259 pubblicazioni classificate nel seguente modo:

Implementation of a non‑destructive method to assess weathering deterioration of sandstones in cultural heritage
BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Mammoliti, Elisa; Cupido, Marta; Teloni, Riccardo; Tittarelli, Francesca; Giuli, Gabriele; Paris, Eleonora; Farabollini, Piero; Santini, Stefano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper proposes a non-destructive approach based on the Equotip hardness tester to assess weathering deterioration in a protected sandstone monument located in the historic centre of Camerino (Italy). The approach is tested on one sandstone column, where various forms of weathering, such as discolouration, scaling and loss of stone volume, are observed. The mechanical characterisation with Equotip was performed on 24 measuring points, systematically distributed in the column. Innovatively, the two probes available from Proceq (Proceq© 2010) were used to assess differences among surface and in-depth hardness values of the column. In addition, an un-weathered rock core from the original extraction site was also analysed and compared with the rock matrix of the column. The obtained results show a 15% hardness reduction from depth to the surface of the column and a 25% overall hardness reduction with respect to the fresh sandstone core samples. Equotip results were coupled with grain size analyses, mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry results, and a correlation between hardness and grain size was evaluated. By combining these approaches, it was possible to identify the processes that occurred during weathering: (a) freeze-thaw cycles that caused a decrease in micropore volume and an increase in macropores connected with low Equotip values; (b) iron oxide and sulphuric acid released from pyrite oxidation contribute to the dissolution and precipitation of calcium carbonate, which can be rearranged in the outer and surface macroporosity. The quantitative approach proposed in this study may be a valid low-cost and quick tool to assess weathering heterogeneities on building stone materials and to provide insights for effective preservation strategies of historical monuments.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/327741

Waste-Valorized Nanowebs for Crystal Violet Removal from Water
SMALL SCIENCE
Autore/i: Maqbool, Qaisar; Cavallini, Isabella; Lasemi, Niusha; Sabbatini, Simona; Tittarelli, Francesca; Rupprechter, Gunther
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Lightweight, metal-free, sustainable, and reusable adsorbent materials are of paramount significance in addressing the challenges of wastewater treatment. Accordingly, semi-crystalline nanocellulose (NC) is extracted from tissue paper waste and used to modify polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to produce electrospun nanowebs with strand diameters from ≈180–300 nm. The incorporation of NC into PAN is confirmed by infrared and Raman spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. When tested for crystal violet (CV) adsorption, NC-modified PAN (20% NC@PAN) exhibits the highest CV removal capacity, achieving 91–94% removal over three cycles each, demonstrating exceptional recyclability. In contrast, unmodified PAN significantly decreases in CV adsorption capacity (from 59% to 48% in the third cycle), possibly due to an increased (≈36%) nanofiber diameter. The adsorption kinetics, exhibiting pseudo-second order, interparticle (in between nanofibers) diffusion, and Elovich kinetic models emphasize the role of multilayer CV adsorption through reversible chemical interactions. Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy unveils a multifaceted CV adsorption mechanism, suggesting both surface and multilayer diffusion, with NC-enhancing interactions. These findings demonstrate the potential of NC-modified PAN nanowebs as effective and environmentally sustainable adsorbents for removing CV from aqueous solutions, suggesting promising practical applications.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/326631

In the Direction of an Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Monitoring Platform for Concrete Structures
SENSORS
Autore/i: Cosoli, Gloria; Calcagni, Maria Teresa; Salerno, Giovanni; Mancini, Adriano; Narang, Gagan; Galdelli, Alessandro; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca; Revel, Gian Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In a seismic context, it is fundamental to deploy distributed sensor networks for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Indeed, regularly gathering data from a structure/infrastructure gives insight on the structural health status, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies can help in exploiting this information to generate early warnings useful for decision-making purposes. With a perspective of developing a remote monitoring platform for the built environment in a seismic context, the authors tested self-sensing concrete beams in loading tests, focusing on the measured electrical impedance. The formed cracks were objectively assessed through a vision-based system. Also, a comparative analysis of AI-based and statistical prediction methods, including Prophet, ARIMA, and SARIMAX, was conducted for predicting electrical impedance. Results show that the real part of electrical impedance is highly correlated with the applied load (Pearson’s correlation coefficient > 0.9); hence, the piezoresistive ability of the manufactured specimens has been confirmed. Concerning prediction methods, the superiority of the Prophet model over statistical techniques was demonstrated (Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE < 1.00%). Thus, the exploitation of electrical impedance sensors, vision-based systems, and AI technologies can be significant to enhance SHM and maintenance needs prediction in the built environment.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/326185

Mechanical strength of alkali activated mortars containing copper mine tailings and metakaolin
Materiali innovativi per uno sviluppo sostenibile: dal laboratorio alle applicazioni
Autore/i: Blasi, E.; Maqbool, Q.; Mobili, A.; Tittarelli, F.
Editore: Associazione PUGLIA MIA
Luogo di pubblicazione: Bari
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/312240

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE USE OF ALKALI-ACTIVATED, LIME-BASED AND CEMENTITIOUS MATRICES FOR FRCM APPLICATIONS
XVII Convegno Nazionale AIMAT 2023
Autore/i: Donnini, Jacopo; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca; Corinaldesi, Valeria
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/317215

Development and metrological characterization of cement-based elements with self-sensing capabilities for structural health monitoring purposes
ACTA IMEKO
Autore/i: Cosoli, Gloria; Mobili, Alessandra; Blasi, Elisa; Tittarelli, Francesca; Martarelli, Milena; Revel, Gian Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Mortar specimens containing conductive additions (i.e., biochar and recycled carbon fibres – both alone and together, and graphene nanoplatelets) were characterized from a metrological point of view. Their piezoresistive capability was evaluated, exploiting the 4-electrode Wenner’s method to measure electrical impedance in alternating current (AC); in this way, both material and electrode-material polarization issues were avoided. The selected mix-design was used to manufacture scaled concrete beams serving as demonstrators. Additionally, FEM-based models were realized for a preliminary analysis of the modal parameters that will be investigated through impact tests conducted after different loading tests, simulating potential seismic effects. The results show that the combined use of recycled carbon fibers and biochar provide the best performance in terms of piezoresistivity (with a sensitivity of 0.109 (μm/m)-1 vs 0.003 (μm/m)-1 of reference mortar). Conductive additions improve the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and increase the material electrical conductivity, providing suitable tools to develop a distributed sensor network for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Such a monitoring system could be exploited to enhance the resilience of strategic structures and infrastructures towards natural hazards. A homogeneous distribution of conductive additions during casting is fundamental to enhance the measurement repeatability. In fact, both concrete intrinsic properties and curing effect (hydration phenomena, increasing electrical impedance) cause a high variability.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/319071

Rehabilitation project of Quang Tri Old Citadel in Vietnam: integrated analytical approach from material characterization to architectural heritage valorization
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Autore/i: Carlorosi, Cecilia; Giosue, Chiara; Anh Le Ngoc, Van; Mobili, Alessandra; Pugnaloni, Fausto; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper presents the outcomes of the international project “Protecting Landscape Heritage: a requalification project as an instrument for the re-birth of Quang Tri Old Citadel in Vietnam”, achieved with scientific cooperation between the Universita Politecnica delle Marche (Italy) and Hue University of Sciences (Vietnam) funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam. The research focuses on the Quang Tri Citadel, founded in 1809 and now in an advanced state of degradation.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/292810

Properties of an innovative multi-functional finish for the improvement of indoor air quality
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Pierpaoli, Mattia; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Citterio, Barbara; Mangiaterra, Gianmarco; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Due to lifestyle changes, people spend most of their time indoors at present; thus, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a matter of utmost importance. Multi-functional and innovative finishes can help to passively improve the IAQ, benefitting the health and comfort of occupants. For this study, reference and pre-mixed commercial mortars are compared to a new multi-functional hydraulic lime mortar for indoor finishes, in which conventional aggregates are substituted by a highly porous adsorbent material and biomass waste ashes. The up to 20% higher accessible porosity of the multi-functional finish led to lower density (30%), higher thermal insulation properties (30%), higher water vapor permeability (more than 40%), and improved moisture buffering capacity (three times higher), when compared to the reference mortar. Different types of photocatalytic agents (TiO2) were also added into the new multi-functional hydraulic lime mortar, in order to investigate their effect on the de-polluting properties of the finish. Even if the photocatalytic efficiency remained unexpressed under indoor conditions, due to the predominance of the adsorption process, the de-polluting properties of the new mix were more than 30% higher than that of the reference mortar. The obtained results confirm that the developed innovative multifunctional finish—besides fulfilling the ordinary requirements—is better than commercial mortars, as it can improve the IAQ passively, thus benefitting the health and comfort of occupants.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311868

Operando monitoring of a room temperature nanocomposite methanol sensor
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Autore/i: Maqbool, Qaisar; Yigit, Nevzat; Stöger-Pollachc, Michael; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca; Rupprechter, Günther
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The sensing of volatile organic compounds by composites containing metal oxide semiconductors is typically explained via adsorption-desorption and surface electrochemical reactions changing the sensor´s resistance. The analysis of molecular processes on chemiresistive gas sensors is often based on indirect evidence, whereas in situ or operando studies monitoring the gas/surface interactions enable a direct insight. Here we report a cross-disciplinary approach employing spectroscopy of working sensors to investigate room temperature methanol detection, contrasting well-characterized nanocomposite (TiO2@rGO-NC) and reduced-graphene oxide (rGO) sensors. Methanol interactions with the sensors were examined by (quasi) operando-DRIFTS and in situ-ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, the first paralleled by simultaneous measurements of resistance. The sensing mechanism was also studied by mass spectroscopy (MS), revealing the surface electrochemical reactions. The operando and in situ spectroscopies demonstrated that the sensing mechanism on the nanocomposite relies on the combined effect of methanol reversible physisorption and irreversible chemisorption, sensor modification over time, and electron/O2 depletion-restoration due to a surface electrochemical reaction forming CO2 and H2O.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/309081

Biochar and recycled carbon fibres as additions for low-resistive cement-based composites exposed to accelerated degradation
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Mobili, A.; Cosoli, G.; Giulietti, N.; Chiariotti, P.; Bellezze, T.; Pandarese, G.; Revel, G. M.; Tittarelli, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Biochar (BCH) and recycled carbon fibres (RCF) were used as carbonaceous additions in low-resistive mortars/concretes. Their effects on mechanical, electrical, and durability properties were investigated. Tests were performed both during curing and accelerated degradation. The combined use of RCF and BCH decreased the electrical impedance of cement-based matrices, enabling the use of low-cost monitoring instrumentation, and improved their mechanical performance. Recycled carbon fibres and biochar additions increased carbonation and capillary water absorption but acting as a barrier they made water and chlorides penetrate less deeply.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/312647

A monitoring platform for the built environment: towards the development of an early warning system in a seismic context
2023 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Living Environment
Autore/i: Mancini, Adriano; Violini, Luca; Blasi, Elisa; Cosoli, Gloria; Pandarese, Giuseppe; Tittarelli, Francesca; Mobili, Alessandra; Galdelli, Alessandro; Revel, Gian Marco
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a monitoring, system for the built environment based on electrical impedance sensors, together with the development of an early warning system to support decision-making processes in a seismic context. In particular, preliminary data were collected on mortar specimens embedding stainless-steel electrodes for the periodic measurement of electrical impedance. Hence, these data were exploited to train a Neural Prophet-based deep learning model for the prediction of the electrical impedance module. Indeed, this quantity can provide a lot of information about the health status of the monitored structures. The results can be exploited for the development of an early warning system supporting decision-making strategies for the building management. The model can predict the trend of electrical impedance with acceptable accuracy (MAPE <2%); hence, the monitoring platform can provide information suitable for the development of an early warning system.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/317213

Damage Identification in Cement-Based Structures: A Method Based on Modal Curvatures and Continuous Wavelet Transform
SENSORS
Autore/i: Cosoli, Gloria; Martarelli, Milena; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca; Revel, Gian Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Modal analysis is an effective tool in the context of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) since the dynamic characteristics of cement-based structures reflect the structural health status of the material itself. The authors consider increasing level load tests on concrete beams and propose a methodology for damage identification relying on the computation of modal curvatures combined with continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to highlight damage-related changes. Unlike most literature studies, in the present work, no numerical models of the undamaged structure were exploited. Moreover, the authors defined synthetic damage indices depicting the status of a structure. The results show that the I mode shape is the most sensitive to damages; indeed, considering this mode, damages cause a decrease of natural vibration frequency (up to approximately −67%), an increase of loss factor (up to approximately fivefold), and changes in the mode shapes morphology (a cuspid appears). The proposed damage indices are promising, even if the level of damage is not clearly distinguishable, probably because tests were performed after the load removal. Further investigations are needed to scale the methodology to in-field applications.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/324657

