259 pubblicazioni classificate nel seguente modo:

THE EFFECT OF FLY ASH ON THE CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF GALVANISED STEEL REBARS IN CONCRETE
International Conference on Advanced Material Technologies (ICAMT)-2016. Issue - I. Elsevier Materials Today: Proceedings
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Mobili, Alessandra; Bellezze, Tiziano
Editore: materialstoday:proceedings; Diet; PGC;CSTPLI
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The effect of fly ash on the corrosion behaviour of galvanised steel rebars in cracked concrete specimens exposed to wet-dry cycles in a chloride solution has been investigated. The obtained results show that the use of fly ash, replacing either cement or aggregate, always improves the corrosion behaviour of galvanised steel reinforcements. In particular, the addition of fly ash, even in the presence of concrete cracks, decreases the corrosion rate monitored in very porous concretes, as those with w/c = 0.80, to values comparable with those obtained in good quality concretes, as those with w/c = 0.45. Therefore, fly ash cancels the negative effect, at least from the corrosion point of view, of a great porosity of the cement matrix.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/249675

COMMERCIAL AND WASTE CARBON BASED NANO/MICRO FILLERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL MORTARS
Cost Action 15107, Multi-Functional Nano-Carbon Composite Materials - MULTICOMP, Scientific Kick-Off meeting
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Roventi, Gabriella; Corinaldesi, Valeria; Mazzoli, Alida; Bellezze, Tiziano; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246367

Metakaolin and fly ash alkali-activated mortars compared with cementitious mortars at the same strength class
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Belli, Alberto; Giosue', Chiara; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Alkali activated and cementitious mortars belonging to R1 ≥ 10 MPa, R2 ≥ 15 MPa and R3 ≥ 25 MPa strength classes are tested and compared in terms of workability, dynamic modulus of elasticity, porosimetry and water vapour permeability. Capillary water absorption, drying shrinkage, resistance to sulphate attack and corrosion behaviour of embedded bare and galvanized reinforcements have also been investigated. In alkali activated mortars, drying shrinkage is higher than that of cementitious mortars but restrained shrinkage is lower due to lower modulus of elasticity. Water vapour permeability is more pronounced in alkali activated mortars, and capillary water absorption is lower in those prepared with fly ash. The high alkalinity of alkali activated mortars was seen to delay the onset of the passive state in particular for galvanized reinforcements, but after one month of curing they were found to reach the same corrosion rates of those embedded in cementitious mortars.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/238869

What if we use biomass ashes to activate one-part geopolymers ?
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Balo Madi, A.; Peys, A.; Tittarelli, Francesca; Fagel, N.; Chinje Melo, U.; Njopwouo, D.; Rahier, H.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Geopolymers are cement-like materials obtained by the chemical reaction between a powdered aluminosilicate precursor and an alkaline solution. Recently, researchers are studying alternative ways for geopolymer preparation in order to avoid the use of alkaline activators which are highly corrosive and difficult to handle in construction site works. These user-friendly materials are known as one-part geopolymers and appear as a cementitious powder that can polymerize only by water addition. This work deals with the use of potassium-rich biomass ashes for the activation of two types of one-part geopolymers.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246186

Evaluation by CDF test of surface or bulk hydrophobic treatments to increase the freeze thaw resistance of concretes
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Perrone, Christian; Vadalà, Miriana; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Deterioration of concrete from freeze-thaw actions may occur when concrete is critically saturated, which is when approximately 91% of its pores are filled with water. Distress to critically saturated concrete from freezing and thawing will commence with the first freeze-thaw cycle and will continue throughout successive winter seasons resulting in repeated loss of concrete surface. To protect from freeze/thaw damage, concrete should be air-entrained by adding a surface active agent to the concrete mixture. This creates a large number of closely spaced, small air bubbles in the hardened concrete. About 4% air by volume is needed with a consequent reduction in compressive strength of about 20%. In this work, the ability of a surface or bulk hydrophobic treatment to improve the concrete resistance to degradation due to freezing and thawing cycles was investigated and compared with a traditional air-entraining admixture. The CDF Test “Capillary suction, De-icing solution and Freeze thaw test” was used to check the resistance to freeze-thaw cycles with or without de-icing salts.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246359

Cement mortars and geopolymers with the same strength class
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Bitetti, Michele; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Recycling of industrial waste materials to manufacture environmentally friendly mortars and concretes is gaining more and more interest, in particular for sustainability, rehabilitation and renovation purposes. In the present study geopolymers, which had been made using fly ash as a precursor and were subsequently subjected to curing at room temperature, were investigated. Geopolymeric and cementitious mortars with the same mechanical strength class were compared in both the fresh and hardened states. Despite the higher free shrinkage and lower adhesive strength on brick substrate, geopolymeric mortars behaved better than cement types in terms of lower dynamic modulus of elasticity, higher water vapour permeability, lower capillary water absorption and higher resistance to salt crystallisation.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/227440

Non-destructive testing for the in situ assessment of the ionic flux in cementitious materials
International Conference on Advanced Material Technologies (ICAMT)-2016
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/249813

One part geopolymers activated with potassium-rich biomass ashes
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca; Rahier, H.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Geopolymers are obtained by the chemical reaction between an aluminosilicate powder and an alkaline solution. Even if geopolymers do not contain Portland cement, they are similar to cementitious materials. Recently, many authors have tried to prepare geopolymers without alkaline activators, since they are user-hostile. These new materials are called one-part geopolymers and appear as a cementitious powder that can polymerize with water. The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of using a potassium-rich biomass ash for the activation of one-part geopolymers.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246358

An experimental study on earth plasters for earthen building protection: the effect of different admixtures and surface treatments
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Autore/i: Stazi, Francesca; Nacci, Andrea; Tittarelli, Francesca; Pasqualini, Erio; Munafo', Placido
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In rainy climates, the external surfaces of earthen buildings suffer water erosion. In this paper, the properties of earth plasters have been investigated considering the specific relationship with the underlying substrate. Ten typologies of earth plasters containing different admixtures and surface treatments, a cob wall and a rammed earth wall were produced in laboratory. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of the coatings in protecting the earthen walls against weathering. An in situ procedure consisting of a shrinkage test followed by an adhesion strength test was performed in order to identify the earth/sand ratio optimal for the plaster manufacturing. Then, a series of tests was carried out both on the plasters and the two walls: compression, water vapor permeability, surface color, wettability, water absorption and erosion. The results demonstrate that all the plasters are physically and mechanically compatible with the earthen substrates and that the most important differences are in the specific relationship with water. The earth plaster treated with the silane–siloxane product was found to be the best one: it is fully compatible, water-repellent and highly resistant to water erosion. Hence, there is a potential for the use of earth plasters for the protection of earthen buildings against weathering.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/228650

Effect of using recycled instead of virgin EPS in lightweight mortars
PROCEDIA ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Monosi, Saveria
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Performances of structural, moderate and heat insulating lightweight mortars manufactured by replacing sand volume with virgin or recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) are compared. At the same dosage, replacing virgin EPS with recycled one improves the mechanical performance of mortars without significant variation in capillary water absorption and water vapour permeability. Recycled EPS mortars have lower thermal insulation properties than those manufactured with virgin one, but this can be counteracted by increasing the percentage of EPS. To obtain mortars with a certain thermal insulating capacity, an economical save over than 25% can be reached by using recycled EPS.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/238860

Durability of different glass coatings in humid and saline environments, ageing impact on heat-light transmission and thermal comfort
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Stazi, Francesca; Giampaoli, Margherita; Tittarelli, Francesca; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Munafo', Placido
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The present study investigates the durability of different types of glass coatings (four solar control, two low-emissivity and one self-cleaning) with various metal compositions. In the experimental phase, physical, chemical, optical and energy properties were evaluated, before and after two ageing treatments: hot-wet and salt-spray. In the numerical phase, the energy performance of a double glazing with the selected coatings were compared by adopting an office room as case study. Heating, cooling, artificial lighting consumptions, solar gains, daylighting factors and summer comfort levels were analysed. Further, the environmental impact in the use phase was assessed. The salt-spray environment resulted to have the highest incidence on the film performance. In the physical and chemical tests, the worst resistance was shown by the coatings with the highest silver percentages, with consequent significant decay of the light transmittance. The films with niobium and titanium showed the best durability. On the other hand, the silver-based coatings demonstrated the best solar selectivity and the highest performance in term of energy consumptions, comfort levels and CO2 emissions, both before and after ageing
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/235938

COMMERCIAL AND WASTE CARBON BASED NANO/MICRO FILLERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL MORTARS
National Young Researchers' Forum on Materials Science and Technology
Autore/i: Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Toscano, Giuseppe; Mazzoli, Alida; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246366

Photocatalytic Cement-based Mortars with Unconventional Aggregates for the Improvement of Indoor Air Quality
9th European Meeting on Solar Chemistry and Photocatalysis: Environmental Applications (SPEA-9)
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Using of passive systems to improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) could be very useful in terms of energy savings and comfort of occupants. This study focused on an innovative and multifunctional mortar able to improve IAQ. The action of Photocatalytic binder coupled with adsorbent materials used as aggregates was investigated. Results show better water vapour permeability and moisture buffering capacity, and lower mechanical properties of unconventional-aggregate based mortars with respect to the traditional ones. With respect to VOC, depollution capacity of the former was up to 65% higher than the mortar prepared with sand. The addition of UV irradiation positively influences depollution capacity even in presence of conventional aggregate.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/238679

