’ambiente è del tutto trascurabile e ampiamente al di sotto dei limiti di legge.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/225824

Devopment and application of passive samplyng to analyze diffusion and biodegradation processes in contaminated marine sediments
Sorption and ion exchange processes in nano- and supramolecular chemistry
Autore/i: Prokofyeva, Evgeniya; E., Frapiccini; Ruello, Maria Letizia; A. V., Bondarenko
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/204319

Salinization of soil in South Tunisia
ASWEP-ESSC International Conference
Autore/i: Cocco, Stefania; Cardelli, Valeria; De Feudis, M.; Hannachi, N.; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Marcellini, Mirco; Tittarelli, Francesca; Weindorf, D.; Agnelli, A.; Corti, Giuseppe
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/181102

Effect of soil structure and characteristics on sorption-desorption proceses using DGT-technique
Actual problems of the theory of adsorption, porosity and adsorption selectivity
Autore/i: Prokofyeva, Evgeniya; А. V., Bondarenko; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/205121

In-Situ Assessment of PAHs in Contaminated Marine Sediments
IPCBEE Procedia
Autore/i: Prokofyeva, Evgeniya; E., Frapiccini; M., Marini; A., Bondarenko; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Editore: Elsevier
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate a new configuration of the passive sampler Chemcatcher as probe for predicting the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants in marine sediments. In the new configuration the sampler can work with the principles of measurement of Diffusive Gradient in Thin film (DGT) technique. The present study examines the kinetic of desorption and degradation of three Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), anthracene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene, in two different marine sediments. The free dissolved PAHs in the sediment pore water were also determined. The results suggest that the kinetically labile solid-phase pool of the PAHs, perceived by the DGT measurement, plays an important role in biodegradation processes along with the free dissolved PAHs in the sediment pore water.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/204714

Performance of concretes with surface treatment based on silicate solutions (liquid glass)
Qualifications in Concrete Technology Construction
Autore/i: Monosi, Saveria; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: ABSTRACT: Concrete, one of the most widespread building materials, may be affected by many chemical and physical deterioration processes as a consequence of the penetration of aggressive substances. The improvement of concrete durability is a subject of great interest to researchers and the use of surface treatments, aimed at making hydrophobized mortars and concretes, is becoming a quite common practice. The study presented in this paper examines the effectiveness of some inorganic products based on alkali silicates as hydrophobic agents; it also tries to connect the chemical and physical characteristics of the silicates to the results obtained in concretes with different characteristics and quality, in terms of resistance to capillary absorption and drying for hydrophobic impregnation. It was found that the water repellent effect is dependent on the intrinsic porosity (amount and size of pores) of the cement matrix; in particular it is more evident when the porosity is lower. However, when the test is carried out with water under pressure, the opposite happens. The humidity loss by evaporation is maintained at about the same rate regardless of the type of conglomerate. The results obtained with several silicates do not show significant differences; furthermore one aspect improves when another worsens. The results don’t seem ascribable to the chemical composition of the silicates used, maybe to their fluidity that means different depths of impregnation, reduction of the open porosity and/or formation of surface film.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/223515

Effect of hydrophobic admixture and recycled aggregate on physical-mechanical properties and durability aspects of no-fines concrete
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; M., Carsana; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: No-fines concrete with a compressive strength in the range 7–30 MPa at 28 days of curing were optimized by changing the water/cement ratio from 0.41 to 0.34 and the aggregate/cement ratio from 8 to 4. Some mixtures were also repeated with the addition of a hydrophobic admixture and prepared by fully replacing the ordinary aggregate with recycled aggregate to evaluate durability effects. High susceptibility to carbonation was observed for all the no-fines mixes studied. The use of recycled aggregate increases capillary water absorption (about 50%); however, the related decrease in durability could be easily counteracted with the use of a hydrophobic admixture.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/172302