Commercial and recycled carbon-based fillers and fibers for self-sensing cement-based composites: Comparison of mechanical strength, durability, and piezoresistive behavior
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Bellezze, Tiziano; Cachim, Paulo B.; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The possible use of industrial by-products as carbon-based fillers and/or fibers to produce Multifunctional Cement-based Composites (MCC) with piezoresistive behavior for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) was investigated. As fillers, Used Foundry Sand (UFS) and Gasification Char (GCH) were compared with commercial Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP). As fibers, 6 mm long recycled carbon fibers (RCF) were compared with virgin ones. Mortars were tested in terms of mechanical strength, water absorption, microstructure, and piezoresistive behavior. UFS and GCH are more effective than GNP in decreasing the mortar electrical resistivity (− 30%), total porosity (− 11%), water absorption (− 27%) and in increasing the compressive strength (+10%). The combination of UFS with RCF in mortars provides the best results in terms of fluidity, strength, water absorption, and piezoresistive parameters. Generally, a lower mortar resistivity, even if with lower piezoresistivity properties, allows the use of cheaper instrumentation for SHM, thanks to the lower full scale and the better correlation strength between the change in resistivity with strain.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/317211

New Materials and Technologies for Durability and Conservation of Building Heritage
MATERIALS
Autore/i: Coppola, Luigi; Bellezze, Tiziano; Belli, Alberto; Bianco, Alessandra; Blasi, Elisa; Cappello, Miriam; Caputo, Domenico; Chougan, Mehdi; Coffetti, Denny; Coppola, Bartolomeo; Corinaldesi, Valeria; D’Amore, Alberto; Daniele, Valeria; Di Maio, Luciano; Di Palma, Luca; Donnini, Jacopo; Ferrara, Giuseppe; Filippi, Sara; Gastaldi, Matteo; Generosi, Nicola; Giosuè, Chiara; Incarnato, Loredana; Lamastra, Francesca; Liguori, Barbara; Macera, Ludovico; Maqbool, Qaisar; Cristina Mascolo, Maria; Mavilia, Letterio; Mazzoli, Alida; Medici, Franco; Mobili, Alessandra; Montesperelli, Giampiero; Pia, Giorgio; Redaelli, Elena; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Scarfato, Paola; Taglieri, Giuliana; Tittarelli, Francesca; Tulliani, Jean-Marc; Valenza, Antonino
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The increase in concrete structures’ durability is a milestone to improve the sustainability of buildings and infrastructures. In order to ensure a prolonged service life, it is necessary to detect the deterioration of materials by means of monitoring systems aimed at evaluating not only the penetration of aggressive substances into concrete but also the corrosion of carbon-steel reinforcement. Therefore, proper data collection makes it possible to plan suitable restoration works which can be carried out with traditional or innovative techniques and materials. This work focuses on building heritage and it highlights the most recent findings for the conservation and restoration of reinforced concrete structures and masonry buildings.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/311867

EVALUATION OF THE METROLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF SELF-SENSING MORTAR SPECIMENS CONTAINING CARBON-BASED CONDUCTIVE ADDITIONS
Atti del VI Forum Nazionale delle Misure
Autore/i: Cosoli, G.; Mobili, A.; Blasi, E.; Tittarelli, F.; Martarelli, M.; Revel, G. M.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/312241

Experimental evaluation of natural hydraulic lime renders with nanoclay and nanolime to protect raw earth building surfaces
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Autore/i: Stazi, Francesca; Pierandrei, Nicola; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In this study Natural Hydraulic Lime (NHL) was combined with clay and lime, the main cementitious materials used in ancient buildings, to develop a new render more suitable for applications on raw earth substrates. Nanoclay and nanolime have been separately added to a commercial NHL-based ready-mixed powder. Pure and nano-additivated NHL renders have been compared in terms of microstructure (by SEM and mercury porosimetry), mechanical performance (by dynamic elastic modulus, flexural and compressive strength tests), adhesion to the substrate (by shear strength and pull-off tests), erosion resistance (by pressure spray test), and thermo-hygrometric performance (by water absorption and thermal conductivity tests). The obtained results demonstrate that both nanoparticles increase the water absorption and decrease the mechanical properties of the render but enhance the adhesion with the earthen support and the protection against water erosion. Among the two nanoparticles, the addition of nanoclay was found to be preferable since it gives to the render the highest mechanical compatibility with the underlying layer and the best durability against erosion.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/307183

Cement-Based Composites in Structural Health Monitoring
Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Mobili, Alessandra; Chiariotti, Paolo; Cosoli, Gloria; Giulietti, Nicola; Belli, Alberto; Pandarese, Giuseppe; Bellezze, Tiziano; Revel, Gian Marco
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Concrete infrastructures, essential for the economic development of populations, require inspection and maintenance interventions to guarantee their functionality over time. These inspections are typically scheduled on a periodic basis but may not be sufficient to prevent the onset of deteriorations. When these problems occur, extraordinary maintenance operations shall be carried out, causing inconvenience to users and additional costs to normal management ones. The continuous monitoring of the infrastructures durability allows a paradigm shift in their management, allowing the transition from programmatic maintenance to the implementation of predictive maintenance strategies, with a consequent increase in the safety of the structures as well as a reduction in management costs. This work aims to provide a brief overview of continuous monitoring systems for concrete structures developed by Università Politecnica delle Marche, with particular focus on methods based on free corrosion potential measurement and electrical impedance spectroscopy
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/304781

Soil fertility in slash and burn agricultural systems in central Mozambique
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Autore/i: Serrani, Dominique; Cocco, Stefania; Cardelli, Valeria; D’Ottavio, Paride; Rafael, ROGERIO BORGUETE ALVES; Feniasse, Domingos; Vilanculos, Alcídio; Luisa Fernandez-Marcos, Maria; Giosue, Chiara; Tittarelli, Francesca; Corti, Giuseppe
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Slash and burn is a land use practice widespread all over the world, and nowadays it is formally recognized as the principal livelihood system in rural areas of South America, Asia, and Africa. The practice consists of a land rotation where users cut native or secondary forest to establish a new crop field and, in some cases, build charcoal kilns with the cut wood to produce charcoal. Due to several socio-economic changes in developing countries, some scientists and international organizations have questioned the sustainability of slash and burn since in some cases, crop yield does not justify the soil degradation caused. To estimate the soil quality in agricultural and forest soils at different ages of the forest-fallow period (25, 35, and 50 years), this survey investigated rural areas in three locations in Manica province, central Mozambique: Vanduzi, Sussundenga, and Macate. Soil profiles were trenched and sampled with a pedological approach under crop fields and forest-fallow. The chronosequence was selected to test the hypothesis that the increase in forest-fallow age causes an improvement of soil fertility. Results highlighted discrete variations among locations in mineralogy, Al- and Feoxyhydroxides, sand, silt, pH, total organic carbon, humic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, chloride, nitrate, fluoride, and ammonium. Few differences in mineralogy, Fe-oxyhydroxides, available P, chloride, and nitrate were detected between crop fields and forest-fallow within the same location. Such differences were mostly ascribed to intrinsic fertility inherited from the parent material rather than a longer forest-fallow period. However, physicochemical soil property improvement did not occur under a forest age of 50 years (the longest forest-fallow considered), indicating that harmonization of intrinsic fertility and agronomic practices may increase soil organic matter and nutrient contents more than a long forest-fallow period.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/305842

Self-sensing mortars with recycled carbon-based fillers and fibers
Recent Advances in Concrete Technology and Sustainability Issues
Autore/i: Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Bellezze, Tiziano; Cachim, Paulo B.; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: American Concrete Institute SP-255
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: This work investigates the potential of recycled carbon-based materials, obtained from industrial by-products, for the production of Multifunctional Cement-based Composites (MCC) with self-sensing behavior, usable in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems. As recycled materials, Used Foundry Sand (UFS) and Recycled Carbon Fibers (RCF) have been chosen, whereas Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP) and Virgin Carbon Fibers (VCF) have been selected as reference industrial fillers and fibers, respectively. Their effects on OPC-based mortars have been tested in terms of mechanical strength (compressive, flexural), durability (water absorption), microstructure (porosity), electrical and piezoresistive behavior (resistivity in static and under-load conditions). The results show that the combination of recycled fillers-fibers gives the best results in terms of workability, microstructure, strength, and durability. The worst compressive performances obtained with GNP are related to its hydrophobicity and the related problems in mixing. On the other hand, mixtures with UFS show a low electrical conductivity, but a high sensitivity to deformation (electrical strain-sensing). High-carbon by-products could be a functional, low-cost, and eco-friendly solution to produce high-performance and conductive concretes for self-monitoring systems.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/304780

New waste-derived TiO2 nanoparticles as a potential photocatalytic additive for lime based indoor finishings
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
Autore/i: Maqbool, Qaisar; Czerwinska, Natalia; Giosue', Chiara; Sabbatini, Simona; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Production of sustainable nanomaterials (NMs) through the valorization of heterogeneous wastes is of high importance due to escalating environmental sustainability and depletion of natural resources. Following this motive, in this paper, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were green-synthesized (GS) using metal ions reducing potential of secondary metabolites from organic waste (i.e., autumn leaves). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that GS TiO2-NPs as pure anatase for crystalline fraction, with homogenous granulometry ranging between 12 and 26 nm in size, and crystallite size as small as 3.85 (±0.02) nm are achieved. The effect of carbon-content (modifier) on the structural and surface chemistry of tested TiO2-NPs were deeply investigated through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetry analysis (TG/DTG/DTA). The GS TiO2-NPs have shown photocatalytic (NO)x degradation of around 30% and 18% under UV and visible-light respectively, 10% and 70% higher than that of two commercial TiO2-NPs, P-25 and KRONOS-7404, respectively. Based on the leading performance, GS TiO2-NPs were further tested as an additive to an indoor hydraulic-lime based finishing material to augment its photocatalytic properties. Interestingly, GS TiO2-NPs were able to maintain (NO)x photodegradation (≈11%) performance even at an extremely small concentration of <2 wt%. Hence, waste-mediated production of ecofriendly GS TiO2-NPs introduced in this study will help for next-generation photocatalytic indoor finishing materials.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/305843

Transformation of industrial and organic waste into titanium doped activated carbon – cellulose nanocomposite for rapid removal of organic pollutants
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Autore/i: Maqbool, Qaisar; Barucca, Gianni; Sabbatini, Simona; Parlapiano, Marco; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Production of cost-efficient composite materials with desired physicochemical properties from low-cost waste material is much needed to meet the growing needs of the industrial sector. As a step forward, the current study reports for the first time an effective utilization of industrial metal (inorganic) waste as well as fall leaves (organic waste), to produce three types of nanomaterials at the same time; “Titanium Doped Activated Carbon Nanostructures (Ti-ACNs)”, “Nanocellulose (NCel)”, and combination of both “Titanium Doped Activated Carbon Cellulose Nanocomposite (Ti-AC-Cel-NC)”. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and microanalysis (EDXS) measurements reveal that the Ti-ACNs material is formed by Ti-nanostructures, generally poorly crystalized but in some cases forming hexagonal Ti-crystallites of 15 nm, embedded in mutated graphene clouds. Micro- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) confirms that the chemical structure of NCel with bond vibrations between 1035 to 2917 cm 1 remained preserved during Ti-AC-Cel-NC formation. The prepared materials (Ti-ACNs, Ti-AC-Cel-NC) have demonstrated rapid removal of organic pollutants (Crystal Violet, Methyl Violet) from wastewater through surface adsorption and photocatalysis. In the first 20 min, Ti-ACNs have adsorbed ≈87% of the organic pollutants and further photocatalyzed them up to ≈96%. When Ti-ACNs are combined with NCel, their efficiency is increased of about four times. This performance originates from the adsorption by mutated graphene-like carbon and assisted photocatalysis by Ti nanostructures as well as the good supporting capacity of NCel for the homogenous Ti-ACNs distribution.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/291730

Effect of Gasification Char and Recycled Carbon Fibres on the Electrical Impedance of Concrete Exposed to Accelerated Degradation
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Cosoli, Gloria; Giulietti, Nicola; Chiariotti, Paolo; Pandarese, Giuseppe; Bellezze, Tiziano; Revel, Gian Marco; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper aims to evaluate the effect of carbon-based conductive recycled additions, i.e., recycled carbon fibres (RCF) and gasification char (GCH), on the mechanical, electrical, and durability properties of concretes. The obtained results show that the compressive strength of concrete is not affected by conductive additions, whereas electrical impedance, measured according to Wenner’s method, is significantly reduced (6%, 30% and 74% with RCF, GCH, and their combination, respectively) to the advantage of self-sensing properties. As durability is concerned, conductive additions slightly increase capillary water absorption, whereas they decrease chloride ingress through diffusion and do not significantly modify carbonation resistance.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/295207