Effect of Biomass Waste Materials as Unconventional Aggregates in Multifunctional Mortars for Indoor Application
PROCEDIA ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Toscano, Giuseppe; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In order to decrease energy consumption in buildings, a new way to recycle materials coming from biomasses waste in mortars was studied. For this purpose, mortars with water/cement equal to 0.5 by weight and aggregate/cement equal to 3.5 by volume were considered. Cement was replaced by hydraulic lime and sand was substituted with two different types of spruce sawdust shavings (as it is and roasted), biomass bottom ash and biomass fly ash. The results show that mortar prepared with cement has obviously a better mechanical strength and 60% lower capillary water absorption. All unconventional aggregates increase the total porosity of lime mortars. Moreover, biomass fly ash and both spruce sawdust shavings based mortars can be classified as lightweight mortar. Regardless of porosity and lightness, biomass bottom ash improves up to 150% the mechanical performance of lime-based mortars. Concerning durability, bio-based lime mortars show in general nearly twice higher capillary water absorption with respect to the sand lime mortars whit the exception of spruce sawdust shavings and biomass bottom ash. Mortars can be classified as permeable to water vapour. As it is and roasted spruce sawdust shavings are able to increase three and two times the capacity of the mortar to be a hygroscopic buffer in terms of MBV values.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246019

Waste materials in the production of traditional building ceramics: effect of GRP dust waste addition on properties of fired bricks
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The total amount of end-of-life and production waste generated by glass thermo-set composites market in Europe reaches 304,000 tonnes (2015) triggering interest in optimizing Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) waste recovery. Now, landfill as non hazardous waste remains the most popular solution to manage GRP waste for the difficulty of separating the different parts, its intrinsic thermo-set composite nature and the insufficient knowledge on recycling options. Recently, GRP dust (GRPd) waste in cementitious matrix has been investigated to improve performances. Effects of GRPd waste addition in the production of bricks can also be considered. The polymeric part in GRPd will burn during cooking: additional porosity can be left in the matrix improving final lightness; the glass fibers in GRPd waste can reinforce the ceramic matrix decreasing fragility and increasing the bricks bending strength.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246184

Improving Indoor Air quality with passive systems: a new perspective for sustainable indoor building materials
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Mancini, Roberto; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In order to reduce energy consumption in buildings, more isolated and sealed structures are designed. The resulting poor air changing decreases indoor air quality in terms of not adequate levels of indoor humidity and high concentration of pollutants. Reactive building materials offer an opportunity to provide indoor air cleaning with minimal energy use. This research focuses on the development of innovative and multifunctional mortar for indoor panels with low environmental impact able to improve comfort and health of occupants. This material exploits the positive interaction between different constituents usually used separately (e.i. wool insulating panels or lime-zeolite mortars).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246188

Il controllo della durabilità nelle strutture in calcestruzzo armato
UPGRADING Collages 1.0 idee e progetti per la riqualificazione architettonica, energetica e ambientale del collegio del Tridente, Urbino
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: Aras Edizioni srl
Luogo di pubblicazione: Fano (PU)
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Il collegio del Tridente presente ad oggi diverse criticità legate alla durabilità dei materiali da costruzione con cui è realizzato; tra tutti il calcestruzzo armato, usato da De Carlo “a vista”, centrale elemento espressivo della sua poetica architettonica. Molti dei paramenti murari così realizzati, oltreché alcuni elementi strutturali, mostrano oggi problemi di scoppio dei copri-ferri, con fenomeni di distacco del calcestruzzo sempre più accentuati. Se dunque parliamo di interventi non solo manutentivi, ma anche eco-efficienti su questo edificio, è importante sottolineare come proprio gli interventi atti ad aumentare la durabilità delle strutture, sono tra quelli più efficaci per ridurne l’impatto ambientale. Il presente contributo vuole dunque dare una panoramiche generale delle principali cause di degrado delle strutture in calcestruzzo armato e di come aumentarne la durabilità, con un focus sul sistema di monitoraggio CO.S.MO.NET. sviluppato dall’Università Politecnica delle Marche.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/228045

Metakaolin and fly ash based geopolymers compared with cementitious mortars of the same strength class: performances and corrosion behaviour of black and galvanized steel bars
Geopolymers: the route to eliminate waste and emissions in ceramic and cement manufacturing
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Belli, Alberto; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: ECI Engineering Conference International
Luogo di pubblicazione: New York
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/227812

Effect of beta and gamma ray sterilization on the properties of polymeric materials for biomedical applications
X Convegno INSTM 2015 Book of Abstracts
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Conti, Carla; Favoni, Orlando; Mazzoli, Alida; Bellezze, Tiziano
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of sterilization by beta and gamma radiation on the properties of four different polymeric specimens for biomedical use (Figure 1): a PVC pipe for connection in dialysis and heart surgery devices; a PVC band for enteral and parenteral nutrition bags, a TRIFLEX pipe (internal PE, middle PE/PVC, external PVC) for connection, a PC rigid pipe for the connection of tubes and bags for infusions. The effect of sterilization was studied by means of tensile mechanical characterization, thermo-gravimetric and morphological analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. UV-VIS spectroscopy was used to evaluate the yellowing index, determined by radiation exposure. For each specimen, a no-sterilized one was tested for comparison.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/227441

Metakaolin and fly ash based geopolymers compared with cementitious mortars of the same strength class: performances and corrosion behaviour of black and galvanized steel bars
Geopolymers: The route to eliminate waste and emissions in ceramic and cement manufacturing
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Belli, Alberto; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: Società Ceramica Italiana
Luogo di pubblicazione: Bologna
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Mechanical, morphological and durability aspects of three types of geopolymer mortars were compared with those of traditional cementitious mortars of comparable compressive strength. To this aim, mortars belonging to three mechanical strength classes (R1 ≥ 10 MPa, R2 ≥ 15 MPa and R3 ≥ 25 MPa according to EN 1504-3:2005) were tested and compared. Geopolymers were obtained with fly ash and metakaolin as precursors and a mixture of sodium silicate and NaOH or KOH as liquid activators. In order to obtain R1, R2 and R3 mortars cementitious mixtures were prepared by partial substitution of Portland cement with hydraulic lime, while geopolymers were prepared by varying the concentration of NaOH or KOH with a waterglass/hydroxide ratio always equal to 1. The obtained samples were characterized both in the fresh and in the hardened state. The first was evaluated by workability and density of the fresh mortar, the latter by compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, adhesive strength on ceramic surface, free and restrained shrinkage and by microstructural analysis such as SEM and mercury porosimetry. Durability aspects were also investigated through water vapor permeability, capillary water absorption, resistance to salt crystallization and corrosion of possible embedded rebars. Corrosion tests were carried out by measuring corrosion potential and corrosion rates of black and galvanized steel bars during both the curing period and wet-dry cycles in a chloride solution. At the same mechanical strength class, geopolymers shrink more than cementitious mortars if free while their low modulus of elasticity causes a lower shrinkage if mortars are restrained with bars. Pore dimensions affect the water vapor permeability, which resulted to be more pronounced in geopolymers than in cement mortars, and capillary water absorption with low values especially for fly ash geopolymers. During the first month of curing, the higher alkalinity of geopolymers matrix prolongs the active state of both black and galvanized steel bars. However, when exposed to a chloride solution, fly ash based geopolymers offer a higher protection to reinforcements than cementitious mortars.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/228044

Improvement of indoor air quality using photocatalytic cement-based mortars
Advanced Building Skins
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: EF ECONOMIC FORUM
Luogo di pubblicazione: Munich
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Recent European laws and directives are stricter in terms of energy efficiency of buildings. Constructions are currently built up more sealed and there is not enough air changing. This condition leads to a greater risk of unhealthy indoor environments. Mortars, plasters and finishings can have an active role to improve indoor air quality. In this research five different mortars, with water/cement = 0.5 by weight and aggregate/cement = 3.5 by volume, are manufactured using different aggregates. Conventional aggregate is compared as reference with unconventional aggregates with large specific surface and high porosity, substituted by volume. The binder is a photocatalytic white cement with TiO2, potentially able to decompose the adsorbed pollutants. Mortars are characterized in terms of fresh and hardened properties. The results show that mortars prepared with unconventional aggregates have lower, even still acceptable, mechanical performances with respect to reference one. However, they show better permeability and moisture buffering capacity. Depollution properties are evaluated with the adsorption capacity of Volatile Organic Compounds. Mortars manufactured with unconventional aggregates show a depollution capacity up to two times higher with respect to that of conventional sand. The addition of UV irradiation positively influences depollution capacity even in presence of conventional aggregate.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/228237

Geopolymeric and cementitious mortars with the same mechanical strength class: performances and corrosion behaviour of black and galvanized steel bars
Durability and Sustainability of Concrete Structures ACI SP-305
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Belli, Alberto; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: American Concrete Institute
Luogo di pubblicazione: Farmington Hill, Michigan 48331
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: In the prospect of reducing CO2 emissions and landfilling of waste materials, the preparation of sustainable mortars by alkali activation was studied. According to EN 1504-3:2005, geopolymeric and cementitious mortars belonging to different strength classes (R1 ≥ 10 MPa, R2 ≥ 15 MPa and R3 ≥ 25 MPa) were tested and compared. Geopolymers were obtained with fly ash or metakaolin and a blend of sodium silicate and NaOH (or KOH). Mortars were tested in terms of workability, dynamic modulus of elasticity, drying and restrained shrinkage and porosimetry. Durability was also investigated in terms of water vapour permeability, capillary water absorption and corrosion of possible embedded rebars during the curing period and wet-dry cycles in 3.5% NaCl solution. Results showed that geopolymers are subjected to higher drying shrinkage but lower restrained shrinkage than cementitious mortars. Water vapour permeability was higher in geopolymers and capillary water absorption was lower especially in fly ash geopolymers than those of cementitious mortars. During the first month, the high alkalinity of geopolymers extends the active state of both black and galvanized steel bars. However, when exposed to chlorides, fly ash geopolymers offer a higher protection to reinforcements than cementitious mortars.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/228051