Sustainable and Durable No-fines Concrete for Vertical Applications
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: No-fines concretes with compressive strength in the range 7-30 MPa at 28 days of curing were optimized by changing the water-cement ratio from 0.41 to 0.34 and the aggregate-cement ratio from 8 to 4. Some mixtures were also repeated with the addition of a hydrophobic admixture and prepared by fully replacing the ordinary aggregate with recycled aggregate to evaluate durability effects. High susceptibility to carbonation was observed for all the no-fines mixes studied. The use of recycled aggregate increases capillary water absorption (about 50%); however, the related decrease in durability could be easily counteracted with the use of a hydrophobic admixture.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/143877

Innovative materials for building envelopes to improve passively indoor comfort and health
4° Forum Italiano per l'Ambient Assisted Living
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/128271

Effect of two different sources and washing treatment on the properties of UFS by-products for mortar and concrete production
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Monosi, Saveria; Tittarelli, Francesca; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The possibility of reusing two types of Used Foundry Sands (UFSs), coming from two different processing stages of the same foundry, in the production of mortars and concretes for structural applications was investigated. The UFSs were physically and chemically characterized and then added to mortars and concretes as fine aggregate replacement at increasing dosages (ranging from 0 % to 30 % by weight). Different water-cement ratios as well as the addition of previously washed UFSs were also considered. The resulting washing waters were used to manufacture cement pastes in order to investigate the effect of soluble UFSs ions on the hydration kinetics of cement. Leaching tests in de-ionized water were realized in order to assess the environmental impact of the final materials. The main results show that UFSs properties are very dependent on their source, even in the same foundry. The reduction in compressive strength is greater when lower w/c ratio are adopted. High content of soluble alkaline ions in UFSs can induce an accelerating effect in cement hydration. However, if previously washed UFSs is employed, the accelerating effect at shorter curing time is eliminated and the reduction in mechanical performance at longer curing time partially recovered. The release in de-ionized water satisfies the enforced standard for all the specimens. At these percentages of use, mortars and concrete for structural applications can still be manufactured and the use in construction is beneficial over disposal.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/87483

Ceneri da biomasse legnose: Priorità meccaniche etest di lisciviazione
LE VIE DELLO SVILUPPO ATTRAVERSO LA GREEN ECONOMY
Autore/i: Fava, Gabriele; Moriconi, Giacomo; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Editore: MAGGIOLI EDITORE
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Oggetto del presente lavoro è lo studio dell’impiego di cenere proveniente dalla combustione di biomassa legnosa in parziale sostituzione di cemento in paste cementizie. L’idea è quella di esaminarne l’effetto sia sulle prestazioni meccaniche sia in termini ambientali attraverso misure dei rilasci ottenuti tramite lisciviazioni con acqua deionizzata. Le ceneri impiegate provenienti da biomasse legnose di solo cippato di legno e scarti vegetali e legnosi, sono state analizzate chimicamente, termogravimetricamente e diffrattometricamente. Su campioni preparati a diverse percentuali di sostituzione e rapporti acqua-cemento sono state condotte prove meccaniche e di lisciviazione in acqua deionizzata. Lo studio mostra risultati concreti riguardo l’uso delle ceneri da biomassa legnosa nel confezionamento di manufatti cementizi suggerendone la possibilità di utilizzo anche senza pretrattamenti chimici o meccanici che risulterebbero dispendiosi da un punto di vista energetico.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/80176

Exploitation of the Diffusive Gradient Technique for Measuring the Mobility of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Soils
BOSICON 2012
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; Antonina, Bondarenko; Evgeniya, Prokofyeva
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The diffusion gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique has been developed and extensively investigated in the last two decades to measure heavy metal labile flux from solid to solution phase. Only recently this technique was applied to persistent organic pollutants and a novel organic diffusive prove (ODP) was described for measuring the mobility of naphthalene in the solid phase of soils. The objective of this study was to calibrate ODP for measuring also Phenol and Benzene. The diffusion coefficients of thees aromatic molecules were investigated at different temperatures, pH and salinity. Then the measure of the mass accumulated by the probe was used to assess the resupply of pollutant from solid phase to pore water in samples of top soils collected in the tar-distilling department of a coke-chemical enterprises. Traditional procedures of pollutant characterization in soil were performed in parallel. The dynamic sampling, implemented by the organic diffusive probe, points out the different response of the soils to pollutant depletion. The ODP measures in fact depends from the complex equilibrium between sorption/desorption and depletion/resupply and not to the total amount of pollutant in solid phase.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/87466