Use of gasification char and recycled carbon fibres for sustainable and durable low-resistivity cement-based composites
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Cosoli, Gloria; Bellezze, Tiziano; Revel, Gian Marco; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In this paper, a newly developed cement and two recycled carbon-based materials, namely gasification char (GCH) and recycled carbon fibres (RCF), were used to manufacture new sustainable and low-resistivity cement-based composites. GCH was added at 0.5% and 1.0%, whereas RCF at 0.2%, on the total mortar volume. Microstructural, mechanical, electrical, and durability properties were studied. Results show that both additions decrease the electrical resistivity of mortars up to 90%, without impairing their mechanical properties. Moreover, they slightly reduce drying shrinkage and capillary water absorption of mortars, by decreasing total porosity and the average pore diameter, for the benefit of durability.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/295728

Corrosion behaviour of galvanized steel in cement- and geopolymer-based concrete: a review on scientific work at the Polytechnic University of Marche
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Autore/i: Bellezze, Tiziano; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Hot-dip galvanized steel rebars are effective to increase the durability of reinforced construction materials, based on traditional cement and on recently studied alkali-activated binders, such as geopolymers. Instead of steel reinforcements, galvanized reinforcements in concrete are protected by calcium hydroxyzincate (CaHZn) layer, which, under carbonation, transforms into a less protective hydrozincite (HZ), but corrosion resistant layer. In the case of chlorides ingress, the threshold for localized corrosion initiation is at least three times higher for galvanized rebars than for steel rebars: 1.3 wt% vs 0.4 wt%, respectively, with respect to the weight of cement. Therefore, galvanized rebars increase considerably the durability of reinforced concrete structures, without significantly impairing construction costs. Concerning geopolymers, the matrix is more alkaline than the traditional cementitious ones and the scarce presence of calcium ions cannot guarantee the protection of galvanized steel by CaHZn. Actually, also in these conditions, galvanized steel passivates even if with a certain delay (4-7 days) from the cast, by the formation of ZnO passive layer. In particular, geopolymers obtained by fly ash slow the ingress of chlorides, protecting the reinforcements, if galvanized, from a penetrating localized corrosion of Zn-Fe alloys.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/290023

Durability benefits of galvanized steel in reinforced concrete under different exposure conditions
Capacity Assessment of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Structure
Autore/i: Bellezze, Tiziano; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: Collegio dei Tecnici della Industrializzazione Edilizia (cte) and Fédération International du Béton (fib)
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: This paper is a short review of the work performed for many years at the Polytechnic University of Marche on the use of hot-dip galvanized steel rebars in reinforced concrete, for increasing its durability without significantly impairing the installation costs. Corrosion research was done in traditional cementitious matrixes and in geopolymeric ones. Compared to black steel rebars, these studies clearly show that passivation of galvanized steel ones plays a key role on their protection, when exposed to severe conditions: contamination of chlorides (higher concentration thresholds before the onset of localized corrosion) and/or carbonation (formation of a new passive layer).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294887

Continuous monitoring of the health status of cement-based structures: electrical impedance measurements and remote monitoring solutions
ACTA IMEKO
Autore/i: Giulietti, Nicola; Chiariotti, Paolo; Cosoli, Gloria; Giacometti, Giovanni; Violini, Luca; Mobili, Alessandra; Pandarese, Giuseppe; Tittarelli, Francesca; Revel, Gian Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The continuous monitoring of cement-based structures and infrastructures is fundamental to optimize their service life and reduce maintenance costs. In the framework of the EnDurCrete project (GA no. 760639), a remote monitoring system based on electrical impedance measurements was developed. Electrical impedance is measured according to the Wenner’s method, using 4-electrode arrays embedded in concrete during casting, selecting alternating current as excitation, to avoid the polarization of both electrode/material interface and of material itself. With this measurement, it is possible to promptly identify events related to contaminants ingress or damages (e.g. cracks formation). Conductive additions are included in some elements to enhance signal-to-noise ratio, as well as the self-sensing properties of concrete. Specifically, a distributed sensor network was implemented, consisting of measurement nodes installed in the elements to be monitored, then connected to a central hub (RS-232 protocol). Nodes are realized with an embedded unit for electrical impedance measurements (EVAL-AD5940BIOZ board with AD5940 chip, by Analog Device) and a digital thermometer (DS18B20 by Maxim Integrated), enclosed in cabinets filled with an IP68 gel against moist-related problems. Data are available on a Cloud through Wi-Fi network or LTE modem, hence can be accessed remotely via a use-friendly multi-platform interface.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294402

Cellulosic materials recovery from municipal wastewater: from treatment plants to the market
Clean Energy and Resource Recovery: waste water treatments plants as biorefineries
Autore/i: Akyol, Cagri; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Cipolletta, Giulia; Bruni, Cecilia; Foglia, Alessia; Giosue', Chiara; Frison, Nicola; Tittarelli, Francesca; Canestrari, Francesco; Fatone, Francesco
Editore: Elsevier
Luogo di pubblicazione: Amserdam
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: IntroductionCellulose is the most abundant available biopolymer (up to 1011 t/annum production) with a high molecular weight (Kumar et al., 2020 ). Cellulose is a long linear polysaccharide polymer consisting of β-1,4-linked glucose units (C5H8O4)m, and exhibits in structural cell wall tissues of all higher plans and some algae, while some bacteria also excrete cellulose. Considering the increasing demand for lignocellulosic raw materials in a huge number of industries, undervalued side streams with a high potential should be well utilized in order to embrace a more circular economy approach that reduces waste and allows for the continual use and re-use of resources (Keijsers et al., 2013; Puyol et al., 2017). For thousands of years, mankind process cellulose derived from plants in the production of pulp, paper, and derivatives. With the adoption of toilet paper in modern societies, cellulose fibers became a primary insoluble substrate entering wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In the last decade, cellulose recovery from wastewater has become a topic of interest which has attracted a remarkable attention leading to considerable investments (Palmieri et al., 2019; Ruiken et al., 2013). By introducing a microsieving (mesh size <350 μm) downstream of the coarse sieving, it is possible to recover the cellulose from cellulosic primary sludge (CPS; Gherghel et al., 2019). In a wastewater treatment scheme, sieving is a mechanical method often used to remove solid particles. A significant part of the sieved material includes cellulosic fibers (approx. 30–50%), which mainly originates from toilet papers (Espíndola et al., 2021) together with a minor contribution of clothes, fruits, and vegetables. This is a very significant amount since approximately 10 kg toilet paper is used on average per person each year. This number varies greatly, and it is location dependent. For instance, the average toilet paper use in the United States is 22.68 kg/capita year, which translates into more than 2 × 104 ton of toilet paper entering WWTPs daily, assuming that at least 90% of toilet paper is flushed after use. Meanwhile, although the annual consumption of toilet paper per capita is considerably lower in China (i.e., 2.9 kg/capita year), the total amount of toilet paper entering WWTPs is also significant because of its vast number of consumers (Li et al., 2020). Recovering and further adding value to these cellulosic fibers can easily contribute to the sustainability of wastewater treatment processes with the possibility of generating new eco-efficient products while requiring less energy and cost for water reclamation (Mussatto and Loosdrecht, 2016). Then, recovered cellulose can be processed into various value added molecules, building bioblocks, bioplastics, and flocculants (Glińska et al., 2020).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/294041

Automated measurement system for detecting carbonation depth: Image-processing based technique applied to concrete sprayed with phenolphthalein
MEASUREMENT
Autore/i: Giulietti, N.; Chiariotti, P.; Cosoli, G.; Mobili, A.; Pandarese, G.; Tittarelli, F.; Revel, G. M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper aims at discussing an automated measurement system for detecting carbonation depth in concrete sprayed with phenolphthalein. Image processing and Convolutional Neural Networks strategies are exploited to accurately separate the carbonated and non-carbonated areas and to remove those aggregates on the carbonation front that could bring to a wrong evaluation of the carbonation depth. Very strong correlation (R2 = 0.96) is found between results provided by the proposed approach and the method suggested by the EN 13295 standard. The expanded uncertainty (coverage factor k = 2) of this novel approach is 0.08 mm. ANOVA analysis performed in multi-operator tests proved that the highest source of uncertainty is the measurement system, which, on the other hand, is robust to changes in the operator performing the measurement.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/287929

Investigation of Building Materials Belonging to the Ruins of the Tsogt Palace in Mongolia
HERITAGE
Autore/i: Sardella, Alessandro; Canevarolo, Sonia; Marrocchino, Elena; Tittarelli, Francesca; Bonazza, Alessandra
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This work focuses on the characterisation of the heritage building materials (plasters, mortars, bricks and glazed tiles) of the Tsogt Palace’s ruins located in the Bulgan Province of Mongolia. In addition, contribution is also given to a preliminary evaluation of their state of conservation in consideration of the climate conditions to which the site is exposed. To accomplish the objectives, information on the climate and historical context have been acquired. A set of analytical methodologies has been applied on the seventeen samples collected: Polarized Light (PLM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRPD), Raman spectroscopy and Ion Chromatography (IC). The data obtained allowed us to achieve a mineralogical and petrographic characterisation of the samples, underlining the nature of the binder in mortars and plasters, the type of clay used as raw material for bricks and tile, their hypothetical firing temperature and the aggregate composition. Moreover, it was also possible to identify the colouring coating typology in tiles and their process of production. Regarding the state of conservation, the principal deterioration phenomena affecting the site due to environmental impact can be also hypothesised, even though major studies are necessary for an exhaustive assessment.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/292031

Performance of concretes manufactured with newly developed low-clinker cements exposed to water and chlorides: Characterization by means of electrical impedance measurements
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Cosoli, G.; Mobili, A.; Giulietti, N.; Chiariotti, P.; Pandarese, G.; Tittarelli, F.; Bellezze, T.; Mikanovic, N.; Revel, G. M.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper discusses the electrical impedance behaviour, measured according to the Wenner’s method, of three different concrete mixes during accelerated degradation tests. Being a first attempt to move from laboratory to in-field applications targeted to long-term monitoring, the same electrode array configuration and set-up (AC current at 10 kHz) is used. Results show that electrical impedance decreases down to 24% in capillary water absorption tests, 77% and 86% in salt-spray chamber and wet/dry cycles with 3.5% NaCl solution, respectively. The two new low-clinker cements adopted seem to improve the measurement sensitivity towards contaminants ingress with respect to the commercial one (reference).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/295120

Gasification Char and Used Foundry Sand as Alternative Fillers to Graphene Nanoplatelets for Electrically Conductive Mortars with and without Virgin/Recycled Carbon Fibres
APPLIED SCIENCES
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Bellezze, Tiziano; Revel, Gian Marco; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Structural health monitoring to assess the safety, durability and performance of structures can be performed by non-destructive methods such as the measurement of impedance in self-sensing cement-based elements. Cement-based materials, like mortars and concretes, generally have high electrical resistivity but the addition of carbon-based fillers and fibres decreases their electrical resistivity and thus enhances their self-sensing capabilities. In this study, two waste carbon-based fillers, namely, used foundry sand and gasification char were compared to commercial graphene nanoplatelets and used to produce self-sensing cement mortars, both with and without recycled or virgin carbon fibres. The mortars were tested in terms of their mechanical and electrical properties as well as their propensity to capillary water absorption. The results demonstrate that gasification char alone is the best carbonaceous waste for decreasing the electrical resistivity (-42%) and water absorption (-17%) of mortars, while their compressive strength remains unaltered. Moreover, although there is a slight reduction in compressive strength and an increase in water suction when gasification char is coupled with fibres, the combination of fillers and fibres has a synergistic effect in decreasing mortars’ electrical resistivity, especially when recycled carbon fibres are used (-80%).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/286345

Effects of different pre-treatments on the properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates extracted from sidestreams of a municipal wastewater treatment plant
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Palmieri, S.; Tittarelli, F.; Sabbatini, S.; Cespi, M.; Bonacucina, G.; Eusebi, A. L.; Fatone, F.; Stipa, P.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The paper deals with effects of two different widespread extraction methods (conventional extraction and Soxhlet extraction) and four different pre-treatments (homogenization with pressure and with blades, sonication, and impact with glass spheres) on the extraction yields and properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extracted from biomass coming from an innovative process (short-cut enhanced phosphorus and PHA recovery) applied in a real wastewater treatment plant. The results show that the two different extraction processes affected the crystallization degree and the chemical composition of the polymer. On the other hand, the extractive yield was highly influenced by pre-treatments: homogenization provided a 15% more extractive yield than the others. Homogenization, especially at high pressure, proved to be the best pre-treatment also in terms of the purity, visual appearance (transparency and clearness), thermal stability, and mechanical performances of the obtained PHA films. All the PHA films begin to melt long before their degradation temperature (Td > 200 °C): this allows their use in the fields of extrusion or compression moulding.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/291675