Influence of binders and aggregates on VOCs adsorption and moisture buffering activity of mortars for indoor applications
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The implementation of energy efficiency measures leads to more tightly sealed buildings. These energysaving measures directly worsen indoor air quality leading to increased humidity and concentration of pollutants as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Our work compares the de-pollution efficiency and moisture buffering capacity of five mortars for indoor applications. Methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK) is chosen as pollutant model. The effect of binders (cement, cement + air-entraining admixture, lime) and aggregates (sand, zeolite, perlite) on the mechanical properties, water absorption and morphology of mortars was also evaluated. All mortars adsorb MEK during the first period, but only those manufactured with lime–zeolite do not saturate after 30 min with a de-pollution efficiency of about 85% after 24 h. The Moisture Buffering Capacity (MBC) of lime mortars is three times higher with respect to that measured in cement mortars. The MBC of lime–zeolite mortars is double with respect to that measured in lime–sand mortars.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/210113

Malte geopolimeriche e cementizie a pari classe di resistenza confrontate anche in presenza di armature
Atti del 12° Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Mancini, Roberto; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Il crescente interesse nella ricerca di materiali più sostenibili ha portato allo studio di malte geopolimeriche come sostitute delle tradizionali malte a base di cemento Portland. La ricerca si è sviluppata confrontando il comportamento di malte cementizie e geopolimeriche a parità di classe di resistenza meccanica (R1 ≥ 10MPa, R2 ≥ 15MPa and R3 ≥ 25MPa). In particolare sono state confezionate tre malte geopolimeriche a base di cenere volante, con rapporto sabbia/cenere di 2.7:1 in peso, e una soluzione di silicato di sodio/idrossido di potassio 1:1 (in peso) a differente concentrazione. Le rispettive malte cementizie sono state confezionate con cemento Portland e calce idraulica come leganti e rapporto sabbia/legante di 3:1 in peso. Le sei miscele sono state confrontate valutando il comportamento a corrosione di possibili armature in acciaio nero e in acciaio zincato durante il primo mese dopo il getto. I risultati hanno evidenziato che l’alta alcalinità delle miscele geopolimeriche incrementa la corrosione di barre in acciaio zincato soltanto durante i primi giorni di stagionatura, mentre le armature in acciaio nero hanno avuto un comportamento simile a quelle immerse nelle matrici cementizie.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/194504

Comparison of lightweight mortars manufactured with virgin or recycled polystyrene
Young Researchers' Forum II: Construction Materials
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: The Institute of Concrete Technology
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: In recent years, energy saving in buildings prescribes limits on thermal transmittance of opaque structures that can be achieved with the use of materials with low thermal conductivities. Mortars and concretes lightened with polystyrene pearls belong to this class. In this work, the performance of lightweight mortars manufactured with virgin polystyrene is compared with that of mortars manufactured with recycled granules of polystyrene at the same volume dosage. Six mortar mixtures with water/cement = 0.55 by replacing the 33% - 66% - 100% of sand volume with virgin or recycled polystyrene are manufactured. The obtained results show that, at the same volume dosage, the replacing of virgin polystyrene with recycled one improves the mechanical performance of mortars without significant variation in the capillary water absorption and water vapour permeability. The use of recycled polystyrene increases the equivalent thermal conductivity of mortars that can be compensated with a higher dosage of polystyrene. The use of recycled polystyrene allows a significant economical savings during the production phase of mortars and a certain insulation degree.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/152119

Effect of hydrophobic admixture and recycled aggregate on physical-mechanical properties and durability aspects of no-fines concrete
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; M., Carsana; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: No-fines concrete with a compressive strength in the range 7–30 MPa at 28 days of curing were optimized by changing the water/cement ratio from 0.41 to 0.34 and the aggregate/cement ratio from 8 to 4. Some mixtures were also repeated with the addition of a hydrophobic admixture and prepared by fully replacing the ordinary aggregate with recycled aggregate to evaluate durability effects. High susceptibility to carbonation was observed for all the no-fines mixes studied. The use of recycled aggregate increases capillary water absorption (about 50%); however, the related decrease in durability could be easily counteracted with the use of a hydrophobic admixture.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/172302

Assessment of the actual hygrothermal performance of glass mineralwool insulation applied 25 years ago in masonry cavity walls
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
Autore/i: Stazi, Francesca; Tittarelli, Francesca; Politi, Giacomo; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Munafo', Placido
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: An experimental study was carried out on buildings constructed in the 1980s adopting vertical envelopeswith a glass wool insulation layer in the cavity. The aims of this study are to evaluate the insulationconservation state after 25 years, to assess the actual indoor thermal comfort and to compare differentretrofit interventions.The research included the following phases: laboratory tests on insulation samples to quantify anychanges of morphological, chemical, physical and thermal proprieties of the material; detailed on-sitemonitoring in order to analyze the thermal comfort conditions; dynamic thermal simulations to assess theimpact of different retrofit scenarios to satisfy the limits imposed by the current energy saving standard.The results show that the glass fibers and the binder were affected by a degradation process thusincreasing both water absorption and thermal conductivity; thermal comfort and consumptions were notinfluenced by the insulation aging; the most effective retrofit is the introduction of an external insulationlayer.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/149102

Comparison between cementitious and geopolymeric mortars with the same mechanical strength class
9th IMC International Masonry Conference
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Michele, Bitetti; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: Canto Redondo
Luogo di pubblicazione: Guimaraes
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: In the perspective of environmental sustainability for the rehabilitation and restoration of masonry buildings, the properties of geopolymeric mortars were studied and compared with those of traditional cement-based ones with the same mechanical strength class and workability. To this aim, four different geopolymeric and cement mixtures were manufactured in order to obtain mortars belonging to R1  10MPa, R2  15MPa, R3  25 MPa and R4  45 MPa strength class. In particular, geopolymeric mixtures were prepared with a sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide equal to 1:1, by using different concentration of the solutions, and sand/fly ash proportion equal to 2.7:1. The respective four cementitious mortar mixtures were prepared with water/cement equal to 0.5, 0.65, 0.9 and 1.1 by weight. Geopolymer mortars behave better than cement ones in terms of lower elastic modulus, higher water vapour permeability, lower capillary water absorption and higher resistance to salt crystallization.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/178509

Geopolymeric and cementitious mortars with the same strength class: comparison of the corrosion behaviour of embedded steel and galvanized steel reinforcements
EUROCORR 2014, Improving materials durability: from cultural heritage to industrial applications
Autore/i: Bellezze, Tiziano; Mobili, Alessandra; Roventi, Gabriella; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: Dechema - Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Geopolymeric and cementitious mortars with the same strength class and workability were studied and compared in terms of mechanical and corrosion behaviour of possible reinforcements. To this aim, three different geopolymeric and cement mixtures were manufactured in order to obtain mortars belonging to R1 > 10MPa, R2 > 15MPa and R3 > 25 MPa strength class. In particular, mortars based on geopolymer binder were prepared with fly ash, calcium aluminate cement, a solution of sodium silicate/potassium hydroxide ratio of 0.85:1, with different concentration of KOH, and a sand/binder ratio of 2.7:1, by weight. The respective three cementitious mortar mixtures were prepared with different proportions of ordinary Portland cement and hydraulic lime as binders, different water/binder ratio by weight and the same sand/binder ratio (3:1 by weight). The corrosion resistance of steel and galvanized steel reinforcements was investigated by free corrosion potential and polarization resistance measurements. Finally, metallographic analysis on the cross sections of galvanized bars extracted from the specimens was also carried out. The results showed that, initially, the galvanized steel reinforcements are particularly susceptible to corrosion in geopolymeric mixtures due to their high alkalinity. However, after few days of curing, the corrosion rate decrease, even if this process is slower than that of same reinforcements in cementitious mixtures. On the other hand, in geopolymeric matrix, the steel reinforcements show a lower corrosion rate, if compared with galvanized steel reinforcements, and their corrosion behaviour do not change significantly with the type of binder.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/200904

Confronto del comportamento di due differenti tipologie di malte geopolimeriche a base di cenere volante
Atti del 12° Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; M., Bitetti; Favoni, Orlando; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: AIMAT
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: La sempre maggiore richiesta di materiali da costruzione a ridotto impatto ambientale con la possibilità di riciclare materiali di scarto è stato l’impulso per lo sviluppo di leganti geopolimerici come possibili sostituti del tradizionale cemento Portland per il confezionamento di malte. La ricerca è stata condotta confrontando le prestazioni di 2 differenti serie di malte a base geopolimerica a parità di classe di resistenza meccanica: R1 ≥ 10MPa, R2 ≥ 15MPa, R3 ≥ 25MPa e R4≥ 45MPa, in accordo con la norma UNI EN 1504-3:2006. I geopolimeri sono il risultato della reazione chimica tra materiali sorgente e una soluzione alcalina. In questo studio, le malte geopolimeriche sono state confezionate con cenere volante (prima serie) e con cenere volante parzialmente sostituita con cemento alluminoso (seconda serie) come materiali sorgente. Come soluzione alcalina è stata utilizzata una soluzione di silicato di sodio e di idrossido di sodio, in assenza di cemento alluminoso, o di potassio, in presenza di cemento alluminoso, a differenti concentrazioni. Tutte le malte geopolimeriche sono state preparate con rapporto sabbia/cenere di 3:1, mantenendo sempre pari a 1 il rapporto tra il peso della soluzione di silicato di sodio e la soluzione di NaOH o KOH. In generale, nonostante la minore permeabilità al vapore rispetto alle miscele con NaOH, le malte con KOH hanno ottenuto pari assorbimento d’acqua per capillarità, una maggiore aderenza al mattone e un minore ritiro libero. Inoltre, la presenza del cemento alluminoso e dell’idrossido di potassio nei geopolimeri ha contribuito alla riduzione delle efflorescenze.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/194503