Materiali adsorbenti attivati per la degradazione passiva di inquinanti indoor
ATTI XI CONVEGNO NAZIONALE AIMAT
Autore/i: Antonina, Bondarenko; Sani, Daniela; Fava, Gabriele; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Editore: Tipografia Pontone, Cassino (FR)
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Il lavoro descrive la messa a punto e la verifica delle prestazioni di un materiale che, combinando il processo di adsorbimento con quello di degradazione catalitica, sia in grado di abbattere la concentrazione di inquinanti organici aereodispersi in ambienti interni. Il lavoro è articolato nelle fasi di studio dei supporti adsorbenti e dei catalizzatori, accoppiamento adsorbente-catalizzatore, caratterizzazione dei materiali attivi ottenuti. Il materiale con le migliori potenzialità è stato quindi testato in box di prova studiando le cinetiche rimozione del Metil Etil Chetone (MEK) in diverse condizioni di illuminazione tipiche di ambienti interni.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/87468

Performance of a plasma induced oxidation on the removal of indoor volatile organic compounds
ATTI XI CONVEGNO NAZIONALE AIMAT
Autore/i: Fava, Gabriele; Riderelli, Luca; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Editore: Tipografia Pontone, Cassino (FR)
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: There is much interest in developing new technologies in order to improve indoor air quality. In this study non-thermal plasma (DC negative corona discharge) was explored as an innovative process for indoor air purification. Lab-scale test for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) removal in an enclosed chamber, including a first-stage electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and UVA lamp, were executed for simultaneous removal of gaseous and particulate contaminants. Measurements of the temporal variation of the VOC concentration were employed for evaluating the rate removal. The ozone generation rate was noticeably decreased when the UVA lamp was operating. It is believed that additional studies are needed in the area of ozone enhanced oxidation with the aim to identify reaction products, allowing a better understanding of the degradation pathway of VOC in a non-thermal plasma.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/87469

Reuse of Paper Mill Ash in Plaster Blends
THE OPEN WASTE MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
Autore/i: Monosi, Saveria; Sani, Daniela; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Abstract: This work is part of a broad research conducted to study the re-use of industrial wastes in an economical and environmentally sustainable manner. Re-use of lightweight ash from the paper mill industry in the manufacture of plaster blends is examined in this study. Lightweight ash is produced during the combustion process of de-inking sludge. Studies demonstrate that lightweight ash is an excellent ingredient in the production of cement mortars and/or pozzolanic mortars to be used as plaster. In this research, ash valorization was researched by investigating the efficacy of the ash as it is, as a substitute for very fine sand. If properly mixed at an optimal mix proportion, the mechanical strength ranges from 4÷10MPa with specific gravity between 1150 and 1350 Kg/m3. Water absorption may be reduced to a very low level with silane-based surface treatment.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/79212

INFLUENCE OF INORGANIC PIGMENTS’ ADDITION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COLOURED SCC
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Corinaldesi, Valeria; Monosi, Saveria; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/64865

THE STUDY OF "CATACLEAN-T" MATERIAL CATALYTIC ACTIVITY USING LANGMUIR-HINSHELWOOD MODELING
EKOLOGIA CENTRALʹNO-CERNOZEMNOJ OBLASTI ROSSIJSKOJ FEDERACII
Autore/i: Bondarenko, A. V.; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Svintsova, E. G.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/64417

CATACLEAN the composite material for the passive degradation of indoor organic pollutants
XI International Conference Modern problems of adsorption
Autore/i: Bondarenko, A.; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Sani, Daniela; Quaranta, A.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/82815