Mechanical, durability, depolluting and electrical properties of multifunctional mortars prepared with commercial or waste carbon-based fillers
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Belli, Alberto; Giosue', Chiara; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Bastianelli, Luca; Mazzoli, Alida; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Carbon-based fillers from industrial wastes and commercial ones were compared to improve the properties of lime-based mixes. As commercial fillers, graphene nanoplatelets and activated carbon were used, whereas as industrial wastes a char obtained by the gasification of biomasses and a used foundry sand were chosen. Carbon-based wastes were found to be a good cost-effective alternative to commercial carbon based fillers to increase the compressive strength (of about 25%) and to reduce water capillary absorption (of about 50%) thanks to the paste refinement; to enhance depollution capacity (of about 25%) and increase both electrical conductivity (up to 65%) and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (of about 6%) of the hardened compounds thanks to the carbon content.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/288423

Sistemi innovativi per il monitoraggio della durabilità delle infrastrutture
INGENIO
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Chiariotti, Paolo; Mobili, Alessandra; Cosoli, Gloria; Giulietti, Nicola; Pandarese, Giuseppe; Bellezze, Tiziano; Revel, Gian Marco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Le infrastrutture in calcestruzzo costituiscono uno dei punti cardine per lo sviluppo economico delle popolazioni. Tuttavia, esse richiedono interventi di ispezione e manutenzione che ne garantiscano la funzionalità nel tempo. Tali ispezioni sono tipicamente programmate con cadenze periodiche, ma possono non essere sufficienti a prevenire l’insorgere di problemi legati alla loro durabilità. Quando questi si verificano occorre infatti eseguire interventi di manutenzione straordinaria che comportano disagi per gli utenti e costituiscono una voce di costo aggiuntiva rispetto ai normali costi di gestione. Il monitoraggio continuo della durabilità delle infrastrutture permette un cambio di paradigma nella loro gestione, consentendo il passaggio da una manutenzione programmatica all’attuazione di strategie di manutenzione predittiva, con un conseguente incremento della sicurezza della struttura nonché una riduzione dei costi di gestione. Questo lavoro ha come obbiettivo quello di fornire una breve panoramica sui sistemi di monitoraggio della durabilità di strutture in calcestruzzo armato sviluppati dall’Università Politecnica delle Marche, con particolare focus sui metodi di misura del potenziale di libera corrosione e della spettroscopia di impedenza elettrochimica.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/285565

Comportamento a corrosione di armature in acciaio e acciaio zincato in una malta ad attivazione alcalina a base di metacaolino dopo carbonatazione accelerata
LA METALLURGIA ITALIANA
Autore/i: Mobili, A.; Giosuè, C.; Bellezze, T.; Tittarelli, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Il lavoro presenta il comportamento a corrosione di armature in acciaio e acciaio zincato immerse in malte ad attivazione alcalina a base di metacaolino e malte tradizionali cementizie appartenenti alla stessa classe di resistenza meccanica (classe R3 con Rc ≥ 25 MPa, secondo la UNI EN 1504-3). I test sono stati effettuati valutando il potenziale di libera corrosione e la resistenza alla polarizzazione durante il primo mese di stagionatura e durante i successivi cicli settimanali di bagnasciuga in acqua dopo esposizione in camera al 3% di CO2. Durante la stagionatura, l’elevato pH della malta in metacaolino rallenta il raggiungimento dello stato passivo delle armature zincate che, successivamente, raggiungono resistenze di polarizzazione paragonabili alle barre immerse nella malta cementizia. Durante carbonatazione accelerata, il pH della malta in metacaolino si abbassa più velocemente di quello della malta cementizia. Durante i cicli di bagnasciuga, entrambe le tipologie di armatura mostrano simili resistenze alla polarizzazione in entrambe le matrici studiate.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/280364

One-Part Alkali-Activated Pastes and Mortars Prepared with Metakaolin and Biomass Ash
APPLIED SCIENCES
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca; Rahier, Hubert
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Common alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are usually manufactured with highly alkaline solutions. However, alkaline solutions are dangerous for workers who must wear gloves, masks, and glasses when handling them. This issue makes common (or two-part) AAMs not user-friendly and problematic for bulk production if no safety procedures are followed. In this paper, the possibility of manufacturing alkali-activated pastes and mortars without alkaline solution is investigated. These innovative one-partAAMshave been prepared with metakaolin as the aluminosilicate precursor, potassium-rich biomass ash as the alkaline activator, and water. AAMs have been prepared by varying the K/Al molar ratio: pastes have been studied in terms of reaction kinetics, through isothermal calorimetry, and mortars have been tested in terms of mechanical compressive strength. Results show that the K/Al molar ratio governs both the reaction kinetics and the mechanical strength of these innovative materials. The highest compressive strength is obtained when the K/Al ratio is equal to 2.5 and the water/solid ratio is equal to 0.49. If biomass ash is heated at 700 C to decompose the calcium carbonate, its reactivity and the final compressive strength increase.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/283722

Electrical Resistivity and Electrical Impedance Measurement in Mortar and Concrete Elements: A Systematic Review
APPLIED SCIENCES
Autore/i: Cosoli, Gloria; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca; Revel, Gian Marco; Chiariotti, Paolo
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper aims at analyzing the state-of-the-art techniques to measure electrical impedance (and, consequently, electrical resistivity) of mortar/concrete elements. Despite the validity of the concept being widely proven in the literature, a clear standard for this measurement is still missing. Dierent methods are described and discussed, highlighting pros and cons with respect to their performance, reliability, and degree of maturity. Both monitoring and inspection approaches are possible by using electrical resistivity measurements; since electrical resistivity is an important indicator of the health status of mortar/concrete, as it changes whenever phenomena modifying the conductivity of mortar/concrete (e.g., degradation or attacks by external agents) occur, this review aims to serve as a guide for those interested in this type of measurements.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/286344

Commercial and recycled carbon/steel fibers for fiber-reinforced cement mortars with high electrical conductivity
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
Autore/i: Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The paper aims to provide a comprehensive study on the compositional optimization of high-conductive multifunctional fiber-reinforced cement mortars (FRCMs). Therefore, the effects of three different fiber types: virgin carbon fibers (VCFs), recycled carbon fibers (RCFs), and brass-plated steel fibers (BSFs), added at a broad range of concentrations, as 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, and 1.6% by volume, on the mechanical, electrical and durability properties of FRCMs have been compared. The results showed that RCFs increase the flexural and tensile splitting strength up to 100%, whereas BSFs improve the compressive strength by 38%. Moreover, the fibers decrease both the capillary water absorption and the drying shrinkage by 39%. Electrical conductivity tests show that RCFs decrease the electrical resistivity of mortars up to one order of magnitude, in addition to a percolation threshold between 0.1 and 0.2 vol%.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/275078

Durability Assessment of Recycled Aggregate HVFA Concrete
APPLIED SCIENCES
Autore/i: Corinaldesi, Valeria; Donnini, Jacopo; Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The possibility of producing high-volume fly ash (HVFA) recycled aggregate concrete represents an important step towards the development of sustainable building materials. In fact, there is a growing need to reduce the use of non-renewable natural resources and, at the same time, to valorize industrial by-products, such as fly ash, that would otherwise be sent to the landfill. The present experimental work investigates the physical and mechanical properties of concrete by replacing natural aggregates and cement with recycled aggregates and fly ash, respectively. First, the mechanical properties of four dierent mixtures have been analyzed and compared. Then, the eectiveness of recycled aggregate and fly ash on reducing carbonation and chloride penetration depth has been also evaluated. Finally, the corrosion behavior of the dierent concrete mixtures, reinforced with either bare or galvanized steel plates, has been evaluated. The results obtained show that high-volume fly ash (HVFA) recycled aggregate concrete can be produced without significative reduction in mechanical properties. Furthermore, the addition of high-volume fly ash and the total replacement of natural aggregates with recycled ones did not modify the corrosion behavior of embedded bare and galvanized steel reinforcement.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/283988

Calcium sulfoaluminate and alkali-activated fly ash cements as alternative to Portland cement: study on chemical, physical-mechanical, and durability properties of mortars with the same strength class
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Telesca, Antonio; Marroccoli, Milena; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: There is an increasing interest towards the development of alternative binders for the manufacture of sustainable mortars and concretes. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is the most commonly used material in construction, even if its production process is highly polluting. Both calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) and alkali-activated cements (AAC) are potential alternative binders to be used in both structural (R3 class, with Rc " 25 MPa) and non-structural applications (R1 and R2 classes, with Rc " 10 MPa and Rc " 15 MPa, respectively) according to UNI EN 1504-3. This paper reports the hydration mechanisms and the evolution of porosity of OPC-, CSA- and AAC-based binders. The properties of fresh and hardened mortars, belonging to the above-mentioned mechanical strength classes, were evaluated and compared with particular emphasis on durability properties in terms of capillary water absorption, drying shrinkage, and resistance to sulfate attack. The results show that CSA-based mortars exhibit the lowest drying shrinkage due to their highest elasticity modulus. AAC mortars are characterized by the highest water vapor permeability and the lowest capillary water absorption for the highest presence of large pores (>3000 nm).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/274923

Multifunctional Lightweight Mortars for Indoor Applications to Improve Comfort and Health of Occupants: Thermal Properties and Photocatalytic Efficiency
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Mobili, Alessandra; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: A new generation of smart building materials, able to passively improve the indoor environment and the comfort of occupants owing to their interaction with the surrounding environment, can be addressed. This paper investigates the use of three highly porous aggregates to manufacture hydraulic lime-based multifunctional mortars to be used as indoor finishes. The same water/binder ratio was used for each mortar mix, and conventional calcareous sand was totally replaced by volume with zeolite, silica gel, and activated carbon. Nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) was added to award a photocatalytic behavior under UV radiation to the mortars. Results show that, as expected, when highly porous aggregates are used, mortars absorb more water by capillary suction. However, even though the mortars manufactured with lightweight aggregates have a lower density, the mechanical behavior of zeolite and activated carbon mortars is comparable or even higher than that of sand mortars, thanks to an optimum interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the binder paste and the aggregate. The photocatalytic activity, in terms of photocatalytic NOx degradation efficiency and selectivity of unwanted produced NO2, results to be optimal when silica gel-based mortar is tested. Additionally, the thermal-insulation properties are enhanced up to 40% by using all the unconventional aggregates.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/283721

The impact of bitumen roofing production waste (BTw) on cement mortar properties
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Malaiskiene, J.; Vaiciene, M.; Giosue, C.; Tittarelli, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper is aimed to show the impact of bitumen roofing production waste (BTw) on the properties of cement mortars in terms of mineral composition, microstructure, setting rate, physical and mechanical properties and durability (water absorption, freeze-thaw resistance). To this aim, mortar specimens were manufactured by replacing 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of natural sand by weight with BTw. The main results show that BTw slightly accelerates cement hydration and 4% is the best content of BTw to be valorised in mortars. In this case, compressive strength, density and ultrasound pulse velocity are comparable to the control mortar (0% BTw content) but capillary water absorption decreases and flexural strength increases. Moreover, at this dosage, the forecasted freeze-thaw resistance of mortars increases considerably (~30%).
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/272038

Innovative hydraulic lime-based finishes with unconventional aggregates and TiO2 for the improvement of indoor air quality
MANUFACTURING REVIEW
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; Citterio, Barbara; Biavasco, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/276217

Comportamento a corrosione di armature in acciaio e acciaio zincato in una malta ad attivazione alcalina a base di metacaolino dopo carbonatazione accelerata
Atti della XIII edizione delle Giornate Nazionali sulla Corrosione e Protezione
Autore/i: Mobili, A.; Giosuè, C.; Bellezze, T.; Tittarelli, F.
Editore: Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The work presents the corrosion behavior of bare and galvanized steel rebars embedded in metakaolin alkali-activated mortar and traditional cement-based mortar belonging to the same mechanical strength class (R3 class with Rc ≥ 25 MPa, according to UNI EN 1504-3). Tests were conducted evaluating both the corrosion potential and the polarization resistance throughout the first month of curing and during the subsequent weekly wet/dry cycles in tap water after exposure to a chamber with 3% of CO2. During the first month, the high alkalinity of alkali-activated mortar delays the achievement of the passive state in particular for galvanized steel rebars, even though, after that period, they reach the same polarization resistance of those embedded in the cement-based mortar. During accelerated carbonation, the neutralization of alkalinity in alkali-activated mortar occurs more quickly than in cement-based mortar. During exposure to wet/dry cycles in tap water, both bare and galvanized steel rebars show comparable polarization resistance values in both studied mortars.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/271226