Cementitious and geo-polymeric mortars compared with the same mechanical strength class
Young Researchers' Forum II: Construction Materials
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: The Institute of Concrete Technology
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: In the perspective of using environmentally friendly materials for the rehabilitation and restoration of ancient buildings, the behaviour of geo-polymeric mortars was studied. The research was developed into two main aspects: substitution of Portland cement with an alternative binder and recycling of industrial by-products. The experimentation was carried out comparing the performances of cementitious and geo-polymeric mortars with the same mechanical strength class (R1≥ 10 MPa, R2 ≥ 15 MPa, R3 ≥ 25 MPa, R4 ≥ 45 MPa), according to the European Standard. In particular, four geo-polymeric mixtures were prepared with a sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide proportion of 1:1 with different concentration of NaOH and a sand/fly ash proportion of 2.7:1. Four cementitious mortars were prepared with water/cement equal to 0.5, 0.65, 0.9 and 1.1 by weight, respectively. Different properties both in fresh and hardened state were evaluated and compared. The adherence with brick was reduced when geo-polymeric mortars were used. However, best results were obtained by geo-polymeric mortars with respect to cement ones for vapour permeability, capillarity water absorption, elastic modulus and resistance to salt crystallization.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/152120

Finiture innovative per ambienti indoor con proprietà adsorbenti di inquinanti aereodispersi
Atti del 12° Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Marcellini, Mirco; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: AIMAT
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Le normative sull’efficienza e le prestazioni energetiche degli edifici sono sempre più stringenti. Tali norme comportano la progettazione e realizzazione di costruzioni isolate e sigillate, con conseguenti minor ricambi d’aria. E’ quindi maggiore il rischio di avere ambienti interni insalubri a causa del ristagno di umidità e aumento della concentrazione di inquinanti indoor. Oltre l’utilizzo di sistemi attivi convenzionali, malte e finiture interne possono dare un contributo rilevante all’aumento della qualità dell’aria. In questo studio sei differenti miscele sono state preparate utilizzando calce idraulica e cemento. Per quanto riguarda gli aggregati si è provveduto a sostituire la sabbia con materiali dall’elevata superficie specifica, quali perlite e zeolite. Sono state testate e messe a confronto le proprietà meccaniche e morfologiche, l’assorbimento d’acqua per capillarità, l’efficienza di rimozione di Composti Organici Volatili (COV) e la capacità delle finiture di funzionare come tampone igroscopico. I risultati hanno evidenziato che tutte le malte cementizie hanno, come ben noto, resistenze meccaniche maggiori rispetto a quelle confezionate con calce idraulica. Il legante è influente anche nei riguardi dell’assorbimento d’acqua per capillarità e come regolatore di umidità. Le malte preparate con zeolite risultano essere il migliore tampone igroscopico e hanno un’elevata efficienza di rimozione di COV: dopo trenta minuti di esposizione all’inquinante usato come tracciante non è stata rilevata saturazione.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/194505

Cementitious Materials with low additions of waste GRP dust: effect on fresh and hardened properties
RILEM International workshop on performance-based specification and control of concrete durability
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Shiho, Kawashima; Moriconi, Giacomo; Surendra P., Shah
Editore: RILEM Publication s.a.r.l.
Luogo di pubblicazione: Bagneux
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The viability of improving some durability aspects of cementitious materials through the addition of low dosages of very fine Glass Reinforced Plastic by-product is investigated. Replacing up to10% of sand volume with GRP dust delays the setting time of cement paste, but the delay can be partially recovered by adopting a previously thermal treated GRP dust. GRP dust increases workability deformability and total porosity, though with a smaller average radius, of cementitious materials and it significantly reduces the mechanical performance, when wet curing conditions are adopted. The risk of cracking induced by restrained shrinkage, capillary water absorption and resistance to efflorescence are better with waste GRP dust addition, especially when combined with silane. This decrease could involve enhanced durability of GRP mortars when used as supporting role.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/197509

Salinization of soil in South Tunisia
ASWEP-ESSC International Conference
Autore/i: Cocco, Stefania; Cardelli, Valeria; De Feudis, M.; Hannachi, N.; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Marcellini, Mirco; Tittarelli, Francesca; Weindorf, D.; Agnelli, A.; Corti, Giuseppe
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/181102

Assessment of air pollutant sources in the deposit on monuments by multivariate analysis
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Izabela, Ozga; Nadia, Ghedini; Giosue', Chiara; Cristina, Sabbioni; Tittarelli, Francesca; Alessandra, Bonazza
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: A proper recognition of the pollutant sources in atmospheric deposit is a key problem for any action aiming at reducing their emission, being this an important issue with implications both on human health safeguard and on the cultural heritage conservation in urban sites. Thiswork presents the results of a statistical approach application for the identification of pollutant sources in deposits and damage layers onmonuments located in different European sites: Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence (Italy), Cologne Cathedral, Cologne (Germany), Ancient ramparts, Salè (Morocco), National Museum, Cracow (Poland) and National Gallery, Oslo (Norway). For this aim, the surface damage layers on monuments and historical buildings of the selected sites were collected and analyzed, in terms of ionic and elemental composition, through application of ion chromatography and induced coupled plasma-opticalemission spectroscopy. The achieved results were processed bymultivariate analyses such as correlation matrix and principal component analysis in order to identify the possible origin of pollutants affecting the state of conservation of the monuments. This allowed us to assume that in all case studies the traffic emission is the main pollutant source. In the case of Ancient ramparts, Salè (Morocco), and National Gallery, Oslo (Norway), the surfaces are also under influence of marine aerosols. Moreover, concerning the Cologne Cathedral, the strong impact of the pollutants emitted by railway station was also revealed.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/172509

Innovative materials for building envelopes to improve passively indoor comfort and health
4° Forum Italiano per l'Ambient Assisted Living
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/128271

Degradation of Glass Mineral Wool Insulation after 25 Years in Masonry Cavity Walls
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Stazi, Francesca; Politi, Giacomo; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Munafo', Placido
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: An experimental study was carried out on glass wool insulation extracted from the cavity of vertical envelope of buildings constructed in the 1980s to evaluate the insulation conservation state after 25 years. Laboratory tests on insulation samples were carried out to assess any changes of the morphological, chemical, physical and thermal properties of the material. The results show that in glass mineral wool insulation, the glass fibers and the binder were affected by a degradation process thus increasing both water absorption and thermal conductivity.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/143682

Use of no-fines concrete as a building material: strength, durability properties and corrosion protection of embedded steel
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
Autore/i: Maddalena, Carsana; Tittarelli, Francesca; Luca, Bertolini
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Although no-fines concrete has been generally used for paving applications, it could be considered in other non-structural applications, such as reinforced panels, thanks to its acoustic, thermal and permeability properties. In this work,mechanical, durability-related properties and the protection provided by no-fines concrete to embedded steel against carbonation-induced corrosion have been investigated on mixtures with compressive strength in the range 7–30 MPa. Additional protections, such as a mixed-in hydrophobic admixture, the coating of cement paste on the reinforcing bar or the use of galvanized or stainless steel bars, are also considered. Results show that, although no-fines concrete is susceptible to fast carbonation and it cannot provide long-term passivation to embedded steel, itmay prevent corrosion in elements exposed to the atmosphere and sheltered by rain. In case of frequent contact with water, additional protections are required, preferably based on the use of corrosion resistant bars.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/88861

Characterization of black crust layers of different sites in Europe and North Africa
IX convegno nazionale sulla scienza e tecnologia dei materiali
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Izabela, Ozga; Tittarelli, Francesca; Alessandra, Bonazza
Editore: INSTM
Luogo di pubblicazione: Firenze
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The EC TeACH project (Technologies and tools to prioritize assessment and diagnosis of air pollution impact on immovable and movable cultural heritage) sets out to understand the different types of deterioration due to pollution impact on cultural heritage in different European and North Africa sites. The characterization of damage layers was focused on ions by chromatography (IC) and elemental composition by coupled plasma-optical emission and mass spectrometer (ICP-OES, ICP-MS). The obtained data were analyzed applying Pearson’s correlation to understand the origin of the ions and elements detected in the black crusts. In all cases, SOx and NOx have the priority role in damage layer formation. The impact in surface deterioration of local pollutant sources, e.g. past restoration treatments in Florence Cathedral, coal combustion and emission from railway transport in case of Cologne Cathedral, marine aerosol deposition, in the cases of the coastal sites of Salè and Oslo, are also observed.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/108063

Effect of low dosages of waste GRP dust on fresh and hardened properties of mortars: Part 1
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Surendra P., Shah
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The viability of improving some durability aspects of mortars through the addition of low dosages of very fine Glass Reinforced Plastic by-product was investigated. Replacing 5–10% of sand volume with GRP dust delays the setting time of cement paste, but the delay can be partially recovered by adopting a previously thermally treated GRP dust. GRP dust increases the workability, autogeneous shrinkage, deformability and total porosity of mortars, though with a smaller average radius. It significantly reduces the mechanical performance of mortars when wet curing conditions are adopted. However, the risk of cracking induced by restrained shrinkage and capillary water absorption is lower in the presence of GRP dust. This decrease could imply enhanced durability of GRP mortars when used as supporting role.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/112547

Corrosion behaviour of reinforced no-fines concrete
CORROSION SCIENCE
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Maddalena, Carsana; Bellezze, Tiziano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The CO2 induced corrosion behavior of no-fines concrete manufactured with three different strength classes and reinforcements is compared. The main results showed that black steel corrodes with rates three times higher with respect to those monitored in the other reinforcements, with higher corrosion rates in lower strength class concretes. The corrosion rates of steel covered by cement grout and galvanized reinforcements are not affected by concrete strength class since they protect themselves with the cement grout coating or zinc passivation, respectively. Among the reinforcements considered in this work, galvanized steel shows the best corrosion behavior.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/88264