Microscopic analysis of composite catalytic active material «CATACLEAN–T»
EKOLOGIA CENTRALʹNO-CERNOZEMNOJ OBLASTI ROSSIJSKOJ FEDERACII
Autore/i: Bondarenko, A.; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Prokofieva, E. N.; Bondarenko, V. V.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/64418

The Use of Inorganic Pigments for Producing Coloured SCC
Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on The New Boundaries of Structural Concrete
Autore/i: Corinaldesi, Valeria; Monosi, Saveria; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Editore: Imready
Luogo di pubblicazione: Gallazzano (Repubblica di San Marino)
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/64868

Utilization of Used Foundry Sand in Cementitious Material for Structural Application
The new boundaries of structural concrete
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Monosi, Saveria
Editore: IMREADY
Luogo di pubblicazione: Galazzano
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: American Concrete Institute - ACI Italy Chapter dedicated to Pier Luigi Nervi
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/62330

Photocatalytic action of water-based TiO2 paint inside a highway tunnel
Autore/i: Fava, Gabriele; Moriconi, Giacomo; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Riderelli, Luca
Classificazione: 5 Altro
Abstract: European Symposium on Photocatalysis. CITE' MONDIALE BORDEAUX - FRANCE
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/62798

Paper Mill Sludge Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Fava, Gabriele; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Corinaldesi, Valeria
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/57634

Design and Calibration of an Organic Diffusive Probe to Extend the Diffusion Gradient Technique to Organic Pollutants
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Autore/i: Bondarenko, A.; Sani, Daniela; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This article belongs to the Special Issue "Environmental Health Risk Assessment" http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/8/8/3318/ Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a method for measuring the mobility of persistent organic pollutants in the solid phase of soils within the context of environmental pollution risk assessment. A new diffusive probe, purposely designed by adapting the diffusive gradient technique method, measures labile organic species by immobilizing them after diffusion through a thin deionized water layer. The measure of the mass accumulated is used to calculate the flow of pollutant from solid phase to pore water. Naphthalene was chosen as a model persistent organic pollutant. The probe was calibrated at different temperatures and was then tested in several microcosms at different porosity and reactivities with naphthalene (one clay soil, two sandy soils and one natural soil). The probe response showed good agreement with the expected different abilities of the solid phases in restoring the solution phase. The concentration of naphthalene in the pore water was well buffered by rapid equilibria with the solid phase in the investigated natural soil. In contrast, pore water concentration in the sandy soils decreased rapidly and the flow was slackened, especially for the sandy soil with finer particles. In clay, only a fraction of the total naphthalene content was present in the labile fraction, while the remaining was tightly bound and was not released to the pore water. Therefore, this first stage of testing points out that the diffusive gradient technique, if optimized, can properly quantify the mobility of organic pollutants in soil. Keywords: pollutant mobility; DGT; persistent organic pollutant; passive sampling; risk assessment in soil
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/60700

Persistence of heavy metals in river sediments
CHEMISTRY IN ECOLOGY
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; Sani, Daniela; Sileno, Miriam; Fava, Gabriele
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The objectives of this work is the assessment of the heavy metals accumulation and equilibrium phenomena in river sediment, in relation to the state of water quality and the assessment of metals lability, analyzing whether and how easily heavy metals are available to generic biota. The Diffuse Gradient in Thin film technique was used to assess the Effective Concentration (CE). The coefficient of solid-liquid distribution of the metals labile pool (Kdl) was calculated to include it in risk analysis inside a more realistic frame. The Esino River was chosen as case study. The results confirmed the necessity to determine experimentally Kd: its values, avalaible in literature, resulted incorrect up with some orders of magnitude. Metals speciation, environmental conditions, type and texture of the sediment, water features, organic fraction, pH and salinity can influence the outcome. The results showed that the two main parameters from which Kd depends are Chemical Oxigen Demand and Specific Surface Area. The concentration CE, which takes into account both the contribution of the water and the labile fraction in the sediment, is the real key parameter. Its order of magnitude is clear: from 8 to 100 times the concentration in the pore water.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/54540