Behavior of Cement-Based Alkali-Activated Lightweight Mortars at High Temperatures
5th Workshop on The New Boundaries of Structural Concrete 2019
Autore/i: Giosuè, C.; Mobili, A.; Tittarelli, F.
Editore: IMREADY Srl
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Six lightweight cement-based or alkali-activated mortars are investigated after being exposed to 500, 750, and 1000 °C. In the three cement-based mortars, the binder is Portland cement, with/without fly ash or metakaolin, while in the remaining three alkali-activated mortars (all devoid of Portland cement), different combinations of fly ash and metakaolin are investigated. Replacing 40% of the cement with metakaolin and replacing 50% of metakaolin with coal fly ash enhance the resistance to high temperatures of the mortars. After the exposure to 1000 °C, the high residual compressive strength of cement-based mortars containing metakaolin comes from the formation of new crystalline phases, whereas in alkali-activated mortars the high residual compressive strength comes from their high densification.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/269948

CELLULOSE RECOVERY FROM WASTEWATER: PERFORMANCES ASSESSMENT AND POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
XV CONVEGNO NAZIONALE AIMAT XII CONVEGNO INSTM SULLA SCIENZA E TECNOLOGIA DEI MATERIALI
Autore/i: Palmieri, Silvia; Cipolletta, G; Pastore, C; Giosuè, C; Eusebi, Al; Frison, N; Tittarelli, F; Fatone, F
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/269309

CARBON-BASED FILLERS AND FIBERS FOR ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE CEMENT MORTARS
XV CONVEGNO NAZIONALE AIMAT - XII CONVEGNO INSTM SULLA SCIENZA E TECNOLOGIA DEI MATERIALI
Autore/i: Mobili, A.; Bellezze, T.; Revel, Gm; Tittarelli, F.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/269307

HIGH-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE OF CEMENTITIOUS AND ALKALI ACTIVATED LIGHTWEIGHT MORTARS
XV CONVEGNO NAZIONALE AIMAT XII CONVEGNO INSTM SULLA SCIENZA E TECNOLOGIA DEI MATERIALI
Autore/i: Giosuè, C.; Mobili, A.; Tittarelli, F.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/269308

Toilet paper recovery from municipal wastewater and application in building sector
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES. EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Autore/i: Cipolletta, G; L Eusebi, A; Palmieri, S; Giosuè, C; Tittarelli, F; Frison, N; Pastore, C; Foglia, A; Fatone, F
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: One of the most innovative applications for a circular economy approach is the recovery of cellulose fibres from municipal wastewater. Recovered cellulose fibres from the wastewater could bring benefits to the construction industry in terms of reducing the amount of non-renewable raw materials and increasing sustainability. Rotating belt filter was used to obtain cellulose fibre-rich sludge from real urban influent. Recovered cellulosic material reached values up to 26.59 g m-3 when the solids removal efficiency was higher than 70%. Treated cellulosic sludge had an average of 87% content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The recovered cellulose fibres were analysed and used in mortar mix to understand their possible impact in the building sector and the effect on the properties of hydraulic lime-based mortars. Properties of fibre addition were investigated in terms of microstructure and mechanical strength. Cellulose fibres were added by mix volume up to 20%. The overall results with the maximum content of cellulose fibres indicated the improvement of mortars performance in terms of increased lightness, flexural strength and hygrometric properties.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/269257

Performance of lightweight cement-based and alkali-activated mortars exposed to high-temperature
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra; DI PERNA, Costanzo; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The behavior of lightweight cement-based and alkali-activated mortars after exposure to temperatures of 500, 750, and 1000 C was compared. In cement-based mortars, cement was partially replaced (40 vol%) by several refractory fillers (coal fly-ash, biomass fly-ash, cocciopesto, metakaolin). In alkali-activated mortars, metakaolin was partially substituted (0, 25, 50 wt%) by coal fly-ash. The substitution of cement by 40% metakaolin and the substitution of metakaolin by 50% fly ash enhances the resistance to high temperatures of cement-based and alkali-activated mortars, respectively. After exposure to 1000 C, the high residual compressive strength of cement-based mortars with metakaolin is due to the formation of new crystalline species, whereas in alkali-activated mortars is due to their high densification.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/267324

Piezoresistive behaviour of mortars loaded with graphene and carbon fibers for the development of self-sensing composites
Advances and Trends in Engineering Sciences and Technologies III
Autore/i: Belli, A.; Mobili, A.; Bellezze, T.; Tittarelli, F.; Cachim, P. B.
Editore: Taylor & Francis Group
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: In recent years, infrastructures have become of primary importance for society and for the economic development. This led to the introduction of monitoring systems for their protec-tion, and for an eco-friendly saving of resources for their maintenance. In the field of rein-forced concrete, there is a growing interest for the introduction of conductive cement-based composites for monitoring the health of structures through the evaluation of their electronic parameters. In this work, resistivity and piezoresistivity of mortars added with graphene nano-platelets (GNP), and carbon fibers (CF) were evaluated. The variations in electrical resistivity as a function of strain were analyzed under cyclic uniaxial compression of the mortars sam-ples. The results shown a high piezoresistivity behavior of the mortars with an optimal disper-sion of GNP and CF, with a quite reversible relation between fractional change in resistivity (FCR) and compressive strain.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/264704

The effect of peat and wood fly ash on the porosity of mortar
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Rissanen, Jouni; Giosué, Chiara; Ohenoja, Katja; Kinnunen, Paivo; Marcellini, Mirco; Letizia Ruello, Maria; Tittarelli, Francesca; Illikainen, Mirja
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Fluidized bed combustion fly ash (FBCFA), notably different from regular (coal) fly ash, is a promising industrial side stream to be used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Peat and wood are important sources of biomass for energy production in Nordic countries and generate formidable amounts of un-used ash yearly. Two FBCFAs from the co-combustion of peat and wood, fly ash from coal combustion, and limestone filler were used to replace 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 40 wt% of cement in mortar specimens. The compressive strength, porosity, water absorption, water vapor permeability, and drying shrinkage of the mortars were measured and compared. It was found that in almost all properties FBCFAs outperformed un-reactive limestone filler. Compared to coal fly ash, FBCFAs produced mortars with comparable compressive strength although with higher porosity, water absorption, and water vapor permeability.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/267658

Sustainability in Construction Materials: From Waste Valorization to Circular Economy
The First Outstanding 50 Years of “Università Politecnica delle Marche”
Autore/i: Ruello, Maria Letizia; Bellezze, Tiziano; Corinaldesi, Valeria; Donnini, Jacopo; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Fatone, Francesco; Fava, Gabriele; Favoni, Orlando; Fratesi, Romeo; Giosue', Chiara; Giuliani, Giampaolo; Marcellini, Mirco; Mazzoli, Alida; Mobili, Alessandra; Roventi, Gabriella; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: Springer
Luogo di pubblicazione: Cham
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Already from the beginning, 50 years ago, the first nucleus of researchers establishing the research group, was convinced that the construction sector was the best option for the valorization of industrial by-products as “secondary raw materials”. In fact, this sector is probably the largest consumer of resources and the largest waste generator, consequently it has huge environmental impact. On the other hand, construction materials affect the performance of buildings with respect to safety, health, environmental performance and energy efficiency. Manufacturing of construction products using alternative raw materials; recycling to manage construction and demolition waste; durability and environmental compatibility of materials: all these were the different and challenging fields of research that the group has faced in a continuous effort of innovation and cooperation at national and international level. The focus of the group was already perfectly in line with what is now called “Circular Economy”, which at present is considered a revolution in the way of human economic development. We are sure the group thus contributed to this revolution even before the term was in current use. We feel ready for the next 50.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/272692

The Impact of Bitumen Roofing Production Waste (BTw) on Physical Mechanical Properties of Concrete
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Vaiciene, Marija; Malaiskiene, Jurgita; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This article presents how concrete properties would change if part of a coarse aggregate (granite crushed stone) were replaced with bitumen roofing production waste (BTw). BTw is a huge ecological problem because these wastes are generated in large quantities when replacing old bitumen-based roof tiles. Wastes are also produced during the production of bituminous roof coatings. Usually BTw are stored in landfills or it is attempted to use/dispose them in the production of asphalt concrete. There are very few works which analyse the impact of BTw on the properties of cement materials, although the impact of these wastes on the properties of cement materials could be beneficial because BTw consist of aggregate, granules, bitumen and fibers. In order to use BTw, standard concrete samples were first formed, then 5/16 granite fraction was replaced with BTw in amounts of 2%, 4% and 6% by weight The amounts of limestone Portland cement, fine aggregate (sand), water and superplasticizer in the concrete mixtures were constant. The new generation of superplasticizer based on polycarboxylates was used in mixtures. The following concrete properties were identified and analyzed: density of the mixture, flowability, density of concrete samples, water absorption, compressive strength, forecasted frost resistance, and microstructure studies were conducted as well. The results of the studies showed that BTw can be used in small amounts, i. e. up to 6%, then the density of the samples slightly decreased (by 2.4%) and water absorption increased (by 0.7%). Compressive strength, after replacing 2% granite crushed stone, decreased by 2.4%. However, gradual addition of the amount of BTw resulted in more closed pores that improved the frost resistance of the concrete. When 6% of bulk filler was replaced with BTw, closed porosity, compared to control samples, increased by 54% and forecasted frost resistance - by 26%. Microstructure analysis showed that with 6% BTw a dense cement stone structure was formed, showing the hydrates of portlandite and CSH.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/269924

Thermal and mechanical optimization of nano-foams for sprayed insulation
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Stazi, F.; Urlietti, Carolina; Di Perna, C.; Chiappini, G.; Rossi, M.; Tittarelli, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This study investigates the effects of the addition of two different types of particles on morphological, thermo-hygrometric and mechanical properties of thermal insulating sprayed polyurethane foams. Platelet nanoclay and spherical silicon dioxide microparticles were poured into two different foams with a density of 15 Kg/m3 and 30 Kg/m3, respectively used for cavity walls infill and external insulation layers. Nanoclay particles were dispersed into the polyol through a sonication technique followed by a mechanical mixing into the isocyanate, whereas silica dioxide microparticles (aerogel) were mixed mechanically into the polyol then added to isocyanate. Results showed that the introduction of small amounts (2% and 4% in weight) of nanoparticles and microparticles significantly enhances both thermal and mechanical properties of the foams. Among the low-density foams, the best thermal performance was recorded by 4 wt% nanoclay sample with a reduction of the conductance of about 9% whereas the best mechanical performance was recorded by 4 wt% aerogel sample with an increase of the tensile modulus of about 300%. However even the 4wt% nanoclay addition significantly enhanced the outcomes of the mechanical tests. Also among the highdensity foams, the best thermal and mechanical compromise was achieved by the one containing 4% in weight of nanoclay, that showed a reduction of the conductance of about 7% and an increase of the tensile modulus of about 180%. This latter sample resulted to be the most performing among all the foams.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/262728

Pilot scale cellulose recovery from sewage sludge and reuse in building and construction material
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Autore/i: Palmieri, Silvia; Cipolletta, Giulia; Pastore, Carlo; Giosue', Chiara; Akyol, Cagri; Eusebi, Anna Laura; Frison, Nicola; Tittarelli, Francesca; Fatone, Francesco
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The recovery of cellulose in toilet paper from municipal wastewater is one of the most innovative actions in the circular economy context. In fact, fibres could address possible new uses in the building sector as reinforcing components in binder-based materials. In this paper, rotating belt filters were tested to enhance the recovery of sludge rich in cellulose fibres for possible valorisation in construction applications. Recovered cellulosic material reached value up to 26.6 gm3 with maximum solids removal of 74%. Content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin was found averagely equal to 87% of the total composition. Predictive equation of cellulosic material was further obtained. The addition of recovered cellulose fibres in mortars bring benefits in terms of lightness, microstructure and moisture buffering value (0.17 g/m2%UR). Concerning mechanical properties, flexural strength was improved with the addition of 20% of recovered cellulose fibres. In addition, a simplified economic assessment was reported for two possible pre-mixed blends with 5% and 20% of recovered fibres content.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/269923

Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement and Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer as Sustainable Binders for Mortars
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
Autore/i: Telesca, Antonio; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca; Marroccoli, Milena
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This work investigates the hydration behaviour and the physico-mechanical properties of mortars based on calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements and fly ash-based geopolymers (GEO) as alternatives to ordinary Portland cement. According to the EN 1504-3, mortars were prepared in order to reach three compressive strength classes, namely R1, R2 and R3 (R1 with Rc ≥ 10 MPa, R2 with Rc ≥ 15 MPa and R3 with Rc ≥ 25 MPa). CSA mortars were prepared by using sulfoaluminate cement alone (R3) or in mixture with a limestone filler (R1 and R2); GEO mortars were manufactured by alkali-activation of coal fly ash and calcium aluminate cement with a sodium silicate and potassium hydroxide water solution. The hydration behaviour was evaluated on pastes submitted to differential thermal-thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analyses. Mortars was analysed through mercury intrusion porosimetry; their mechanical properties were evaluated in terms of compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity. Furthermore, capillary water absorption and drying shrinkage tests were carried out in order to evaluate their durability. Due to the rapid ettringite formation, CSA-based mixtures reached their maximum compressive strength values faster than the corresponding GEO mortars. Results showed that the lower modulus of elasticity of GEO mortars causes the higher drying shrinkage. Moreover, the lower porosity exhibited by GEO mortars was responsible for the lower water capillary absorption.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/267325