Sustainable and Durable No-fines Concrete for Vertical Applications
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: No-fines concretes with compressive strength in the range 7-30 MPa at 28 days of curing were optimized by changing the water-cement ratio from 0.41 to 0.34 and the aggregate-cement ratio from 8 to 4. Some mixtures were also repeated with the addition of a hydrophobic admixture and prepared by fully replacing the ordinary aggregate with recycled aggregate to evaluate durability effects. High susceptibility to carbonation was observed for all the no-fines mixes studied. The use of recycled aggregate increases capillary water absorption (about 50%); however, the related decrease in durability could be easily counteracted with the use of a hydrophobic admixture.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/143877

Sul comportamento a corrosione delle armature zincate nel calcestruzzo
Pietro Pedeferri e la scuola di corrosione e protezione dei materiali al Politecnico di Milano
Autore/i: Bellezze, Tiziano; Fratesi, Romeo; Roventi, Gabriella; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/118272

Effect of two different sources and washing treatment on the properties of UFS by-products for mortar and concrete production
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Monosi, Saveria; Tittarelli, Francesca; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The possibility of reusing two types of Used Foundry Sands (UFSs), coming from two different processing stages of the same foundry, in the production of mortars and concretes for structural applications was investigated. The UFSs were physically and chemically characterized and then added to mortars and concretes as fine aggregate replacement at increasing dosages (ranging from 0 % to 30 % by weight). Different water-cement ratios as well as the addition of previously washed UFSs were also considered. The resulting washing waters were used to manufacture cement pastes in order to investigate the effect of soluble UFSs ions on the hydration kinetics of cement. Leaching tests in de-ionized water were realized in order to assess the environmental impact of the final materials. The main results show that UFSs properties are very dependent on their source, even in the same foundry. The reduction in compressive strength is greater when lower w/c ratio are adopted. High content of soluble alkaline ions in UFSs can induce an accelerating effect in cement hydration. However, if previously washed UFSs is employed, the accelerating effect at shorter curing time is eliminated and the reduction in mechanical performance at longer curing time partially recovered. The release in de-ionized water satisfies the enforced standard for all the specimens. At these percentages of use, mortars and concrete for structural applications can still be manufactured and the use in construction is beneficial over disposal.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/87483

Effect of low dosages of waste GRP dust on fresh and hardened properties of mortars: Part 2
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Part 1 of the work reported that by replacing 5–10% of sand volume with GRP dust, workability, autogeneous shrinkage, deformability and total porosity, though with a smaller average radius, of mortars increased, thereby reducing significantly the mechanical performance, when wet curing conditions are adopted. However, the risk of cracking induced by restrained shrinkage and the capillary water absorption is lower in the presence of GRP dust, leading to enhanced durability of GRP mortars when used as supporting role. Therefore, in the present work, plaster mortars manufactured by replacing 0–2.5–5% of sand volume with GRP dust were characterized. For comparison, the addition of an hydrophobic admixture at different dosages was also considered. Permeability is not significantly reduced by the low addition of GRP dust, but it is slightly increased by silane addition. Thermal insulation properties, capillary water absorption and resistance to efflorescence are better with waste GRP dust addition, especially when combined with silane.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/112548

Monitoraggio delle cause ambientali di degrado degli affreschi del camposanto monumentale di Pisa per la messa a punto di protocolli di manutenzione
Autore/i: Alessandra, Bonazza; Paola de, Nuntiis; Nadia, Ghedini; Paolo, Mandrioli; Izabela Joanna, Ozga; Cristina, Sabbioni; Tittarelli, Francesca; Valentina, Turci
Luogo di pubblicazione: Bologna
Classificazione: 5 Altro
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/210516

Composizione di croste nere da differenti siti di interesse storico
Atti XI Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; I., Ozga; O., Favoni; N., Ghedini; A., Bonazza
Editore: Associazione Italiana d'Ingegneria dei Materiali
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Nell’ambito di un progetto finalizzato allo studio delle diverse tipologie di degrado causate dall’inquinamento atmosferico a carico del patrimonio culturale costruito, in questo lavoro sono state prelevate croste nere in 4 differenti siti (3 europei e 1 nord africano) e caratterizzate mediante cromatografia ionica e spettroscopia a emissione atomica e di massa. I risultati ottenuti mostrano come in tutti i luoghi oggetto di studio, l’SO2 abbia un ruolo prioritario nella formazione delle croste nere. É stato inoltre identificato l’impatto di fonti inquinanti locali antropiche e di sorgenti naturali sul degrado degli edifici considerati, come le emissioni da combustione di carbone e da trasporto, sia ferroviario che veicolare, nel sito di Colonia, l’aerosol marino nei siti costieri di Salè ed Oslo, i sali disgelanti ad Oslo e precedenti trattamenti di restauro nel sito di Firenze.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/80602

Comportamento a corrosione dell'acciaio in calcestruzzo "no-fines"
Atti XI Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: M., Carsana; Tittarelli, Francesca; L., Bertolini
Editore: Associazione Italiana d'Ingegneria dei Materiali
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Sebbene attualmente i calcestruzzi “no-fines” sono in genere impiegati in applicazioni stradali, grazie alle loro proprietà acustiche, termiche e di permeabilità al vapore potrebbero essere utilizzati anche in altre applicazioni non strutturali magari sottoforma di pannelli verticali rinforzati. In letteratura però non sono ancora riportati studi specifici sul comportamento a corrosione di armature immerse in calcestruzzi a ridotto contenuto di fini. In questo lavoro, pertanto, è stato confrontato il comportamento alla corrosione indotta da carbonatazione di differenti tipologie di armature immerse in calcestruzzi “no-fines” esposti a diverse condizioni di umidità ambientali. I risultati mostrano che sebbene il calcestruzzo a ridotto contenuto di fini sia suscettibile a una veloce carbonatazione e non possa quindi garantire una passivazione a lungo termine dell’armatura in acciaio nero, esso può proteggere dalla corrosione gli elementi esposti all’atmosfera e protetti dalla pioggia. Nel caso di frequenti contatti con l’acqua, sono invece necessarie protezioni aggiuntive come l’utilizzo di armature resistenti alla corrosione.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/80216

Confronto delle prestazioni di malte alleggerite confezionate con polistirolo vergine o di riciclo
Atti XI Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; DI PERNA, Costanzo; O., Favoni; Monosi, Saveria
Editore: Associazione Italiana d'Ingegneria dei Materiali
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Nel presente lavoro sono state confrontate le prestazioni di malte alleggerite con perle di polistirolo vergine con quelle di malte confezionate con granuli di polistirolo di riciclo, sostituendo il volume di sabbia a dosaggi crescenti (33% - 66% - 100%). I risultati ottenuti mostrano che, a parità di dosaggio, la sostituzione del polistirolo vergine con quello riciclato comporta un miglioramento delle prestazioni meccaniche e non importanti variazioni nell’assorbimento d’acqua e nella permeanza al vapor d’acqua. L’utilizzo del polistirolo di riciclo comporta un aumento della conducibilità termica equivalente della malta compensabile aumentando il dosaggio di polistirolo ma un significativo risparmio economico nel confezionare malte con un certo grado di capacità isolante.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/82888

Impiego di vetro riciclato nel confezionamento di malte architettoniche
Atti XI Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; O., Favoni; M., Mele; Moriconi, Giacomo
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Sebbene il vetro possa essere facilmente riciclato e rifuso, i vetri misti di colore diverso sono economicamente più difficili da riutilizzare. Nel presente lavoro, si è valutata la possibilità di riutilizzare vetro di scarto tal quale proveniente da un impianto di gestione rifiuti per confezionare malte architettoniche decorative. È stato investigato l’effetto di crescenti dosaggi di rottami di vetro a sostituzione della graniglia calcarea sulle proprietà delle malte allo stato fluido e indurito compresa la reattività alla reazione alcali aggregato, valutando anche la presenza di un additivo idrofobizzante. I risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato che nelle malte la parziale sostituzione della graniglia calcarea con rottami di vetro di granulometria confrontabile consente di ridurre il dosaggio di additivo superfluidificante per ottenere la stessa lavorabilità, non comporta significative differenze in termini di prestazioni meccaniche, di permeabilità al vapore e di assorbimento d’acqua per capillarità mentre riduce sensibilmente la deformazione da ritiro libero. Il vetro utilizzato è risultato non reattivo in termini di reazione alcali aggregato né in acqua né in soda secondo i parametri della normativa vigente, anche in assenza dell’additivo idrofobizzante.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/80218

Utilization of Used Foundry Sand in Cementitious Material for Structural Application
The new boundaries of structural concrete
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Monosi, Saveria
Editore: IMREADY
Luogo di pubblicazione: Galazzano
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: American Concrete Institute - ACI Italy Chapter dedicated to Pier Luigi Nervi
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/62330

Trattamenti idrofobizzanti come metodi preventivi o riabilitativi contro il degrado indotto dalla corrosione delle armature nelle strutture in calcestruzzo armato
Corrosione e Protezione
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo
Editore: Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia
Luogo di pubblicazione: Milano
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/59508

Monitoring pollution impact on architectural surfaces in terms of colour changing
Autore/i: Bonazza, A.; Ozga, I.; Tittarelli, Francesca; Favoni, O.; Ghedini, N.; Sabbioni, C.
Luogo di pubblicazione: Orleans (France)
Classificazione: 5 Altro
Abstract: SWAPNET meeting "ConserStone 2011" 7-8 July 2011 Orleans - France
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/66137