Malte Confezionate con Ceneri di Cartiera come Materiale ausiliario del Cemento Portland. Proprietà Meccaniche e Rilasci per Lisciviazione.
ATTI X CONVEGNO NAZIONALE AIMAT
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; S., Monosi; Fava, Gabriele
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/44494

Siti Contaminati. Sviluppi della Procedura di Valutazione del Rischio Ambientale Tramite Prove di Lisciviazione in Laboratorio.
ATTI X CONVEGNO NAZIONALE AIMAT
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; M., Sileno; D., Sani; Fava, Gabriele
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/44495

Riutilizzo delle sabbie di fonderia nelle malte cementizie
ENCO JOURNAL
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Monosi, S; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Moriconi, G.
Editore: Enco Srl - Via Lazzaris 7 - 31207 Spresiano (TV) Tel. 0422/881350 - Fax 0422/881332 info@encosrl.it
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/35940

Paper Mill Sludge Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Materia
Second International Conference on SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Autore/i: Corinaldesi, Valeria; Fava, Gabriele; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Editore: J.Zakar, P.Claisse, T.R. Naik
Luogo di pubblicazione: MILWAKEE
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/44543

Sperimentazione di Materiali Fotocatalitici per Applicazioni in Ambito Stradale
ATTI X CONVEGNO NAZIONALE AIMAT
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; Fava, Gabriele
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/44493

Assessment of airborne soy-hull allergen (Gly m 1) in the Port of Ancona, Italy
EUROPEAN ANNALS OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Autore/i: Antonicelli, L; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Monsalve, Ri; González, R; Fava, Gabriele; Bonifazi, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Summary Background: Epidemic asthma outbreaks are potentially a very high-risk medical situation in seaport towns where large volumes of soybean are loaded and unloaded. Airborne allergen assessment plays a pivotal role in evaluating the resulting environmental pollution. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the airborne Gly m 1 allergen level in the seaport of Ancona in order assess the soybean-specific allergenic risk for the city. Methods: Allergen and PM10 were evaluated at progressive distances from the port area. Allergen analysis was performed by monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay on the sampled filters. Daily meteorological data were obtained from the local meteorological station. For estimating the assimilative capacity of the atmosphere, an approach based on dispersive ventilation coefficient was tried. Results: The allergen concentrations detected were low (range=0,4–171 ng/m3). A decreasing gradient of the airborne allergen from the unloading area (22,1±41,2 ng/m3) to the control area (0,6±0,7 ng/m3) was detected. The concentration of the airborne Gly m 1 was not coupled with the presence of the soy-carrying ships in the port. A statistically significant relationship between airborne allergen, PM10 and local meteorological parameters quantifies the association with the atmospheric condition. Conclusion: Airborne Gly m 1 is part of the atmospheric dust of Ancona. The low level of this allergen seems consistent with the absence of asthma epidemic outbreak.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/58167

Paper mill sludge ash as supplementary cementitious material
Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies
Autore/i: Corinaldesi, Valeria; Fava, G; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/40584

Persistence of heavy metal in river sediment
Proceedings of The International Conference BOSICON 2009
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; Sani, Daniela; Sileno, M.; Fava, Gabriele
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The first objective of this work is the assessment of the heavy metals accumulation and equilibrium phenomena in river sediment, in relation to the state of water quality. The variables necessary to estimate correctly the solid/liquid partition coefficient (Kd) are also defined, because it is a key parameter for evaluating the risk associated with contaminated sediments. The second objective is to assess metals lability, analyzing whether and how easily heavy metals are available to generic biota. The Diffuse Gradient in Thin film technique was used to asses the Effective Concentration (CE). The coefficient of solid­liquid distribution of the metals labile pool (Kdl) and the characteristic time for the system to approach equilibrium (Tc) were calculated to include them in risk analysis inside a more realistic frame. The Esino River was chosen as case study. The results confirmed the necessity to determine experimentally Kd: its values available in literature, widely used in risk analysis, resulted incorrect up with some orders of magnitude. The results confirm that both Kdl and Kd depend on Chemical Oxygen Demand and Specific Superface Area, although following different lows. Metals speciation, environmental conditions, type and texture of the sediment, water features, organic fraction, pH and salinity can influence the outcome. Dynamic speciation shows that although water quality was good, the risk associated with the metal mobility might be still high. Consequently, the concentration CE, which takes into account both the contribution of the water and the labile fraction in the sediment, exceeds from 8 to 100 times the concentration in the pore water and relatively hight values are more common in areas typically considered "clean".
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/46786