Properties of multifunctional lightweight mortars containing zeolite and natural fibers
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE CEMENT BASED MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosuè, C.; Mobili, A.; Yu, Q. L.; Brouwers, H. J. H.; Ruello, M. L.; Tittarelli, F.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The article focuses on the development of innovative and multifunctional mortars with low environmental impact for indoor applications acting as passive systems to moderate extremes of humidity and to lower the concentration of pollutants. Mortars are manufactured by keeping constant the water/binder ratio, using sand as reference aggregate, and by replacing the total volume of sand with zeolite. In some mixes the aggregate, is also at 25vol% by wool natural fibers. Regardless lightness, zeolite thanks to its pozzolanic activity, helps to improve the compressive strength of mortars manufactured with wool fibers. In addition, the combination of zeolite and wool increases the hygro-thermal performance of mortars: water vapor resistance factor (22% lower than the reference), moisture buffering value (100% higher than the reference), and thermal conductivity (66% lower than the reference), respectively. Depolluting properties of zeolite-based mortars, in terms of adsorption capacity, are 65% lower than that of reference mortar.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/266704

A COMPARISON BETWEEN CALCIUM SULFOALUMINATE CEMENT AND FLY ASH-BASED GEOPOLYMER AS SUSTAINABLE BINDERS FOR NON-STRUCTURAL AND STRUCTURAL MORTARS
International Workshop on Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cements 2018
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Telesca, Antonio; Marroccoli, Milena; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/258927

Waste foundry sand
Waste and Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete - Characterization, Properties and Applications
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: Woodhead Publishing
Classificazione: 2 Contributo in Volume
Abstract: Used foundry sands (UFSs) represent the highest amount of solid wastes generated by foundries. Classified by European Union regulations as nonhazardous waste, they represent a relevant source to be reused in several industrial sectors, in building construction primarily. In this chapter, the physical and chemical properties of UFSs have been reported, with particular attention on metal content and relative leaching behavior. The state of the art on modern engineering applications and the role of UFSs in green and sustainable construction have been described.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/257712

VERAM Research and Innovation Roadmap 2050 - A Sustainable and Competitive Future for European Raw Materials
VERAM Research and Innovation Roadmap 20150 - A Sustainable and Competitive Future for European Raw Materials
Autore/i: Elvnert, Johan; Hyrkko, Heini; Mattos, Thais; Ebestreit, Corina; Wall, Patrick; Pool, Henk; Agyeman-Budu, Esther; Mendes, Marina; Nelen, Dirk; Mayer, Sabne; Ferrari, Andrea; Dall'Oro, Lorenzo; Tittarelli, Francesca; Mobili, Alessandra; Maki, Rikard; Wilhelmsson, Lars; Kinos, Timo
Luogo di pubblicazione: Bruxelles
Classificazione: 5 Altro
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/257694

The effect of superficial hydrophobic treatments to increase the frost durability of concrete evaluated by means of acoustic emission and CDF test
The second Materials Chain International Conference, MCIC 2018
Autore/i: Mobili, A.; Vadalà, M.; Tittarelli, F.; Lupascu, D. C.
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Reinforced concrete structures (RCS) exposed to freezing phenomena in the presence of de-icing salts are known to be subjected to the corrosion of embedded reinforcements. The penetration of aggressive substances inside concrete is related to water suction through capillary action. In order to slow down this action, concrete surface can be treated by applying hydrophobic solutions in the admixture or onto the surface. The superficial layer which is formed can modify the water contact angle and hence hinder the water penetration. This research work is focused on the durability of concrete with or without hydrophobic treatments, and exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. Four different concrete mixtures were prepared at the same aggregate/cement ratio by varying the water/binder ratios (0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65). Specimens were studied in terms of mechanical and stability properties. Flexural and compressive strength tests and CDF-test after exposure of 28-days cured concrete specimens in presence of de-icing salts were performed. Acoustic emission measurements are still going on. Results obtained highlight that the application of the surface treatment with hydrophobic admixture is an important parameter for increasing the resistance of concrete to frost phenomena.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/285566

Special Issue "Sustainable Buildings and Indoor Air Quality"
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The reduction of energy consumption in buildings is achievable only if building components can satisfy several criteria of sustainability during their entire service life: In the production phase, by adopting materials with low thermal transmittance, manufactured with low cost and energy saving processing, even by valorizing byproducts/ wastes. - During the service life, by ensuring the ability to guarantee a comfortable and healthy IAQ, the energy efficiency, also for active engineered control systems (HVAC), and durability. Since the cost to restore a degraded structure increases exponentially with the level of degradation, monitoring systems should be developed to detect as soon as possible the conditions favorable to deterioration. - At the end of the service life, by adopting materials able to be recycled.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/288021

Effect of pore structure on the performance of photocatalytic lightweight lime-based finishing mortar
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue, C.; Yu, Q. L.; Ruello, M. L.; Tittarelli, F.; Brouwers, H. J. H.
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The present paper aims to evaluate the performance of photocatalytic lightweight indoor hydraulic limebased finishing mortars, with Portland cement-based finishing mortar as a reference. Two different types of aggregates, expanded glass and expanded silicate, are utilized to achieve the lightweight character and their contributions are investigated. The pore structure of the developed mortars is determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and BET methods. The mechanical strength, drying shrinkage, thermal physical properties and air pollutant removal ability of the mortars are investigated and the effects of pore structure on these properties are evaluated. Due to the higher porosity, lime-based finishing mortars possess a higher capillary water absorption and higher drying shrinkage, which can be explained by the Kelvin-Laplace mechanism. The limebased mortar shows very good thermal properties, with a thermal conductivity of 0.15 W/(mK). The lime-based mortar shows a better ability of removing air pollutants, up to 46% under indoor air conditions laboratory test, compared to the cement-based mortar, which is attributed to the lower content of gel pores present in the lime-based mortar. Expanded glass shows positive influences concerning thermal properties and air pollutant removal ability compared to expanded silicate.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/256375

Corrosion behaviour of bare and galvanized steel in geopolymer and Ordinary Portland Cement based mortars with the same strength class exposed to chlorides
CORROSION SCIENCE
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Mobili, Alessandra; Giosuè, Chiara; Belli, Alberto; Bellezze, Tiziano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The corrosion behaviour of bare and galvanized steel reinforcements in geopolymeric and cementitious mortars, at three strength classes, has been investigated throughout the curing period and exposure to wet-dry cycles in 3.5% NaCl solution. During the curing, the high alkalinity of geopolymers prolongs the active state of both bare and galvanized steel. During the chloride exposure, fly ash geopolymers give the highest protection to reinforcements. The higher alkalinity of geopolymers compared to cement mortars seems to decrease the minimum free chloride threshold necessary to induce corrosion for galvanized steel, but it increases that for bare steel.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/255934

VERAM, for a sustainable and competitive future for EU Raw Materials
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca; Revel, Gian Marco; Wall, Patrick
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The project, VERAM “Vision and Roadmap for European Raw Materials”, aims to deliver a mapping of on-going initiatives on non-food, non-energy raw materials (including metals, industrial minerals, aggregates and wood) at European, Member State, and regional levels both from the Research and Innovation (R&I), industry, and policy perspectives. Moreover, based on a comprehensive gap analysis, VERAM will propose a common long term 2050 Vision and Roadmap in coordination and cooperation with all stakeholders across the value chain. For the first time, two European Technology Platforms (ETPs) together with their corresponding European Research Area Networks (ERA-NETs) are joining forces to develop a common roadmap.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/256460

Valorisation of GRP Dust Waste in Fired Clay Bricks
ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Giosuè, Chiara; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In Europe, the total amount of Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) waste is increasing. In order to valorise GRP dust (GRPd) waste and to reduce the consumption of nonrenewable resources in building materials, GRPd has been already investigated in cementitious materials where it gives even an improvement in some performances of the final products. Valorisation of GRPd waste in the production of bricks can be considered as a further alternative. In this paper, GRPd waste was substituted to the clay volume at 5% and 10% for the manufacturing of fired clay bricks. All specimens were subjected to a firing temperature of 850°C for 6 hours, then tested and compared in terms of porosity, compressive and flexural strengths, density, and water absorption. Despite a decrease in compressive strength up to 46% with 10% of GRPd substitution and an increase of water absorption from 14% to 29% with 5% and 10% of GRPd substitution, respectively, an increase in terms of lightness (about 10%), maximum flexural strength (up to 31%), and deflections at the maximum load (up to 130%) has been registered by specimens with 10% of GRPd substitution.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/258690

Binders alternative to Portland cement and waste management for sustainable construction – Part 2
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Coppola, Luigi; Bellezze, Tiziano; Belli, Alberto; C Bignozzi, Maria; Bolzoni, Fabio; Brenna, Andrea; Cabrini, Marina; Candamano, Sebastiano; Cappai, Marta; Caputo, Domenico; Carsana, Maddalena; Casnedi, Ludovica; Cioffi, Raffaele; Cocco6, Ombretta; Coffetti, Denny; Colangelo8, Francesco; Coppola, Bartolomeo; Corinaldesi, Valeria; Crea, Fortunato; Crotti, Elena; Daniele, Valeria; De Gisi, Sabino; Delogu, Francesco; V Diamanti, Maria; Di Maio, Luciano; Di Mundo, Rosa; Di Palma, Luca; Donnini, Jacopo; Farina, Ilenia; Ferone, Claudio; Frontera, Patrizia; Gastaldi, Matteo; Giosue', Chiara; Incarnato, Loredana; Liguori, Barbara; Lollini, Federica; Lorenzi, Sergio; Manzi, Stefania; Marino, Ottavio; Marroccoli, Milena; C Mascolo, Maria; Mavilia, Letterio; Mazzoli, Alida; Medici, Franco; Meloni, Paola; Merlonetti, Glauco; Mobili, Alessandra; Notarnicola, Michele; Ormellese, Marco; Pastore, Tommaso; Pia Pedeferri, Maria; Petrella, Andrea; Pia6, Giorgio; Redaelli, Elena; Roviello, Giuseppina; Scarfato, Paola; Scoccia, Giancarlo; Taglieri, Giuliana; Telesca, Antonio; Tittarelli, Francesca; Todaro, Francesco; Vilardi, Giorgio; Yang, Fan
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The paper represents the “state of the art” on sustainability in construction materials. In Part 1 of the paper, issues related to production, microstructures, chemical nature, engineering properties, and durability of mixtures based on binders alternative to Portland cement were presented. This second part of the paper concerns the use of traditional and innovative Portland-free lime-based mortars in the conservation of cultural heritage, and the recycling and management of wastes to reduce consumption of natural resources in the production of construction materials. The latter is one of the main concerns in terms of sustainability since nowadays more than 75% of wastes are disposed of in landfills.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/259227

Recycled Glass as Aggregate for Architectural Mortars
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The possibility of recycling mixed colour waste glass as it is for manufacturing decorative architectural mortars, has been investigated. In mortars, the 0–33–66–100% of calcareous gravel volume has been replaced with recycled glass cullets, with no other inorganic addition. To mitigate the possible alkali–silica reaction, mixes with a hydrophobic admixture were also compared. The obtained results show that the replacement of calcareous gravel with glass cullets of similar grain size distribution permits to reduce the dosage of the superplasticizer admixture to obtain the same workability of fresh mortar; it does not affect significantly the mechanical performances, the water vapour permeability and the capillary water absorption but it reduces significantly the drying shrinkage deformation. The used recycled glass is classified as no reactive in terms of alkali–silica reaction neither in water nor in NaOH solution following the parameters of the current normative, even in the absence of the hydrophobic admixture. The hydrophobic admixture further delays the expansion trigger but not the speed of its propagation.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/260190

Bricks and Concrete Wastes as Coarse and Fine Aggregates in Sustainable Mortars
ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Corinaldesi, Valeria; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The total substitution by volume of natural coarse calcareous aggregate by coarse recycled brick aggregate (RBA) and coarse recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) has been investigated to produce more sustainable and environment-friendly mortars. Aggregates were also partially substituted by their fines at 12.5% by volume. Mortars have been tested in terms of mechanical, microstructural, and durability properties. Results show that it is feasible to replace a natural calcareous aggregate entirely by recycled aggregates. In particular, the obtained mortars, even if more porous and more prone to the water capillary absorption than that manufactured with natural aggregates, result in less stiffness and thus are less subjected to crack formation, more permeable to water vapour, and less susceptible to sulphate attack.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/259827