Comparison between surface and bulk hydrophobic treatment against corrosion of galvanized reinforcing steel
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The effectiveness of bulk hydrophobic treatment against corrosion of galvanized steel reinforcement in concrete specimens with w/c=0.45 and w/c=0.75 was compared with that of surface treatment, even in the presence of cracks 0.5 and 1 mmwide in the concrete cover. In this case surface hydrophobic treatments were applied both before and after cracking as a preventive and a restorative method against reinforced concrete deterioration, respectively. The obtained results in terms of water absorption, electrochemical measurements, chlorides penetration, and visual observations carried out on reinforced concrete specimens during the exposure to wet–dry cycles in 10% NaCl solution showed that bulk hydrophobization is the most effective treatment in improving the corrosion resistance of galvanized steel reinforcements in concrete also in the presence of cracks. Surface hydrophobization is very effective just in the first few exposure cycles to the aggressive environment and when used as a restorative method which is able to cancel the deleterious effect of cracks only 0.5 mm wide.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/54799

Hydrophobic Treatments as Preventive or Restorative Methods against Reinforced Concrete Deterioration
The new boundaries of structural concrete
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo
Editore: Edizioni Imready
Luogo di pubblicazione: Galazzano
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: 2nd Workshop "The new boundaries of structural concrete" organized by the Università Politecnica delle Marche (Italy) and the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Italy Chapter.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/62349

Diagnosis of surface damage induced by air pollution on 20th-century concrete buildings
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Ozga, I.; Bonazza, A.; Bernardi, E.; Tittarelli, Francesca; Favoni, O.; Ghedini, N.; Morselli, L.; Sabbioni, C.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The present work focuses on the impact of anthropogenic multi-pollutants on modern concrete buildings exposed in two different European urban areas: Centennial Hall in Wroclaw (Poland) and Casa Galleria Vichi in Florence (Italy). Through a range of analytical techniques the complete characterization of the damage layer collected from the buildings under study has been achieved for the first time, including quantitative measurements of the carbon content. The experimental results allow the identification and prioritization of the air pollutants responsible for the surface deterioration, finding gypsum to be the main damage product on surfaces sheltered from rain runoff, with embedded particulate matter, especially carbonaceous particles, responsible for darkening of the building walls. The discrimination of carbon fractions shows different concentrations of elemental and organic carbon within the damage layers, depending on the location of the buildings. This step is essential for identifying the anthropogenic sources causing deterioration on the buildings, including the aesthetic impairment of surfaces. The contribution of air pollutants is also reflected by the elements found in the damage layers, while the evaluation of the enrichment factors is useful for identifying the elements of anthropogenic origin.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/58700

Effect of SRA on the expansive behaviour of mortars based on sulphoaluminate agent
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
Autore/i: Monosi, Saveria; Troli, R.; Favoni, O.; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The effectiveness of an expansive admixture based on calcium sulphoaluminate, in the presence and in the absence of a shrinkage reducing admixture, is investigated in mortars manufactured with different water to binder ratios. The results show that the mortar free expansion increases with gypsum content, but the amount of mortar free contraction and the time to reach the mortar steady state remain unaffected. Moreover, the mortar expansion strongly depends on the adopted water to binder ratio; in particular the greatest expansion is reached when the highest water to binder ratio is used. A threshold water/binder value exists below which mortars do not expand. Addition of a shrinkage reducing admixture strongly amplifies the free expansion of mortars but not the mortar expansion loss that follows. On the other hand, the shrinkage reducing admixture does not affect restrained mortar expansion but only reduces restrained mortar shrinkage. The presence of the shrinkage reducing admixture slightly delays cement hydration, always decreases the mortar compressive strength and it changes dramatically the morphology of the ettringite fibers.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/54624

Used Foundry Sand in Cement Mortars and Concrete Production
THE OPEN WASTE MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
Autore/i: Monosi, Saveria; Sani, Daniela; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Abstract: Used foundry sands represent the highest amount of solid wastes generated by foundries. Classified by European Union regulations as non hazardous waste, they represent a relevant source to be reused in several industrial sectors, in building construction primarily. In present paper, the properties of mortars and concretes containing different dosages of used foundry sand (UFS) as partial replacement of sand were investigated in both fresh and hardened conditions. In particular, higher percentages of addition, but lower if referred to the whole aggregate (fine and coarse), were considered in concretes than in mortars. Both mortars and concretes were evaluated with respect to consistency of the fresh mixture and compressive strength of the hardened material. Elastic modulus determination of the hardened material was carried out on concretes. A low (10%) amount of used foundry sand does not change the mortar‘s performances. In the presence of higher additions a workability decreasing can be outlined, and then a higher dosage of superplasticizer is required in order to keep it constant. Mechanical performances lower of about 20-30% than those of the conglomerate without used foundry sand are observed. The higher penalization it seems to concern to the conglomerates of better quality (i.e. lower water-cement ratio).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/58168

Impact of multi-pollutants on cement mortars - the case study Centennial Hall
VI Congresso Nazionale di Archeometria. Scienza e Beni Culturali
Autore/i: Ozga, I.; Bonazza, A.; Bernardi, E.; Tittarelli, Francesca; Favoni, O.; Ghedini, N.; Morselli, L.; Sabbioni, C.
Luogo di pubblicazione: Pavia
Classificazione: 5 Altro
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/63308

Riutilizzazione di scarti in vetroresina in materiali cementizi
ENCO JOURNAL
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/53426

Investigation of the major reduction reaction occuring during the passivation of galvanized steel rebars
CORROSION SCIENCE
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Bellezze, Tiziano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The corrosion behaviour of zinc plates immersed in calcium hydroxide saturated solutions in the presence of oxygen, air and nitrogen, respectively, was studied. The corrosion resistance was monitored by potentials and corrosion rate measurements. The results obtained were confirmed by further data collected on galvanized rebars embedded in concrete and stored in different curing environments. The results clearly show that oxygen is the main oxidizing agent and indeed not water for the rapid formation of an effective passivation layer on zinc coating.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/53394

Riutilizzo delle sabbie di fonderia nelle malte cementizie
ENCO JOURNAL
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Monosi, S; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Moriconi, G.
Editore: Enco Srl - Via Lazzaris 7 - 31207 Spresiano (TV) Tel. 0422/881350 - Fax 0422/881332 info@encosrl.it
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/35940

Use of GRP industrial by-product in cementitious materials
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo
Luogo di pubblicazione: Ancona (Italy)
Classificazione: 5 Altro
Abstract: Comunicazione a invito al Surendra P. Shah Symposium "Advances in structural concrete"
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/54204

Effetto di additivi idrofobizzanti sulle prestazioni di conglomerati cementizi a ridotto contenuto di fini
Atti del 10° Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Carsana, M; Bertolini, L; Moriconi, Giacomo
Editore: Centro Editoriale Librario Università
Luogo di pubblicazione: RENDE
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/53829

Progetto Prisma 07Miglioramento dele prestazioni di materiali cementizi capaci di ridurre la concentrazione di gas serraRelazione sul 2° anno di attivitàUnità di Ricerca: Università Politecnica delle Marche
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 5 Altro
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/54127

Studio di calcestruzzi contenenti polvere di lavorazione di vetroresina
Atti del 10° Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Monosi, S; Moriconi, Giacomo
Editore: Centro Editoriale e Librario, Università della Cal
Luogo di pubblicazione: RENDE
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: A cura di R. Aiello e F. Testa
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/52479

Effect of GRP By-Product Addition on Plastic and Hardened Properties of Cement Mortars
Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Kawashima, S; Tregger, N; Moriconi, Giacomo; Shah, S. P.
Editore: UWM Center for By-Products Utilization
Luogo di pubblicazione: MILWAUKEE, WI
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: The possibility of recycle Glass Reinforced Plastic industrial by-product Dust (GRPD) in cementitious materials was considered and the effect of GRPD addition on plastic and hardened properties of cement mortars was investigated. Results revealed that GRPD addition delays the setting time of cement paste, but the delay can be partially recovered by using a previously heated GRPD. Moreover, GRPD is effective in reducing the viscosity and yield stress of cement paste when used as a partial cement replacement. Replacing 5 - 10% of sand volume with GRPD causes an increase in autogenous shrinkage and deformability of mortars as well as a strong reduction in the mechanical performance. However, the risk of cracking induced by restrained drying shrinkage and capillary water absorption is significantly lower in the presence of GRPD. This decrease could involve enhanced durability of GRPD mortars, even if only in a supporting role.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/50355

Use of GRP industrial by-products in cement based composites
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The possibility of re-using Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) industrial by-product powder in cement based composites was investigated. Firstly, the by-product was physically and chemically characterized. Secondly, mechanical, capillary water absorption and shrinkage measurements were carried out on cement mortars manufactured by replacing the 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the aggregate volume with GRP by-product and on self compacting concretes manufactured by replacing the 0%, 25% and 50% of the calcareous filler volume with GRP powder. The obtained results show that GRP industrial by-product powder could be used as a partial aggregate or filler replacement in cement based composites. A decrease in mechanical strength was detected on the cement-based materials manufactured by GRP addition. However, capillary water absorption and drying shrinkage of cement-based materials with GRP addition resulted in significantly lower values than those of the cement-based materials manufactured without GRP addition, involving enhanced durability.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/51401

Monitoraggio delle cause ambientali di degrado degli affreschi del Camposanto Monumentale di Pisa, per la messa a punto dei protocolli di manutenzione
Relazione finale - fase 1
Autore/i: Bonazza, A; DE NUNTIIS, P; Ghedini, N; Guaraldi, C; Mandrioli, P; Ozga, I; Sabbioni, C; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 5 Altro
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/48365