Organic pollutants: use of diffusive and adsorptive processes for ecological risk assessment
International Conference on DGT and the Environment
Autore/i: Bondarenko, A.; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Sani, Daniela; Fava, Gabriele
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Contaminated sites recovery is time consuming and involves increasingly high costs, despite in presence of limited economic resources availability. The existing legislation or guidelines currently stand on the total soil content of pollutants. Feature of soil pollution is that components of ground (organic mass, clay minerals) are capable to adsorb organic compounds and a part from them are kept irreversibly. At an identical total level of pollution the soil of various structures represent a various level of ecological risk. Therefore it should be possible to assess ecologically the risk of soil, evaluating the mobile fraction of pollutants by means of diffusive gradient technique in thin film (DGT) [1]. Principles of an estimation of ecological risk with DTG-device have been confirmed for the heavy metals determination [2]. In the given research there was a task to carry out tests of the above mentioned unit in conditions of soil pollution by organic compounds. In the case of hydrocarbon absorption it is necessary to replace the resin with an opportune adsorbent and to realize a diffusion layer transparent for organic pollutants. The device, realized by authors, consists of an assembly containing a layer of water-saturated adsorbent and a chamber of deionized water, confined between glass fiber filters, as diffusion layer. Such design allows diffusion of hydrocarbons from soil through soil solution to adsorbent. Thus there is a displacement of equilibrium and begins desorption from solid phase to soil solution. In the case of correct selection of the adsorbent it is possible to estimate the quantity of pollutant, capable to resupply in soil solution. Values of the parameters, describing transport of hydrocarbons in a solution from soil solid phase, were received experimentally. The trend in time variation of these parameter show a law similar to that obtained in soil pollution by heavy metals ions. Hence, the principle of DGT technique can be also extended for an estimation of the ecological risk on soil pollution by organic compounds. (1)Ruello, ML, Sileno, M, Sani, D, Fava, G. (2008) DGT use in contaminated site characterization. The importance of heavy metal site specific behaviour. Chemosphere, 70, 1135-1140 (2)Lehto, NJ, Sochaczewski, Ł, Davison, W, Tych, W, Zhang, H. (2008) Quantitative assessment of soil parameter (KD and TC) estimation using DGT measurements and the 2D DIFS model. Chemosphere, 71, 795-801
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/46787

Enhancing landfill gas production through the management of waste water sludge disposal
VII International Congress Valorisation and Recycling of Industrial Waste
Autore/i: Fava, Gabriele; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Sani, Daniela
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: This paper presents findings from short-term monitoring at full-scale municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill performed after disposal of raw biological sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Data from a landfill site located in mid-Adriatic region of Italy were evaluated as part of this study. One older landfill cell, Area B (taken as a control cell) was compared with Area C (closed cell used for the sludge disposal), for assessing the enhancing potential for gas production. Overall the results obtained pointed to positive effects (i.e., more rapid gas generation and wasted sludge degradation) realized either increasing moisture availability in the cell with respect to the measured behaviour of the traditionally operated (i.e., drier) landfill cell either providing readily biodegradable organic matter. Significant behavioural differences between the test cells were evident, including the total landfill gas production and the extent of waste degradation observed.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/46781

Recent Investigation of Used Foundry Sand in Mortar Mixture
Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; S., Monosi; Ruello, Maria Letizia; G., Moriconi
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/46788