Calcium Sulfoaluminate and Geopolymeric Binders as Alternatives to OPC
Durability and Sustainability of Concrete Structures (DSCS-2018) ACI-SP 326
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Belli, Alberto; Telesca, Antonio; Marroccoli, Milena; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: This work presents calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement and geopolymeric binder (GEO) as environment-friendly alternatives to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Mortars based on these binders were tested and compared at the same non-structural strength class (R2 ≥ 15 MPa, according to EN 1504-3). Binder pastes were preliminarily prepared to study their hydration behaviour by means of differential thermalthermogravimetric (DT-TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Afterwards, the relative mortars were compared in terms of both fresh (workability) and hardened state properties (compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, adhesion to bricks, and water vapor permeability). Durability was also investigated in terms of capillary water absorption, drying and restrained shrinkage. Porosimetric analysis allowed to better correlate experimental results with microstructural features of the investigated mixtures. Results showed that GEO-based mortar exhibits the lowest modulus of elasticity, causing the lowest restrained shrinkage and the highest free drying shrinkage. Moreover, its highest porosity determines both the highest capillary water absorption and permeability to water vapor. On the contrary, the CSA-based mortar displays the lowest drying shrinkage, the greatest modulus of elasticity, and the lowest porosity which ensures the lowest capillary water absorption.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/260680

In situ performance evaluation of chemical injections against rising damp: A case study in Italy
MEASUREMENT
Autore/i: Sardella, Alessandro; De Nuntiis, Paola; Rizzo, Marzia; Giosue', Chiara; Tittarelli, Francesca; Bonazza, Alessandra
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Rising damp is one of the most relevant cause of deterioration in historic buildings and its presence may trigger and intensify damage processes such as biodeterioration and decohesion linked to freeze-thaw and salt crystallization cycles. Treatment against rising damp is generally advised and several products are currently available in the market, whose efficiency, durability and compatibility with building materials are unfortunately still not exhaustively verified. For a proper evaluation of these features aiming at a sustainable protection and conservation of cultural heritage, test directly on site in addition to laboratory investigations is increasingly recommended. Within this work we illustrate and discuss results obtained during a test on site for the efficiency evaluation over time of treatments against rising damp based on chemical injections performed in one of the case studies in the JPICH Project EMERISDA.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/259444

How Can Climate Change Affect the UNESCO Cultural Heritage Sites in Panama?
GEOSCIENCES
Autore/i: Ciantelli, Chiara; Palazzi, Elisa; von Hardenberg, Jost; Vaccaro, Carmela; Tittarelli, Francesca; Bonazza, Alessandra
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This work investigates the impact of long-term climate change on heritage sites in Latin America, focusing on two important sites in the Panamanian isthmus included in the World Heritage List: the monumental site of Panamá Viejo (16th century) and the Fortresses of Portobelo and San Lorenzo (17th to 18th centuries). First of all, in order to support the conservation and valorisation of these sites, a characterisation of the main construction materials utilized in the building masonries was performed together with an analysis of the meteoclimatic conditions in their vicinity as provided by monitoring stations recording near-surface air temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall amounts. Secondly, the same climate variables were analysed in the historical and future simulations of a state-of-the-art global climate model, EC-Earth, run at high horizontal resolution, and then used with damage functions to make projections of deterioration phenomena on the Panamanian heritage sites. In particular, we performed an evaluation of the possible surface recession, biomass accumulation, and deterioration due to salt crystallisation cycles on these sites in the future (by midcentury, 2039–2068) compared to the recent past (1979–2008), considering a future scenario of high greenhouse gas emissions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/259398

Carbon nanofibers in polyurethane foams: Experimental evaluation of thermo-hygrometric and mechanical performance
POLYMER TESTING
Autore/i: Stazi, Francesca; Tittarelli, Francesca; Saltarelli, Federico; Chiappini, Gianluca; Morini, Antonio; Cerri, Graziano; Lenci, Stefano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Polymer nanocomposites synergistically combine the good thermal properties of the hosting polymer matrix with the high mechanical performance of the fillers, providing a new class of materials with superior properties. The present study aims to evaluate in a multidisciplinary way the enhancement in mechanical and thermalhygrometric properties of low and medium density nanophased polyurethane (PUR) foams with either randomly oriented or aligned nanofibers as compared to the neat ones. To this aim, 1% weight of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were homogeneously dispersed into polyol of PUR foam by an ultrasonic cavitation method. In parallel, a small amount of CNFs was functionalized in advance by a coprecipitation method so as to align them into the polymer matrix through an external low intensity magnetic field. SEM analyses were used to compare the microstructure of the neat and nanophased samples. Results have shown that the addition of carbon nanofibers in the foams products a closer structure with a more uniform size and shape. Moreover, functionalized CNFs play a significant role in regulating cells shape as well as strengthening cells walls. Mechanical test results also demonstrated that CNFs increase both strength and stiffness of the samples. The alignment of carbon nanofibers within medium density nanophased foams determines the highest mechanical properties. However, the more noticeable improvement in samples performance occurred in low density nanophased foams. Finally, carbon nanoparticles decrease the thermal conductivity and increase the resistance against water adsorption.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/256087

Binders alternative to Portland cement and waste management for sustainable construction - Part 1
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Coppola, Luigi; Bellezze, Tiziano; Belli, Alberto; Chiara Bignozzi, Maria; Bolzoni, Fabio; Brenna, Andrea; Cabrini, Marina; Candamano, Sebastiano; Cappai, Marta; Caputo, Domenico; Carsana, Maddalena; Casnedi, Ludovica; Cioffi, Raffaele; Cocco, Ombretta; Coffetti, Denny; Colangelo, Francesco; Coppola, Bartolomeo; Corinaldesi, Valeria; Crea, Fortunato; Crotti, Elena; Daniele, Valeria; De Gisi, Sabino; Delogu, Francesco; Vittoria Diamanti, Maria; Di Maio, Luciano; Di Mundo, Rosa; Di Palma, Luca; Donnini, Jacopo; Farina, Ilenia; Ferone, Claudio; Frontera, Patrizia; Gastaldi, Matteo; Giosue', Chiara; Incarnato, Loredana; Liguori, Barbara; Lollini, Federica; Lorenzi, Sergio; Manzi, Stefania; Marino, Ottavio; Marroccoli, Milena; Cristina Mascolo, Maria; Mavilia, Letterio; Mazzoli, Alida; Medici, Franco; Meloni, Paola; Merlonetti, Glauco; Mobili, Alessandra; Notarnicola, Michele; Ormellese, Marco; Pastore, Tommaso; Pia Pedeferri, Maria; Petrella, Andrea; Pia, Giorgio; Redaelli, Elena; Roviello, Giuseppina; Scarfato, Paola; Scoccia, Giancarlo; Taglieri, Giuliana; Telesca, Antonio; Tittarelli, Francesca; Todaro, Francesco; Vilardi and Fan Yang, Giorgio
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This review presents “a state of the art” report on sustainability in construction materials. The authors propose different solutions to make the concrete industry more environmentally friendly in order to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and consumption of non-renewable resources. Part 1—the present paper—focuses on the use of binders alternative to Portland cement, including sulfoaluminate cements, alkali-activated materials, and geopolymers. Part 2 will be dedicated to traditional Portland-free binders and waste management and recycling in mortar and concrete production.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/259226

Evaluating the Self-Sensing Ability of Cement Mortars Manufactured with Graphene Nanoplatelets, Virgin or Recycled Carbon Fibers through Piezoresistivity Tests
SUSTAINABILITY
Autore/i: Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca; Cachim, Paulo
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper presents the resistivity and piezoresistivity behavior of cement-based mortars manufacturedwithgraphenenanoplateletfiller(GNP),virgincarbonfibers(VCF)andrecycledcarbon fibers (RCF). GNP was added at 4% of the cement weight, whereas two percentages of carbon fibers werechosen,namely0.05%and0.2%ofthetotalvolume. Thecombinedeffectofbothfillerandfibers was also investigated. Mortars were studied in terms of their mechanical properties (under flexure and compression) and electrical resistivity. Mortars with the lowest electrical resistivity values were also subjected to cyclic uniaxial compression to evaluate the variations in electrical resistivity as a function of strain. The results obtained show that mortars have piezoresistive behavior only if they aresubjectedtoapriordryingprocess. Inaddition,dryspecimensexhibitahighpiezoresistivityonly when loaded with 0.2 vol.% of VCF and 0.4 wt.% of GNP plus 0.2 vol.% RCF, with a quite reversible relation between their fractional change in resistivity (FCR) and compressive strain.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/261671

Chararacterization of bricks and mortars used in Quang Tri citadel -Vietnam
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Carlorosi, Cecilia; Marcellini, Mirco; Mobili, Alessandra; Van Tan, N; Pugnaloni, Fausto; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251378

Effect of unconventional fillers on the performances of commercial paints for indoor applications
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Tribuiani, C; Favoni, Orlando; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251379

DEGRADATION ASSESSMENT OF POLYMERS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS UNDER STERILIZATION CONDITIONS
Baltic Polymer Symposium 2017
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Conti, Carla; Favoni, Orlando; Bellezze, Tiziano
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251231

Malta Multifunzionale
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra
Classificazione: 6 Brevetti
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/295288

Comportamento a corrosione di armature in acciaio e acciaio zincato in matrici geo-polimeriche e cementizie esposte a cloruri e carbonatazione accelerata
Atti delle Giornate di Studio sui Geopolimeri IX edizione Geopolimeri e Compositi
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Belli, Alberto; Giosue', Chiara; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Il presente lavoro confronta il comportamento a corrosione di armature in acciaio e acciaio zincato in matrici cementizie e geopolimeriche a pari classe di resistenza (R1, R2, R3). I risultati hanno mostrato che l’elevata alcalinità dei geopolimeri rallenta il raggiungimento della condizione di passività delle armature, in particolare per quelle in acciaio zincato. Dopo circa 10 giorni, tutte le armature danno velocità di corrosione paragonabili a quelle delle barre immerse nelle malte cementizie. La bassa porosità dei geopolimeri con cenere volante limita l’ingresso dei cloruri e offre la maggiore protezione a entrambi i tipi di barre. Durante l’esposizione ai cicli di bagnasciuga in acqua, successiva all’esposizione in camera di carbonatazione, entrambi i tipi di armatura registrano le più basse velocità di corrosione se immersi nei geopolimeri con cenere volante.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/245133

Comportamento a corrosione di armature zincate in malte geopolimeriche e cementizie a parità di classe di resistenza - Corrosion behavior of galvanized steel reinforcements in geopolymeric and cementitious mortars at the same strength class
Giornate Nazionali sulla Corrosione e Protezione
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Belli, Alberto; Giosue', Chiara; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Editore: Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The corrosion behavior of galvanized steel rebars embedded in geopolymer mortar was compared to that of the same reinforcements embedded in a cementitious mortar with the same mechanical strength class. The corrosion potential and the corrosion rate of these bars were measured throughout the first month of curing for all manufactured specimens, and then one half was submitted to weekly wet-dry cycles in 3.5% NaCl solution and the other half to weekly wet-dry cycles in tap water after exposure to a chamber with 3% of CO2. In the first month, the high alkalinity of geopolymers delayed the achievement of the galvanized steel passive state, but after reinforcements reached the same corrosion rates of those embedded in the cementitious mortars. In chlorides exposure, the lowest porosity of geopolymers hindered the ingress of chloride ions offering the highest protection to reinforcements. Also in carbonated matrices, during exposure to wet-dry cycles in tap water, galvanized bars had the lowest corrosion rates when embedded in the geopolymeric matrices.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/249647

Effect of commercial and waste carbonaceous fillers on the mechanical and electrical properties of innovative mortars
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Belli, Alberto; Giosue', Chiara; Mancini, Roberto; Mazzoli, Alida; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251377

Non-Destructive Testing for the In Situ Assessment of the Ionic Flux in Cementitious Materials
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The study deals with the design, calibration and testing of a diffusive sampling probe for in situ assessment of ion mobility in binder-based matrix. In parallel, leaching texts were conducted to compare the ions release obtained under equilibrium condition with the dynamic flux induced by the diffusive sampling probe. The probe contains an ionic exchange resin that acts as sink, causing a re-supply of ions from the solid to the solution phase, and inducing diffusion fluxes from the mortar through a thin diffusion chamber. The flux depends on the quantity of mobile ions in the solid phase and on the exchanging rate from solid phase to solution. By means of the in situ sampling with this diffusive probe, information about the interaction of materials with the environment can be obtained. This information is very useful for the environmental impact assessment of the material and its durability.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251357