The effect of silane-based hydrophobic admixture on corrosion of galvanized reinforcing steel in concrete
CORROSION SCIENCE
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Sound or deliberately pre-cracked concrete specimens, with 0.5 or 1 mm wide crack, were manufactured with water to cement ratios (w/c) of 0.45 and 0.75, both in the presence and in the absence of a silane admixture. The specimens were exposed to wet–dry cycles in a 10% NaCl aqueous solution. The results, in terms of electrochemical measurements, and visual and metallographic observations carried out on the galvanized steel reinforcement removed from the specimens, showed that the hydrophobic concrete is able to protect galvanized steel reinforcement from corrosion even in the presence of cracks in the concrete cover, especially when a high w/c is used.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/50529

Influence of paper mill ashes on the properties of self-compacting concrete
Supplementary papers of the Tenth ACI Int. Conf. on “Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues”
Autore/i: Corinaldesi, Valeria; Monosi, Saveria; Tittarelli, Francesca; O., Favoni
Editore: FARMINGTON HILLS, MI
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Abstract Self compacting concrete (SCC) is characterized by a high workability that does not require any vibration to place it. Moreover, SCC must be stable during the placement and before setting in order to guarantee homogeneity and durability. The above performances can be obtained: 1) by decreasing the amount and size of the coarse aggregate; 2) by using a high volume of fines; 3) by the combined use of superplasticizer and viscosity modifying agent (VMA) in order to obtain high fluidity as well as high stability of the cement paste. Excessive amount of cement, dangerous for hydration heat, creep and shrinkage, can be avoided by using mineral additions. Some fine additions showing high specific surface area, such as silica fume or colloidal silica, are effective both as filler and viscosity improving agent. In this paper, SCCs containing ashes coming from the combustion of paper mill sludge as fine mineral addition were studied. In particular, workability and bleeding capacity of fresh mixtures, as well as compressive strength at different curing times of the hardened concrete, were examined. The paper mill ash (PMA) was used with two different rates and finenesses. When used without any preliminary grinding, no improvement in the concrete performance was observed since the high porosity penalizes the compressive strength and the moderate fineness (maximum size is about 240 µm, as received) does not improve the stability of the concrete mixture. The use of PMA seems to be effective for obtaining stable mixtures and avoiding VMA addition only after grinding, in order to significantly increase its fineness.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/50523

Recent Investigation of Used Foundry Sand in Mortar Mixture
Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; S., Monosi; Ruello, Maria Letizia; G., Moriconi
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/46788

Damage Assessment of Concrete by Ionic Flux Measure from Cement Paste Matrix
Special Topics on Materials Science and Technology An Italian Panorama
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca; Capuani, D; Aprile, A; Fava, G.
Editore: BRILL Publisher
Luogo di pubblicazione: LEIDEN
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Deterioration and degradation of reinforced concrete infrastructures like bridges and tunnels on great communication roads take place due to numerous factors under various aspects. This work particularly studied the deterioration of cement paste matrix caused by cracks resulting from cyclic loads. For this reason, specimens similar to the composition of concrete used for the construction of viaducts between the '50s and '70s were manufactured. The specimens were subjected to compression cycles at different intensities. At the end of the loading cycles, the samples were investigated by non-destructive ultrasonic technique. The samples were then immersed in de-ionized water under dynamic leaching conditions for investigating the dissolution of salts from the cement paste and their leaching flows. Results showed that the leaching test had a good ability to describe "the history" of the material, while the ultrasonic test substantially supplied identical measurements on specimens with different damage. The best correlation was found between the flow speed to reach the steady state and the number of cyclic loads that the specimens suffered.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/50501

Characterization of Wasted Wash-Stone for a Possible Re-Use in Construction Materials
Special Topics on Materials Science and Technology An Italian Panorama
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Moriconi, Giacomo
Editore: Brill Academic Publishers
Luogo di pubblicazione: LEIDEN
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Wasted wash-stone, based on pumice and expandable clay, deriving from textile treatment in industrial laundries is generally land-filled. It is also well known that natural pumice is used as aggregate for manufacturing light-weight concrete. The use of light-weight concrete is becoming more and more relevant due to its lightness and thermal-acoustic insulation properties in accordance with sustainable building principles. The possibility of replacing natural pumice with wasted wash-stone of laundries could lead to a decrease in the waste flux to disposal, to exempt companies from the related taxes and to a reduction in the extraction of non-renewable raw materials from quarries. The results obtained in this work show that the properties of the characterized wasted wash-stone are comparable with those of a commercial pumice used as aggregate to manufacture light-weight concretes. The main negative characteristics of the analyzed samples, in view of a possible re-use as aggregate in concrete, are the low reproducibility and the significant presence of organic substances (congruent to 8%) which could slow down the set time and the hardening process of the cementitious materials. However, the problem could be overcome by changing the sampling point of the waste material in the processing cycle before disposal.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/51965

Effectiveness of surface or bulk hydrophobic treatments in cementitious materials
Protection of Historical Buildings
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, G.
Editore: Taylor&Francis/Balkema
Luogo di pubblicazione: LEIDEN
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Water is the main agent for every deterioration process of cementitious materials, therefore surface hydrophobic treatments or the introduction of hydrophobic agents directly in the mixture should involve an increase in durability. In this work, the effectiveness of surface or bulk hydrophobic treatments at different dosages was compared in mortar and concrete specimens, even in the presence of cracks. Compressive strength was also determined by detecting strength loss for increasing dosage of the hydrophobic admixture. High dosage (1% by cement weight) causes significant compressive strength loss (20%), but it is able to reduce the water absorption by about 80%, reaching hydrophobic efficiency comparable with surface hydrophobic treatments. In any case, a 0.5% dosage is able to guarantee optimal efficiency, giving satisfactory compromise between mechanical strength loss and water absorption gain. Moreover, the effectiveness of bulk hydrophobic treatments is always much more durable than that of surface hydrophobic ones.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/42028

Oxygen diffusion through hydrophobic cement-based materials
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The oxygen diffusion coefficient through hydrophobic cement-based materials fully immersed in water was determined by potentiostatic measurements on concrete and by the use of a diffusion cell on cement pastes and mortars. The obtained results show that very high oxygen diffusion occurs through cement paste, mortar and concrete made with hydrophobic admixture as opposed to negligible diffusion through the reference cement matrix without admixture. Moreover, the oxygen diffusion coefficients measured through hydrophobic cement matrices immersed in water were comparable with those reported in literature for unsaturated cement materials in air. These experimental results appear to confirm that oxygen dissolved in water directly diffuses as a gaseous phase through the empty pores of a hydrophobic cement matrix. This could explain the severe corrosion of steel reinforcement embedded in cracked hydrophobic concrete immersed in an aqueous chloride solution observed in a previous work.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/37559

Environmental damage in XXth century architecture
WIT Transactions on The Built Environment. Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XI
Autore/i: Ozga, I; Bonazza, A; Tittarelli, Francesca; Bernardi, E; Favoni, O; Ghedini, N; Morselli, L; Sabbioni, C.
Editore: WITpress
Luogo di pubblicazione: SOUTHAMPTON
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: It has been recognized that many modern buildings undergo rapid deterioration, especially in areas with high air pollutant concentrations. It is assumed that the deposition of gaseous multipollutants and aerosols plays a major role in causing the deterioration of monuments and built cultural heritage in European cities. While the deterioration process due to air pollutants and particle deposition is well studied in stones, particularly limestone, sandstone and granite, in the case of cement materials the subject has yet to be explored. This work focuses on the investigation of the impact of air multipollutants on concrete architecture in current urban atmospheres. The diagnosis of surface layers considering location of buildings, is a major issue in this research. To this end laboratory analyses have been preformed on samples from buildings exposed in different urban areas: Centennial Hall of 1913 (Wroclaw, Poland, close to a power station); Chiesa dell'Autostrada del Sole of 1963 (Florence, Italy, close to the motorway) and Casa Galleria Vichi of 1911 (Florence city centre). The samplings were carried out taking into account different levels and parts of the buildings, in washed out, sheltered and partly sheltered areas. The characterization of collected surface layers and cement mortar samples was performed using a range of analytical methods, including optical and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, ion chromatography, induced coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, differential and gravimetric thermal analysis and CHNSO elemental analysis. The quantitative results from the experimental work will be presented and discussed, in order to achieve an exhaustive picture of the main causes leading to concrete deterioration in the buildings under study.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/42299

Sustainable building materials able to sequester CO2
Atti del VII Convegno Nazionale INSTM sulla Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Carsana, M; Bertolini, L; Moriconi, Giacomo
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/53711

Recent Investigation on the Use of Foundry Sandin Mortar Mixtures
Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Monosi, Saveria; Ruello, Maria Letizia; G., Moriconi
Editore: American Concrete Institute
Luogo di pubblicazione: FARMINTON HILLS
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Used foundry sand (UFS) represents the highest amount of solid waste generated by foundries. At present, the general trend is disposal in landfills with two drawbacks: consumption of new raw materials and saturation of existing landfills. This material is classified non-hazardous and therefore its reuse is possible in several industrial sectors. In this study laboratory tests are presented regarding the reuse of waste foundry sand in mortar production by partly replacing the fine aggregate with UFS. The waste material was physically and chemically characterized and then it was added to mortars as fine aggregate replacement at dosage rates of o%, 20%, and 30% sand by weight. At the dosage of 20%, an addition of previously washed UFS was also considered. The resulting washing water was used to manufacture cement pastes in order to investigate the effect of soluble UFS ions on the hydration kinetics of cement by thermogravimetric analysis. The obtained results showed that the addition of UFS decreases the compressive strength of mortars by about 30%, regardless of the addition rate, and has an accelerated setting effect on cement paste hydration. These undesirable effects are partially mitigated by using previously washed foundry sand.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/42031