Effect of the Type of Surface Treatment and Cement on the Chloride Induced Corrosion of Galvanized Reinforcements
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Mobili, Alessandra; Vicere', Annamaria; Roventi, Gabriella; Bellezze, Tiziano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The effect of a new passivation treatment, obtained by immersion of the galvanized reinforcements in a trivalent chromium salts based solution, on the chlorides induced corrosion has been investigated. To investigate also the effect of cement alkalinity on corrosion behaviour of reinforcements, concretes manufactured with three different European cements were compared. The obtained results show that the alternative treatment based on hexavalent chromium-free baths forms effective protection layers on the galvanized rebar surfaces. The higher corrosion rates of zinc coating in concrete manufactured with Portland cement compared to those recorded for bars in concrete manufactured with pozzolanic cement depends strongly on the higher chloride content at the steel concrete interface.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251669

Calcium Sulfoaluminate, Geopolymeric, and Cementitious Mortars for Structural Applications
ENVIRONMENTS
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Belli, Alberto; Giosue', Chiara; Telesca, Antonio; Marroccoli, Milena; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: This paper deals with the study of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) and geopolymeric (GEO) binders as alternatives to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) for the production of more environmentally-friendly construction materials. For this reason, three types of mortar with the same mechanical strength class (R3 25 MPa, according to EN 1504-3) were tested and compared; they were based on CSA cement, an alkaline activated coal fly ash, and OPC. Firstly, binder pastes were prepared and their hydration was studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal-thermogravimetric (DT-TG) analyses. Afterwards, mortars were compared in terms of workability, dynamic modulus of elasticity, adhesion to red clay bricks, free and restrained drying shrinkage, water vapor permeability, capillary water absorption, and resistance to sulfate attack. DT-TG and XRD analyses evidenced the main reactive phases of the investigated binders involved in the hydration reactions. Moreover, the sulfoaluminate mortar showed the smallest free shrinkage and the highest restrained shrinkage, mainly due to its high dynamic modulus of elasticity. The pore size distribution of geopolymeric mortar was responsible for the lowest capillary water absorption at short times and for the highest permeability to water vapor and the greatest resistance to sulfate attack.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251172

Damaged Concrete Viaduct in an Italian Highway: Concrete Characterization and Possible Strengthening Techniques by FRP Applications in Comparison
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Capuani, Domenico; Aprile, Alessandra
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The “Fornello” viaduct in the Italian Orte-Ravenna highway (E45) is seriously damaged. In this paper, the concrete of the reinforced slab has been widely characterized to evaluate the level of damage and to identify the causes of degradation. No-destructive tests, as those based on ultrasonic waves, as well as chemical, physical and mechanical destructive tests have been carried out on specimens drawn from deteriorated and not deteriorated zones of the R/C bridge decks. Into the slab thickness, the concentration distribution of main anions has been quantified by ion chromatography. Porosimetry tests have been carried out to detect the resistance to freeze-thaw cycles of cement paste. Possible strengthening techniques by FRP applications have been compared.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251667

Improving the Impact of Commercial Paint on Indoor Air Quality by Using Highly Porous Fillers
BUILDINGS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Citterio, Barbara; Biavasco, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: In the current paper, the effect on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of two commercial acrylic-based paints were compared: one (Paint A) for indoor applications, the other (Paint B) for indoor/outdoor applications. Both were applied on an inert and on a real mortar substrate. The possibility of Paint B to passively improve IAQ was also investigated when adding highly porous adsorbent fillers, both as addition or as total replacement of a conventional siliceous one. The obtained results show that all paints have high capacity to inhibit biological growth. Paint A is more breathable and it has a higher moisture buffering capacity. Paint B negatively modifies the beneficial properties of the mortar substrate for IAQ. However, the use of unconventional fillers, especially as addition to the formulation, allows the recovery of the same properties of the substrate or even the enhancement of about 20% of the ability to adsorb volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under the current test conditions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/252233

Durability assessment to environmental impact of nano-structured consolidants on Carrara marble by field exposure tests
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Autore/i: Bonazza, Alessandra; Vidorni, Giorgia; Natali, Irene; Ciantelli, Chiara; Giosue', Chiara; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The EU policy of reducing theemissions of combustion generated pollutants entails climate induced deterioration to become more important. Moreover, products applied to preserve outdoor built heritage and their preliminary performance tests often turn out to be improper. In such context, the paper reports the outcomes of the methodology adopted to assess the durability and efficiency of nano-based consolidating products utilized for the conservation of carbonate artworks, performing field exposure tests on Carrara marble model samples in different sites in the framework of the EC Project NANOMATCH. Surface properties and cohesion, extent and penetration of the conservative products and their interactions with marble substrates and environmental conditions are here examined after outdoor exposure for eleven months in four different European cities and compared with the features of undamaged and of untreated damaged specimens undergoing the same exposure settings.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/238690

Stainless and Galvanized Steel, Hydrophobic Admixture and Flexible Polymer-Cement Coating Compared in Increasing Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Giosue', Chiara; Mobili, Alessandra
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The use of stainless or galvanized steel reinforcements, a hydrophobic admixture or a flexible polymer-cement coating were compared as methods to improve the corrosion resistance of sound or cracked reinforced concrete specimens exposed to chloride rich solutions. The results show that in full immersion condition, negligible corrosion rates were detected in all cracked specimens, except those treated with the flexible polymer-cement mortar as preventive method against corrosion and the hydrophobic concrete specimens. High corrosion rates were measured in all cracked specimens exposed to wet-dry cycles, except for those reinforced with stainless steel, those treated with the flexible polymer-cement coating as restorative method against reinforcement corrosion and for hydrophobic concrete specimens reinforced with galvanized steel reinforcements
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251358

Diagnosis and methods against rising damp in industrial heritage buildings: a case study in Italy
IMEKO International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, MetroArchaeo 2017
Autore/i: Sardella, Alessandro; De Nuntiis, Paola; Giosue', Chiara; Tittarelli, Francesca; Bonazza, Alessandra
Editore: Athena srl
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: The presence of water and rising damp in particular is the most relevant cause of decay in historic buildings. Damage processes such as biodeterioration, frost and salt crystallization arise or are intensified in the presence of rising damp and its relevance is expected to increase in the future, due to climate changes. Treatment against rising damp is therefore generally advised for protection and durable conservation of historic buildings. The JPICH Project “Effectiveness of methods against rising damp in buildings: European practice and perspective – EMERISDA” aimed at a scientifically based evaluation of the effectiveness of different methods against rising damp and decision support tool definition for a conscious choice use of these methods in the practice of conservation. During the present contribution, the main results obtained for the case study in Ferrara (Italia) will be discussed. Specifically, the treatments applied and the methodological approach for their effectiveness assessment will be presented.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/256837

The Effect of Fly Ash on the Corrosion Behaviour of Galvanised Steel Rebars in Concrete
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Mobili, Alessandra; Bellezze, Tiziano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The effect of fly ash on the corrosion behaviour of galvanised steel rebars in cracked concrete specimens exposed to wet-dry cycles in a chloride solution has been investigated. The obtained results show that the use of fly ash, replacing either cement or aggregate, always improves the corrosion behaviour of galvanised steel reinforcements. In particular, the addition of fly ash, even in the presence of concrete cracks, decreases the corrosion rate monitored in very porous concretes, as those with w/c = 0.80, to values comparable with those obtained in good quality concretes, as those with w/c = 0.45. Therefore, fly ash cancels the negative effect, at least from the corrosion point of view, of a great porosity of the cement matrix.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251356

Comportamento a corrosione di armature zincate in malte geopolimeriche e cementizie a parità di classe di resistenza - Corrosion behavior of galvanized steel reinforcements in geopolymeric and cementitious mortars at the same strength class
LA METALLURGIA ITALIANA
Autore/i: Mobili, Alessandra; Belli, Alberto; Giosue', Chiara; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The corrosion behavior of galvanized steel rebars embedded in geopolymer mortar was compared to that of the same reinforcements embedded in a cementitious mortar with the same mechanical strength class. The corrosion potential and the corrosion rate of these bars were measured throughout the first month of curing for all manufactured specimens, and then one half was submitted to weekly wet-dry cycles in 3.5% NaCl solution and the other half to weekly wet-dry cycles in tap water after exposure to a chamber with 3% of CO2. In the first month, the high alkalinity of geopolymers delayed the achievement of the galvanized steel passive state, but after reinforcements reached the same corrosion rates of those embedded in the cementitious mortars. In chlorides exposure, the lowest porosity of geopolymers hindered the ingress of chloride ions offering the highest protection to reinforcements. Also in carbonated matrices, during exposure to wet-dry cycles in tap water, galvanized bars had the lowest corrosion rates when embedded in the geopolymeric matrices.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/250491

Influence of Binders and Lightweight Aggregates on the Properties of Cementitious Mortars: From Traditional Requirements to Indoor Air Quality Improvement
MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Mobili, Alessandra; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: Innovative and multifunctional mortars for renders and panels were manufactured using white photocatalytic and non-photocatalytic cement as binder. Unconventional aggregates, based on lightweight materials with high specific surface and adsorbent properties, were adopted in order to investigate the possible ability to passively improve indoor air quality. The reference mortar was manufactured with traditional calcareous sand. Results show that even if the mechanical properties of mortars with unconventional aggregates generally decrease, they remain acceptable for application as render. The innovative mortars were able to passively improve indoor air quality in terms of transpirability (70% higher), moisture buffering ability (65% higher) and depolluting capacity (up to 75% higher) compared to traditional ones under the current test conditions.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/250516

Lightweight materials for indoor application: the way to increase comfort and health of occupants
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOMATERIALS & FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Yu, Q; Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Brouwers, Hjh
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251376

Combined Use of Shrinkage Reducing Admixture and CaO in Cement Based Materials
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Giosue', Chiara; Monosi, Saveria
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The combined addition of a Shrinkage-Reducing Admixture (SRA) with a CaObased expansive agent (CaO) has been found to have a synergistic effect to improve the dimensional stability of cement based materials. In this work, aimed to further investigate the effect, mortar and self-compacting concrete specimens were prepared either without admixtures, as reference, or with SRA alone and/or CaO. Their performance was compared in terms of compressive strength and free shrinkage measurements. Results showed that the synergistic effect in reducing shrinkage is confirmed in the specimens manufactured with SRA and CaO. In order to clarify this phenomenon, the effect of SRA on the hydration of CaO as well as cement was evaluated through different techniques. The obtained results show that SRA induces a finer microstructure of the CaO hydration products and a retarding effect on the microstructure development of cement based materials. A more deformable mortar or concrete, due to the delay in microstructure development by SRA, coupled with a finer microstructure of CaO hydration products could allow higher early expansion, which might contribute in contrasting better the successive drying shrinkage.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251671

The use of a Phosphate-Based Migrating Corrosion Inhibitor to Repair Reinforced Concrete Elements Contaminated by Chlorides
IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Mobili, Alessandra; Bellezze, Tiziano
Classificazione: 1 Contributo su Rivista
Abstract: The use of sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) was experimented as migrator inhibiting treatment against corrosion of reinforced concrete elements induced by chlorides. The results show that sodium monofluorophosphate, applied by surface impregnation, is able to slow down reinforcement corrosion only for reinforcing steel bars with concrete cover not thicker than 1 cm. This limitation is most probably due to the difficulty, with the type of application adopted, in making MFP to reach concentrations high enough to inhibit the corrosive process at greater depths from the impregnation surface.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/251355

Non-destructive testing for the in situ assessment of the ionic flux in cementitious materials
International Conference on Advanced Material Technologies (ICAMT)-2016
Autore/i: Tittarelli, Francesca; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Giosue', Chiara; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/249813

Photocatalytic Cement-based Mortars with Unconventional Aggregates for the Improvement of Indoor Air Quality
9th European Meeting on Solar Chemistry and Photocatalysis: Environmental Applications (SPEA-9)
Autore/i: Giosue', Chiara; Pierpaoli, Mattia; Mobili, Alessandra; Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Abstract: Using of passive systems to improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) could be very useful in terms of energy savings and comfort of occupants. This study focused on an innovative and multifunctional mortar able to improve IAQ. The action of Photocatalytic binder coupled with adsorbent materials used as aggregates was investigated. Results show better water vapour permeability and moisture buffering capacity, and lower mechanical properties of unconventional-aggregate based mortars with respect to the traditional ones. With respect to VOC, depollution capacity of the former was up to 65% higher than the mortar prepared with sand. The addition of UV irradiation positively influences depollution capacity even in presence of conventional aggregate.
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/238679

COMMERCIAL AND WASTE CARBON BASED NANO/MICRO FILLERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL MORTARS
National Young Researchers' Forum on Materials Science and Technology
Autore/i: Belli, Alberto; Mobili, Alessandra; Giosue', Chiara; Toscano, Giuseppe; Mazzoli, Alida; Bellezze, Tiziano; Tittarelli, Francesca
Classificazione: 4 Contributo in Atti di Convegno (Proceeding)
Scheda della pubblicazione: https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/246366