Impact of air pollutants on modern built heritage
Vulnerability of 20th Centery Cultural Heritage to Hazard and Prevention Measures
Autore/i: Ozga, I; Bonazza, A; Tittarelli, Francesca; Bernardi, E; Favoni, O; Ghedini, N; Morselli, L. SABBIONI C.
Editore: T.E.I. IIEIPAIA
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/43160

Miscele cementizie per la realizzazione di massetti a ritiro compensato
9° Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Monosi, S; Tittarelli, Francesca; Troli, R; Favoni, O.
Editore: Ziino
Luogo di pubblicazione: NAPOLI
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/43022

Re-use of GRP industrial by-product as new filler for SCC
SCC2008: Challenges and barriers to application The Third North American Conference on the Design an
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Published on CD-ROM
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/53751

Misura dei flussi di lisciviazione da matrici cementizie per la valutazione del degrado del calcestruzzo
9° Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca; D., Capuani; A., Aprile; Fava, Gabriele
Editore: Edizioni Ziino
Luogo di pubblicazione: NAPOLI
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Il deterioramento ed il degrado del conglomerato cementizio in opere quali ponti e gallerie su strade di grande comunicazione sono dovuti a numerosi fattori e si presentano sotto una molteplicità di aspetti. Nello specifico il presente studio ha preso in esame il degrado legato alla perdita di costituenti dalla matrice cementizia in relazione al degrado introdotto da fessurazioni in seguito a cicli di carico. Provini appositamente confezionati per essere rappresentativi della composizione dei calcestruzzi tipicamente usati per la realizzazione di viadotti tra gli anni ’50 e ’70 sono stati sottoposti a cicli di compressione di diversa intensità. Al termine dei cicli di carico i provini sono stati sottoposti ad indagine ultrasonica per la valutazione non distruttiva della resistenza meccanica. Quindi i provini cono stati immersi in acqua deionizzata in condizioni di cessione dinamica per misurare la dissoluzione di sali nell’acqua presente nei pori della matrice cementizia e i relativi flussi di lisciviazione. I risultati mostrano una buona capacità del test di lisciviazione di descrivere “la storia” del materiale, rispetto alla prova ultrasonica che fornisce misure sostanzialmente identiche. La migliore correlazione è trovata tra la rapidità con cui il flusso raggiunge lo stato stazionario e il numero di cicli di carico a cui il provino è stato sottoposto.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/43020

Evaluation of labile ionic pool in cement-based matrix
On Site Assessment of Concrete, Masonry and Timber Structures
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo; Fava, G.
Editore: RILEM Publications s.a.r.l.
Luogo di pubblicazione: BAGNEUX
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/50400

Miscele cementizie per la realizzazione di massetti a ritiro compensato
9° Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Monosi, Saveria; Tittarelli, Francesca; Troli, R; Favoni, O.
Editore: Ziino
Luogo di pubblicazione: NAPOLI
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/44892

Recycling Rubble from Building Demolition in Structural Concrete Production
2nd International Conference on Engineering for Waste Valorisation
Autore/i: Corinaldesi, Valeria; Moriconi, Giacomo; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Recycling and Recovery, A12. Recycling in concrete and road construction
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/43815

Investigation of a deteriorated reinforced concrete infrastructure and possible repair
On Site Assessment of Concrete, Masonry and Timber Structures
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Capuani, D; Aprile, A.
Editore: RILEM Publications
Luogo di pubblicazione: BAGNEUX
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/43268

Evaluation of labile ionic pool in cement-based matrix
RILEM Symposium on On Site Assessment of Concrete, Masonry and Timber Structures - SACoMaTiS 2008
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, G; Fava, Gabriele
Editore: RILEM Publications SARL
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Abstract: The realization of a diffusive sampling probe, suitable for the assessment of ion mobility in a cement-based matrix, is presented. Laboratory tests have been performed with the purpose of investigating the probe performance and correlating the dynamically induced flux with the ions release obtained under equilibrium condition from leaching test realized in parallel. The diffusion fluxes were induced by an ionic exchange resin from the mortar through a thin diffusion chamber full of water. The resin acts as a sink, thus causing a re-supply from the labile ionic pool of the solid phase. This re-supply is dependent on the amount of labile ions adsorbed on the solid phase and on the rate of exchange between solid and solution phase. This model simulates and assumes the probe deployment based on the first Fick's laws. The time evolution of the accumulated mass of non adsorbed species (nitrate) was used to calculate the re-supply due to diffusion only. In situ diffusion deployment may potentially provide reliable information and it may represent a support for the assessment of both environment impact of the porous material and its durability.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/51330

The effect of silane-based hydrophobic admixture on corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The influence of a hydrophobic admixture based on silane on the corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement in concrete was studied. Sound or deliberately pre-cracked concrete specimens were manufactured with w/c of 0.45 and 0.80, both in the presence and in the absence of silane. The specimens were fully immersed in a 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution. The results, in terms of electrochemical measurements, visual observations, and weight loss measurements of steel reinforcement, show that silane blocked corrosion process in uncracked concrete specimens. On the other hand, in cracked concrete specimens, corrosion of steel reinforcements was unexpectedly more severe in hydrophobic specimens rather than in the corresponding not hydrophobic ones. It is believed that oxygen, which is needed to feed the corrosion process, diffuses faster in a gaseous phase through the open concrete porosity in the hydrophobic concrete, whereas in concrete without silane, oxygen diffuses much more slowly through the water filling the pores of the saturated concrete.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/51722

Atmospheric deterioration of cement plaster in a building exposed to a urban environment
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo; Bonazza, A.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The work presents results achieved in a research study on the effects of atmospheric deposition on the cement mortar of the basement in a twentieth-century building located in the city of Ancona (Italy). The degree of damage as a function of the sampling depth is evaluated by combining visual observation, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ion chromatography, differential and gravimetric thermal analysis and the quantitative determination of elemental carbon. Sulphation is found to be the main damage mechanism occurring on the cement mortar constituting the base section of a building since the concentration of sulphate increases from the inner to the outer layer at the expense of the carbonate. The absence of sulphite indicates a direct formation of sulphate, possibly due to the catalytic effect of heavy metals present in the carbonaceous particles of the black crust. Insoluble sulphates, such as ettringite, do not form at the surface, but within a deeper layer of the basement due to its instability to atmospheric carbon dioxide. © 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/53367

Recycling rubble from building demolition in structural concrete production
WasteEng'08 2nd International Conference on Engineering for Waste Valorisation
Autore/i: Corinaldesi, Valeria; Moriconi, G; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Engineering for Waste Valorisation, Patras, Greece, June 3-5, 2008
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/51619

Diagnosis of surface damage on cement built heritage: the Centennial Hall, Poland
9th International Congress on Heritage and building Conservation
Autore/i: Sabbioni, C; Ozga, I; Bonazza, A; Favoni, O; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/43266

Miglioramento delle prestazioni di materiali cementizi capaci di ridurre la concentrazione di gas serra
Relazione sul 1° anno di attività (Progetto Prisma 07-INSTM),
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 5 Altro
Abstract: Project Coordinator: Francesca Tittarelli - UdR Università Politecnica delle Marche, Local Coordinator: Luca Bertolini - UdR Milano Politecnico
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/48255

Caratterizzazione della wash stone di risulta dal trattamento dei tessuti per un possibile riutilizzo nei materiali da costruzione
9° Convegno Nazionale AIMAT
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Moriconi, G.
Editore: Ziino
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/43023

Effectiveness of flexible polymer-cement coatings and hydrophobic admixtures against corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete
XIIth International Congress on polymers in ConcreteICPIC 2007
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, G.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/47334

La pietra artificiale: prestazioni e sostenibilità
COSTRUIRE IN "PIETRA" fra innovazione e tradizione
Autore/i: Moriconi, Giacomo; Tittarelli, Francesca; Corinaldesi, Valeria
Editore: Luciano Editore
Luogo di pubblicazione: NAPOLI
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Atti International Conference and Exhibition - CITTAM 2007, Napoli, 22-23 febbraio 2007.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/50664

Effect of GRP industrial waste on durability of cement mortars
Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, Giacomo
Editore: Taylor & Francis / Balkema
Luogo di pubblicazione: London
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Certain durability aspects of sustainable mortars manufactured by the addition of Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) industrial waste have been investigated. Mechanical and porosimetric characterization, water absorption and shrinkage measurements were carried out on cement mortars manufactured by replacing 0 % - 10 % - 15 % - 20 % of the aggregate volume with GRP waste. An increase in porosity (25 %) and, consequently, a decrease in mechanical strength (up to 40 % depending on the addition rate), as well as higher deformability, were detected on the mortars manufactured by GRP waste addition. Moreover, unexpectedly, capillary water absorption and drying shrinkage of GRP mortars resulted in significantly lower values (70 % and 50 %, respectively) than those of the reference mortar manufactured without GRP addition. This decrease could involve enhanced durability, even if only in a supporting role.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/58606

Corrosion behaviour of galvanized steel rebars in the presence of coating discontinuities
European Federation of Corrosion Publications Number 38Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete Mechanism, monitoring, inhibitors and rehabilitation techniques
Autore/i: Bellezze, Tiziano; Fratesi, Romeo; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: Woodhead Publishing Limited
Luogo di pubblicazione: CAMBRIDGE
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/50367

Effectiveness of Surface or Bulk Hydrophobic Treatments in Cementitious Materials
Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement (ICCC 2007)
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Moriconi, G.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/47292

Deterioration of a cement plaster in a 20th century building exposed to urban atmospheric pollutants
Epitome Geoitalia 2007
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Bonazza, A; Favoni, O; Gobbi, G; Moriconi, G.
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/43220